natural gas processing separation sweeting and dehydration and compression

1. Natural gas processing
Koya University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of chemical engineering
Petroleum and Gas Technology
Prepared by: supervised by:
Ara Fakher Mr. Rebwar K. A.
Area Dldar
Dima Jawhar

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Natural Gas Processing
• Natural Gas Refining and Separation
• Natural Gas Sweetening
• Natural Gas Dehydration
• Natural Gas Compression

3. Introduction
A natural gas processing plant is a facility designed
to provide clean raw natural gas by separating to
get high-quality natural gas, what is known as
pipeline-quality dry natural gas.
Figure 1: Schematic geology of natural gas resources. Table 1: Typical Raw Gas Composition.

4. Natural Gas Processing
Natural gas processing yields associated
hydrocarbons, which can be extremely
valuable byproducts.
The steps of natural gas Processing:
• planning & Extraction
• separation (from oil)
• removals: water, sulfur, and carbon dioxide
removal
• separation of natural gas liquids
• odorant phase: natural gas is odorless;
thus, it is dangerous. Giving natural gas an
odor has safety reasons.
• compression station
• storage
• transportation
The four main process of natural gas
processing are
• Oil and Condensate Removal
• Water Removal
• Separation of Natural Gas Liquids
• Sulfur and Carbon Dioxide Removal

5. Natural gas sweetening
When reservoir fluids reach the surface, they
usually contain a mixture of gas, oil, and
water.
• After the oil and gas have been treated to
achieve a marketable quality, very accurate
measurements are required for the purpose
of custody transfer.
• Separation is often accomplished in two or
three stages of decreasing pressure,
especially if production is from high-
pressure wells.
Figure 2: Typical reservoir fluids found in a well

6. Natural Gas Sweetening
Natural gas sweetening is the process whereby hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon
dioxide (CO2) are removed from the natural gas. Both H2S and CO2 promote
corrosion through the formation of acids in the presence of water and can cause stress
cracking in the pipelines.
H2S, along with CO2, is reduced or
removed in a contactor using an
amine scrubbing process.
Accurate measurement of the
concentrations of both H2S and CO2
in the sweetening process is
necessary, both at the inlet and outlet
of the amine contactor. These
measurements ensure both
impurities are below the tariff or
contract limit
Figure 4: Process flow diagram for natural gas
sweetening by absorption using potassium carbonate
solvent

7. Natural Gas Dehydration
1. In natural gas Water is typically present as
associated, or tail gas at the source in
liquid or vapor form. Or as a byproduct of
sweetening with an aqueous solution,
either in liquid or vapor form.
2. Near wellheads and at key points along
gathering and trunk lines, pipeline drips
will remove the majority of free water
lifted from the wells in the gas stream.
3. By reducing the gas's dew point
temperature the point at which water
vapor will condense from the gas the
natural gas is "dehydrated" as a result of
this treatment FIGURE 5: TEG absorption dehydration scheme

8. Natural Gas Compression
Compressor stations are a crucial
natural gas pipeline network
component to transport natural
gas from individual producing
well sites to end users.
Compressor stations are often
found near pipeline routes or
natural gas processing.
Before natural gas enters the
pipeline system, it is boosted in
pressure at these facilities using
sizable motors and compressors.
The gas is kept flowing through
the pipelines and is guaranteed
to arrive at its destination safely
and effectively thanks to the
increased pressure.

10. Reference
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