Quality Control on the Construction

2. QUALITY CONTROL
A SYSTEM OF METHODS FOR THE COST EFFECTIVE
PROVISION OF GOOD OR SERVICES WHOSE QUALITY
FITS THE PURCHASER REQUIREMENTS
FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS:
A CONTROL SYSTEM APPLIED AT EACH LEVEL OF THE
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS TO ENSURE THAT STRUCTURE
SATISFY ALL THE STANDARD OF DESIGN AND
SPECIFICATION IN THE MOST ECONOMICAL WAY.

3. REQUIREMENT FOR COMPLETE QC SYSTEM
• THE STRUCTURE MUST SATISFY THE
STANDARD WITHIN THE SPECIFIED DEGREE
OF TOLERANCE.
• ALL PROCESS RELATED TO QUALITY
CONTROL, SUCH AS RAW MATERIALS,
EQUIPMENT, WORKERS AND WORK METHOD
MUST REMAIN STABLE

4. PROCEDURE FOR QUALITY CONTROL
1. DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTIC VALUE TO BE
CONTROLLED.
2. DETERMINE THE QUALITY STANDARD FOR THE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTIC.
3. DETERMINE THE WORK STANDARD(WORK
METHOD) TO DETERMINE THE QUALITY
STANDARD.

5. CONT…
4. IMPLEMENT CONSTRUCTION ACCORDING TO THE
WORK STANDARD AND COLLECT DATA
5. CHECK COLLECTED DATA IF CONFORMS WITH THE
QUALITY STANDARD USING HISTOGRAM, TO
CREATE A CONTROL CHART BASED ON THE SAME
DATA TO CHECK IF THE PROCESS IS STABLE.
6. PROCEDURE 5 MUST BE REPEATED WITH RECENT
DATA WHEN A PERIOD OF TIME TO EQUAL TO
THAT DURING WHICH TIME THE INITIAL DATA
WAS COLLECTED HAS PASSED, OR IF THE NUMBER
OF SAMPLE REACH 20, OR AFTER ONE MONTH.

6. QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC MUST:
1. REPRESENT THE ENTIRE STATE OF THE
PROCESS
2. SIGNIFICANTLY REFLECT THE DESIGN
QUALITY
3. EASY TO USE
4. ALLOW FOR EASY RESPONSE TO THE
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

7. QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC USED IN CONSTRUCTION
TYPE
OBJECT OF
CONSTRUCTION
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS
TEST
EARTHWORK EMBANKMENT
GRADING
WATER RATIO
LIQUID LIMIT
PLASTIC LIMIT
MAX DRY DENSITY
OPTIMUM WATER RATIO
DEGREE OF COMPACTION
GRADING TEST
WATER CONTENT
LIQUID LIMIT TEST
PLASTIC LIMIT TEST
COMPACTION TEST
COMPACTION TEST
SITE DENSITY TEST
BASE WORK
BASE MATERIALS
GRADING
WATER RATIO
SIEVEING- ANALYSIS
TEST
WATER CONTENT TEST
BEARING CAPACITY
OF THE BASE
COEFFICIENT OF BEARING AGGREGATE
PENETRATION INDEX
PLATE BEARING TEST
VARIOUS PENETRATION

8. CONCRETE
WORK
AGGREGATE
•GRADING OF AN AGGREGATE
•SURFACE MOISTURE OF THE AGGREGATE
•ABRASION
•SEIVING-ANALYSIS TEST
•SURFACE MOISTURE TEST
•LOS ANGELOS ABRASION TEST
CONCTRETE
•SLUMP
•AIR CONTENT
•COMPRESSION STRENGTH
•UNIT WEIGHT
•BLENDING RATIO
•SLUMP TEST
•AIR CONTENT TEST
•COMPRESSION STRENGHT TEST
•UNIT WT. TEST
•WASHING ANALYSIS
ASPHALT
PAVING
WORK
ASPHALT
•PENETRATION
•SOFTENING POINT
•PENETRATION TEST
•SOFTENING POINT TEST
ASPHALT PAVING
MIXTURE IN A PLANT
•TEMPERATURE OF VARIOUS MATERIALS
•COMBINED GRADUATION OF AGGREGATE
•ASPHALT CONTENT
•MEASUREMENT OF TEMP. OF
VARIOUS MAT’LS
•EXTRACTION TEST FOR A MIXTURE
•EXTRACTION TEST FOR A MIXTURE
ASPHALT PAVING
MIXTURE AT A
PAVING SITE
•DENSITY
•TEMPERATURE OF A MIXTURE
•ASPHALT CONTENT
•COMBINED GRADUATION OF AGGREGATE
•THICKNESS
•SURFACE ROUGHNESS
•DENSITY TEST FOR MIXTURE
•TEMP. MEASUREMENT
•CORE EXTRACTION TEST
•CORE EXTRACTION TEST
•MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE
ROUGHNESS

9. QUALITY CONTROL STANDARDS
WORK
TYPE
TYPE
TEST
CAT
TEST ITEM
TESTING
STANDARDS
REMARKS
CEMENT
CONCRETE
MATERIAL
OTHERS SEIVE ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATE
ONCE EVERY 300 CU.M. FOR FINE
AGGREGATE OR 500CU.M. FOR
COARSE AGGREGATE OR ONCE A DAY
WHEN READY MIXED
CONCRETE IS USED,
FOLLOW THE
TESTING TABLE
SUPPLIED BY THE
MANUFACTURER OF
THE CONCRETE
•UNIT WT. OF AGGRE.
•S.G. & ABSORPTION OF AGGRE.
•ABRASION OF AGGRE.
•DECANTATION OF AGGRE.
•MEASURING TEST FOR SOFT PARTICLES IN
COARSE AGGRE.
•TEST FOR ORGANIC IMPURITIES IN SAND
PERFORM EVERY TIME THAT WORK IS
INITIATED OR WHEN THERE IS ANY
CHANGE IN MATERIALS USED.
PHYSICAL TESTING OF CEMENT TESTING BY THE MANUFACTURER
CONSTRUCTIO
N
ESSENTIAL
•SLUMP TEST
•AIR CONTENT TEST
TWICE A DAY (IN THE MORNING AND
IN THE AFTERNOON)

