drilling mud laboratory

1. Drilling Enginnering I Laboratory 3rd Stage
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Chian.Zaxo
15-NOV-2017
MUD WEIGHT AND
DENSITY TEST
SUPERVISED BY:
MR. JAGAR ABDULAZEZ ALI
AND
MISS. REJIN
PREPARED BY
CHIYAN FAWZI YASEEN
College of
Engineering
Petroleum
Department
Third stage
Second class
EXno.(1)

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Table of content
1.1 – Aim
1.2 – Theory
1.3 – Apparatus
1.4 – Calibration
1.5 – Procedure
1.6 – Calculation
1.7 – Result and discussion
1.8 – Conclusion
1.9 – References

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Mud weight and density test
Ex. No. (1)
1.1 – Aim
1 .To know how to use mud balance apparatus.
2 .To know the change in density after adding barite by using water.
3 .To recalculate the density of the mud which is given.
1.2 – Theory
The density of the drilling fluid must be controlled to provide adequate hydrostatic head
to prevent influx of formation fluid, but not so high as to cause loss of circulation or
adversely affect the drilling rate and damaging the formation. Normal pressure gradiant
by water is equal to (0.433 psi/ft) and equal to 433 psi/1000 ft. A mud balance ,also
known as a mud scale is adevice used to measure the density(weight) of drilling fluid
,cement or any type of liquid or slurry. There is no reliable visual method of determining
the density of drilling mud, the mud balance is the most reliable and simple way of
making the determination.
1.3– Apparatus
The instrument consists of a constant volume cup with a lever arm and rider calibrated to
read directly the density of the fluid
in PPG(water 8.33),pcf(water 62.4),specific gravity (water=1) and pressuregradient in
psi.

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Mud balance Bentonite
Water Barite
Electric mixer & steelvessel Beaker

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1.4– Calibration
1 .Remove the lid from the cup and completely fill the cup with water.
2 .Replace the lid and wipe dry.
3 .Replace the balance arm on the base with knife-edge resting on the fulcrum.
4 .The level via l should be centered when the rider set on 8.33ppg.If not, add to or remove
shot from the well in the end of the beam.
1.5– Procedure
1 .Remove the lid from the cup, and completely fill the cup with the mud to be tested.
2 .Replace the lid and rotate until firmly seated, making sure some muds expelled through
the hole in the cup.
3 .Wash or wipe the mud from the outside of the cup.
4 .Place the balance arm on the base, with the knife-edge resting on the fulcrum.
5 .Move the rider until the graduated arm is level, as indicated by the level vial on the
beam.
6 .Noted down the mud temperature corresponding to density.
7-after we are prepared bentonite mud we put in this mud barite (weight 25.8463gm) and
after that we are rerecorded the density of the new mud by mud balance.

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1.6– Calculation
Example :
W1V1 + W2V2 = WfVf
8.33V1 + 20.8V2 = 8.6 * 300 => (V1 + V2 = 300), => (V1 = 300 – V2)
8.33 (300 – V2) + 20.8 V2 = 2580 gm
2499 – 8.33 V2 + 20.8 V2 = 2580 => V2 (- 8.33 +20.8) = 81
V2 = 6.49 cc Bentonite
M = volume * density => M = 6.49 * 2.5 =16.225 gm bentonite
V1 = 300 – 6.49 = 293.51 cc Water
……………………………………………………………………………………...
Example : 1
For a laboratory purpose, it is required to prepare 1000 cc bentonite fresh water mud
Having a density of 8.48 lb/gal. determine the volume of water and bentonite .
Solution
W1V1 + W2V2 = WfVf
1gm/cc * V1 + 2.5gm/cc * V2 = (8.48/8.33 gm/cc) * 1000 cc
(V1 + V2 = 1000 cc) => (V1 = 1000 – V 2)
1gm/cc * (1000 – V2) + 2.5gm/cc * V2 = 1018 gm
1000 – V2 + 2.5 V2 = 1018 gm
1.5 V2 = 1018 – 1000 gm
V2 = 18 / 1.5 = 12 cc bentonite
Mass = volume * density => M = 12 * 2.5 = 30 gm bentonite
V1 + V2 = Vf => V1 + 12 = 1000 => V1 = 988 cc water

