Bob Alford - Perspectives on CO2-EOR
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This presentation was delivered at the Global CCS Institute's Global Status of CCS: 2014 event in Abu Dhabi on 6 November.
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Bob Alford - Perspectives on CO2-EOR
- 1. Perspectives on CO2 EOR Bob Alford
- 2. Maersk Oil: Navigating Complexity, Unlocking Potential Maersk Oil is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Maersk Group, the world’s largest shipping company Denmark Qatar UK USA Brazil Norway Algeria Kazakhstan Angola Iraq Greenland Abu-Dhabi Exploration, development and business development Operated and non-operated production Maersk Oil operates around 600,000 barrels of oil equivalents / day • Turning marginal and challenging fields into commercial successes • Executing large and complex projects on time and budget page 2
- 3. Operating the Worlds Largest Ships… The deployment of twenty Triple-E vessels, each capable of carrying 18,000 twenty foot containers, is placing Maersk Line at the helm of change. The size and capacity of these vessels, at 400 metres long and 59 metres wide, reduces energy consumption and lowers CO2 emissions. page 3 …and reducing our CO2 Footprint
- 4. Positive Macro Environment for CCUS in Abu Dhabi • Low permeability carbonate reservoirs well suited to CO2 EOR • CO2 EOR deployment slowed because of the lack of low cost CO2 supply - but new sources are emerging • High growth in domestic energy consumption but governments keen supporters of carbon reduction initiatives page 4
- 5. MENA has the highest CO2 EOR potential page 5 This does not include the additional scope to obtain oil from the Residual Oil Zones (ROZ*) *ROZ = oil below the normal oil/water reservoir contact MENA region dominates the list of worldwide CO2 EOR potential locations Location; EOR in Bln barrels; EOR % of total Source: Michael Godec 2010
- 6. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Now 2023 Potential for CO2 to displace Methane Injection for Onshore EOR Emirates Steel CO2 TriGen CO2 Methane Gas CO2 substituted for gas injection frees up gas page 6 Methane can be used for export or to benefit other industries in Abu Dhabi Note that an additional 1.5 bcf/d of methane is being injected into rich gas reservoirs Gas Injected (mmcf/d)
- 7. CO2 Injection vs. Methane Injection for EOR page 7 CO2 WAG Could Increase the Oil Recovery Factor from <30% to 45%+ Long horizontal / Maximum Reservoir Contact wells could further enhance the viability of CO2 WAG *WAG = Water Alternating Gas (CO2) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Methane gas injection Conventional Waterflood CO2 WAG* injection ‘Industry Average’ Recovery Factors Comparison of Injectant Efficiency
- 8. From the Space Industry to the Energy Industry… …A New Source of Low Cost ‘Reservoir Ready’ CO2 page 8
- 9. TriGen’s Oxycombustion Process Clean Power for over 100,000 Homes while Boosting Oil Recovery OxyFuel Gas Combustor Air Separation Unit (ASU) Gas/Steam Turbine Generator The Power of TriGeneration* Separation Gas (+CO2) 45 mmcf/d O2 85 mmcf/d N2 Nitrogen Pure Water 0.5 MGD Net Electric Power 180 MWe Enhanced Oil Production ~ 7000 bpd page 9 Gas Reservoir Oil Reservoir CO2 45 mmcf/d Associated gas with CO2 Separation Oil *outputs from single TriGen unit – other sizes available
- 10. Space Shuttle derived combustor technology… Diffusion bonded platelet technology similar to Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHE’s) used in upstream oil applications …Demonstration plant operating in California since 2005 page 10
- 11. Why Oxycombustion for Carbon Capture? Atmosphere Syngas & Shift + CO2 sep Air Separation Unit Amine Absorption CO2 Compression & Dehydration Power & Heat Power & Heat Power & Heat N2 N2 O2 O2 H2 N2 O2 CO2 CO2 CO2 Air Post Combustion Precombustion Oxyfiring Air Air Fossil Fuel Enhanced Oil Recovery TriGen is an oxyfuel technology: • Pure CO2 – no capture cost • Air Separation – energy penalty page 11
- 12. Oxycombustion Chemistry Protects the environment Nitrous Oxides produce Ozone (a major smog component) Oxycombustion produces no NOx and therefore no harmful Ozone Its only combustion products are products are pure CO2 and H2O ready for use CH4 + N2 + O2 CO2 + H2O + N2 + NOx Air combustion Oxycombustion Air page 12 CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O + NOx Impure Carbon Dioxide is released Natural Gas Natural Gas Oxygen ‘Reservoir Ready‘ CO2 is fully captured and sequestered deep underground Water Nitrous Oxides Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen The zero emission TriGen process Conventional gas fired power generation
- 13. Summary: Drivers / Impediments for CO2 EOR Drivers • ADNOC companies 70% ultimate recovery target • Recognition of CO2 EOR as a key enabler for achieving 70% recovery • Abu Dhabi’s clean energy vision for 2020, 2030 Challenges • Incentive fiscal terms for EOR • Pre/Post combustion CO2 sources limited and/or above ‘market price’ • Clean electricity priced on a ‘case by case’ basis • Aligning stakeholders for integrated carbon capture to CO2 EOR project page 13
- 14. Thank you page 14
- 15. Abu Dhabi’s Existing Air Separation Plants ‘Waste Oxygen’ may be used for oxy-combustion power generation page 15
- 16. 150MWe Oxy-Fuel Turbine De-Min Tank The World’s Largest Oxy-Fuel Facility (Operated by Maersk Oil Technology Partner, CES) 12” Gas Generator 200MWth Re-Heater Test Stand Geo/Solar Thermal Booster Demo 24MWe Load Banks Oxygen Accumulators Areva Solar Thermal Plant Oxygen Tank and Vaporizer Gas Accumulator Pad CES Kimberlina Power Plant October 2012 60MWe Generator Gas Accumulators G2S2 SAGD Steam Separator 30MWe Oxy-Fuel Turbine 4” Gas Generator 20MWth (Inside Biomass Boiler Building) 6MWe Elliott Steam Turbine (Inside Building)