10. QUALITY CONTROL STANDARDS
WORK
TYPE
TYPE
TEST
CAT
TEST ITEM
TESTING
STANDARDS
REMAR
KS
CEMENT
CONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION
ESSENTIAL
COMPRESSIVE TEST
TWICE FOR EVERY ONE PLACING (AM/PM) FOR REINFORCED
CONCRETE, AND ONCE FOR EVERY ONE PLACING FOR OTHER TYPES
OF CONCRETE. HOWEVER, FOR FOUNDATION CONCRETE OR FOR
BACK FILL CONCRETE OF WET MASONRY, TESTING MUST BE
PERFORMED ONE TO THREE TIMES FOR EVERY CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT DEPENDING ON THE SIZE OF THE STRUCTURE. THE TEST
PIECE MUST BE SAMPLED AT THE SITE WHERE THE CONCRETE IS
PLACED, AND SIX SAMPLES MUST BE TAKEN AT ONE TIME AS A RULE.
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
TEST
APPLICABLE TO CONCRETE PAVEMENT TWICE A DAY FOR PLACING
CONCRETE. THE TEST PIECE MUST BE SAMPLED AT THE SITE WHERE
THE CONCRETE IS PLACED. AS A RULE, THREE SAMPLES MUST BE
TAKEN AT ONE TIME.
OTHERS
TESTING OF SURFACE
MOISTURE IN FINE
AGGREGATE
TWICE A DAY (AM/PM)
•STRENGTH TEST BY
CORES
•WASHING ANALYSIS
FOR CONCRETE PERFORM WHEN AN ABNORMALITY IS FOUND IN THE QUALITY.

11. QUALITY CONTROL STANDARDS
WORK
TYPE
TYPE
TEST
CAT
TEST ITEM
TESTING
STANDARDS
REMAR
KS
ASPHALT
OF
PAVEMENT
MATERIAL
ESSENTIAL
•SEIVING ANALYSIS OF
AGGREGATES
•SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND
ABSORPTION OF
AGGREGATES
EVERY TIME THAT WORK IS INITIATED OR WHEN A CHANGE IS FOUND
PLANT
MEASURING OF
TEMPERATURE, ASPHALT,
AGGREGATE, & MIXTURE
PERFORM ONCE EVERY HOUR.
DECISION REGARDING
STANDARD DENSITY
DURING THE FIRST TWO DAYS, ONCE IN THE MORNING AND ONCE IN
THE AFTERNOON, USING THREE PIECES FOR SAMPLING.
OTHERS
SYNTHETIC GRADING
TEST FOR HOT PIN
AGGREGATE
PERFORM ONCE A DAY

12. QUALITY CONTROL STANDARDS
WORK
TYPE
TYPE
TEST
CAT
TEST ITEM
TESTING
STANDARDS
REMAR
KS
ASPHALT
OF
PAVEMENT
PAVEMENT
CONSTRUCTION
SITE
ESSENTIAL •MEASURING OF
TEMPERATURE (AT THE
TIME OF LEVELING)
PERFORM FOR EACH TRUCK. PERFORM TWICE A DAY (AM/PM)
FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL USING THE SAME BLEND (LESS THAN
100t )
MEASUREMENT OF
DENSITY
10 TIME FOR ONE LOT OF EACH COMPOSITE MATERIAL. CORES
ARE USED AFTER THEIR THICKNESS IS MEASURED. HOWEVER,
PERFORM MORE THAN PER ONE CONSTRUCTION FOR COMPOSITE
MATERIAL USING THE SAME BLEND (LESS THAN 100t )
OTHERS
SLIDING RESISTANCE TEST ONCE FOR EVERY 200M OF PAVED LANE

13. QUALITY CONTROL STANDARDS
WORK
TYPE
TYPE
TEST
CAT
TEST ITEM
TESTING
STANDARDS
REMAR
KS
ASPHALT
PAVEMENT
MATERIAL
OTHERS •ABRASION OF AGGREGATE
•SOUNDNESS OF AGGREGATE
•MEASURING TEST FOR SOFT PARTICLES IN COARSE AGGRE.
•PENETRATION TEST
•TEST FOR FLASH POINT AND FIRE POINT
•TEST FOR SOFTENING POINT
•DUCTILITY TEST
•EVEPORATION TEST
•TEST FOT THE AMOUNT OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
COMBUSTIBLES
•SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
•EMULSION TEST
•QUALITY TEST FOR TAR
•SAYBOLT VISCOSITY TEST
EVERYTIME THAT WORK IS
INITIATED. OTHERWISE, TO BE
SUBMITTED BY THE
MANUFACTURER WHEN
THERE IS A CHANGE IN
MANUFACTURER OR
TECHNICAL STANDARDS.
PLANT
ESSENTIAL
MIXING TEST ONCE FOR EVERY MIXING
•EXTRACTION OF ASPHALT FROM THE MIXTURE, OR GRADING
ANALYSIS TEST
ONCE A DAY