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Exercises :(E1).
For a laboratory purpose, it is desired to mix 500 cc of bentonite fresh water mud
Having a viscosity of 30 cp. (5 % of bentonite powder is need to produce30 cp
Bentonite fresh water mud).
A – What will be the resulting of mud density?
B – How much of each material should be used?
Solution
5% from 500 cc of mud it is 25 cc of bentonite, and 95% it is fresh water that is 475 cc
A)
W1V1 + W2V2 = WfVf
1gm/cc * 475cc + 2.5gm/cc * 25cc = density * 500 cc
475 gm + 62.5 gm = density * 500 cc
Density of mud = 537.5 gm / 500 cc
Density of mud = 1.075 gm/cc
B)
Mass of bentonite = volume * density
Mass of bentonite = 25cc * 2.5 gm/cc = 62.5 gm of bentonite
……
Mas of water = volume * density
Mass of water = 475cc * 1 gm/cc = 475 gm of water
……
Mass of mud = volume * density
Mass of mud = 500cc * 1.075 gm/cc = 537.2 gm

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Exercises (E2)
Calculate how much water in barrel and bentonite in pound are required to make 800
barrels of a 10.5 ib/gal water based mud drilling mud.
1 bbl = 42 gal => 800 * 42 = 33600 gal volume of mud
Solution
W1V1 + W2V2 = WfVf
8.33 ib/gal * V1 + 20.8 ib/gal * V2 = 10.5 ib/gal * 33600 gal
(V1 + V2 = 33600 gal) => (V1 = 33600 – V 2)
8.33 ib/gal * (33600 – V2) + 20.8 ib/gal * V2 = 352800 ib
279888 – 8.33V2 + 20.8 V2 = 352800 ib
12.47 V2 = 352800 – 279888 ib
V2 = 72912 / 12.47 = 5846.9 gal bentonite
Mass = volume * density => M = 5846.9 gal * 20.8 ib/gal = 121615.5 ib bentonite
V1 + V2 = Vf => V1 + 5846.9 = 33600 => V1 = 27753.1 gal water
Volume of water => barrels
Volume water = 27753.1/42
Volume of water = 660.7 barrels (bbl)

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1.7- Result and discussion
-We must be clean all the device before our works becauseif they are dirty, they will be
cause error in our experiment. -If the water is not clean (dirty) to prepare this mud we have
some error to equilibrium this balance, you must balance this mud balance with the water
(standard solution) in first stage and after that you balanced the bentonite mud with
respect to density of the water and we put this mud (barite) to increase the density of the
mud (to controlled the formation). -In this experiment we want to recalculate the density
of the mud, first we weight of the bentonite in the weight balance and mixed it with water,
then we put it in the mixture tool, in fact we could not make the mud balance our bentonite
in the lab was bad ,so our result was mistake. -If the mud was mixed didn't bad, we must
find the mud density by the mud balance. After the mixture we must weight of barite and
put in to the mixture of the bentonite and water (mud) in the mixture tool, after this
mixture we find its density by the mud balance too. From that we know the difference
between both densities.
Q/Why are we increase density of this mud?
A/In this test we are weighting this mud by adding the barite (high density) to increase the
density of mud (bentonite mud), the useful of this increasing mud to controlling the
adequate hydrostatic head to prevent influx of formation fluids.
Q/why the density is 8.77 ppg ?
due to the experiment was not result for the mud we prepared was approximately 8.7
ppgmaybe the machine was not completely dried or we as students are new users of the
machine so maybe we were not accurete so many thing affect no the result
1.8 – conclusion
The most significant, yet simple measurement the driller can make is that of mud weight
or density. Density must be measured by weighing a known volume. Density can be stated
in any convenient units. To prevent the flow of formation fluids into the hole, the drilling
mud must exert a greater pressure than that of the fluids in porous rocks that are penetrated
by the bit. The pressureexerted by the drilling mud at any depth is related directly to its
density. in this lab we putted the mud in to the mud balance to balance the mud and ready
the weight of the mud and then to measure the density of mud

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1.9 – references
www.slideshare.com/mud balance experiment.
https://www.google.iq/#q=introduction+to+mud+density.