talha raees 6th semester uet peshawar

1. TALHA RAEES
17PWCHE1236
CRE LAB
ASSIGMENT NO 1

2. CHEMICAL REACTOR
AND
ITS TYPES

3. Chemical Reactor
 An industrial chemical reactor is
complex device in which heat transfer
, mass transfer , diffusion and friction
may occur along with chemical
reaction with provisions of safety and
controls.
 Are vessels designed to contain
chemical reaction.
 Reactor is the heart of chemical
process.

4. Basic Principles
 All chemical processes are centered in
a
chemical reactor. The design of a
chemical
reactor is the most important factor in
determining the overall process
economics.

5. Basic for Design
 Reaction type
 Removal of heat
 Need for catalyst
 Phases involve
 The mode of temperature and
pressure control
 Production capacity

6. Reactor Types
 They can be classified according to
the;
 Mode of operation
 End use application
 No of phases
 A catalyst is used

7. Classification by Mode of
operation
 Batch reactors
 Continuous reactors
 Semi-batch reactors

8. Batch Reactor
 A “batch” of reactants is introduced
into the reactor operated at the
desired conditions until the target
conversion is reached.
 Batch reactor are typically tanks in
which stirring of the reactants is
achieved using internal impellers, gas
bubbles, or a pump around loop where
a fraction of the reactants is removed
and externally recirculated back to the
reactor.

9. Continuous Reactors
 Reactants are added and products
removed continuously at a constant
mass flow rate. Large daily production
rates are mostly conducted in
continuous equipment.
 TYPES
 CSTR
Plug flow reactor
Tubular flow reactor

10. CSTR
 A continuous stirred tank reactor
(CSTR) is a vessel to which reactants
are added and products removed
while the contents within the vessel
are vigorously stirred using internal
agitation or by internally (or externally)
recycling the contents.
 CSTRs may be employed in series or
in parallel.

11. Plug Flow Reactor
 The plug flow reactor model (PFR,
sometimes called continuous tubular
reactor, CTR, or piston flow reactors)
is a model used to describe chemical
reactions in continuous, flowing
systems of cylindrical geometry.
 These are tubular reactors generally
but not necessarily.
 Sometimes used for liquid phase
reactions but best suited for gas
phase reactions.

12. Tubular Flow reactor
 A tubular flow reactor (TFR) is a tube
(or pipe) through which reactants flow
and are converted to product.
 The TFR may have a varying diameter
along the flow path.
 In such a reactor, there is a
continuous gradient of concentration
in the direction of flow.

13. Semi Batch Reactor
 Some of the reactants are loaded into
the reactor, and the rest of the
reactants are fed gradually.
Alternatively, one reactant is loaded
into the reactor, and the other reactant
is fed continuously.

14. Classification By End Use
 Chemical reactors are typically used
for the synthesis of chemical
intermediates for a variety of specialty
application.
 EXAMPLES
Polymerization reactors
Bio-reactors
Electrochemical Reactors

15. THANK YOU