How to be certified construction products manufacturer according to international standards and Qatar standards (QCS -2014 ), The subject about the construction industry and criteria to be certified (ready mix concrete,etc.) manufacturer.
How to be certified construction products manufacturer according to international standards and Qatar standards (QCS -2014 ), The subject about the construction industry and criteria to be certified (ready mix concrete,etc.) manufacturer.
This document summarizes research on the effect of 3D printed surface roughness on film cooling effectiveness. Experiments were conducted by manufacturing film cooling holes using different 3D printing techniques that resulted in varying surface roughness. Results showed major differences in film cooling effectiveness and span-averaged results between the 3D printed coupons compared to a standard CNC machined part due to increased surface roughness. Rougher surfaces delayed coolant separation in the holes and showed higher effectiveness at high blowing ratios, likely due to film diffusion preventing penetration into the mainstream flow. Further work is needed to understand the impact of build orientation and other manufacturing effects.
The document discusses the development of the Superpave asphalt pavement mix design system. It describes how the Strategic Highway Research Program from 1989-1993 invested $150 million, including $50 million to improve asphalt mix design. The Superpave system introduced a two-level mix design approach involving volumetric mix design specifications at Level 1 and performance testing of rutting, fatigue, and low-temperature cracking at Level 2. Over time, revisions have been made to reduce compaction levels, allow for increased reclaimed asphalt, and incorporate warm mix asphalt and additional performance tests.
Design of experiments using Moldflow Analysis.Nilesh Nevrekar
The document discusses using Design of Experiments (DOE) in Moldflow to analyze injection molding processes. It describes different types of DOE analyses including Taguchi screening analysis, factorial analysis, and Taguchi followed by factorial analysis. Input parameters for DOE in Moldflow include mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time, and others. Reasons to perform DOE include optimizing part thickness and cycle time. The document provides steps to conduct each type of analysis and interpret their results.
This document discusses assessing cutting fluid as a key parameter in evaluating surface finish for CNC turning operations. It begins with an abstract that outlines exploring tool-workpiece combinations of HCHCr material with cemented carbide and CBN tools. Statistical analysis methods like ANOVA, DOE and regression will be used to identify optimal machining parameters. Experimental validation will then be conducted to evaluate the determined parameters. A literature review covers previous research on optimizing surface roughness in turning. The problem statement identifies that variation in speed, feed, depth of cut and coolant type influence material removal rate and surface roughness. The objectives are to determine optimal values for these parameters to achieve desired surface finish with satisfactory material removal. The methodology will use analytical and physical
This document provides a preface and overview for a textbook on petroleum production engineering. It discusses how modern computer technologies have revolutionized the petroleum industry and motivated the authors to write this textbook. The textbook is intended to provide production engineers with guidelines for designing, analyzing, and optimizing petroleum production systems using computer-assisted approaches. It covers topics like well performance, artificial lift methods, and production enhancement techniques across 18 chapters in 4 parts. The preface provides details on the intended audience, topics covered, and goals of presenting engineering principles through examples and companion computer programs.
Farhad Orak presented research on optimizing production from a field in South Pars gas field using nodal analysis and multilateral well design. The field contains four producing gas layers separated by anhydrite layers in a reservoir 400 meters thick. Conventional wells risk water coning issues on the flanks where lower layers are water-filled. The study models a dual opposed multilateral well using nodal analysis, finding production could be optimized to 114 million standard cubic feet per day by increasing tubing size to 6.18 inches, setting wellhead pressure to 2000 psi, assuming 5% water cut and a skin factor of +1. Recommendations include further investigating horizontal branch length and angle to increase reservoir exposure and controlling production
Production Optimization using nodal analysis. The nodal systems analysis approach is a very flexible method
that can be used to improve the performance of many well
systems. The nodal systems analysis approach may be used to analyze
many producing oil and gas well problems. The procedure can
be applied to both flowing and artificial
2008 IFAC World Congress: Oil and gas production optimization - lost potentia...Steinar Elgsæter
The information content in measurements of offshore oil and gas production is often low, and when a production model is fitted to such data, uncertainty may result. If production is optimized with an uncertain model, some potential production profit may be lost. The costs and risks of introducing additional excitation are typically large and cannot be justified unless the potential increase in profits are quantified. In previous work it is discussed how bootstrapping can be used to estimate uncertainty resulting from fitting production models to data with low information content. In this paper we propose how lost potential resulting from estimated uncertainty can be estimated using Monte-Carlo analysis. Based on a conservative formulation of the production optimization problem, a potential for production optimization in excess of 2% and lost potential due to the form of uncertainty considered in excess of 0.5% was identified using field data from a North Sea field.
This document summarizes research on the effect of 3D printed surface roughness on film cooling effectiveness. Experiments were conducted by manufacturing film cooling holes using different 3D printing techniques that resulted in varying surface roughness. Results showed major differences in film cooling effectiveness and span-averaged results between the 3D printed coupons compared to a standard CNC machined part due to increased surface roughness. Rougher surfaces delayed coolant separation in the holes and showed higher effectiveness at high blowing ratios, likely due to film diffusion preventing penetration into the mainstream flow. Further work is needed to understand the impact of build orientation and other manufacturing effects.
The document discusses the development of the Superpave asphalt pavement mix design system. It describes how the Strategic Highway Research Program from 1989-1993 invested $150 million, including $50 million to improve asphalt mix design. The Superpave system introduced a two-level mix design approach involving volumetric mix design specifications at Level 1 and performance testing of rutting, fatigue, and low-temperature cracking at Level 2. Over time, revisions have been made to reduce compaction levels, allow for increased reclaimed asphalt, and incorporate warm mix asphalt and additional performance tests.
Design of experiments using Moldflow Analysis.Nilesh Nevrekar
The document discusses using Design of Experiments (DOE) in Moldflow to analyze injection molding processes. It describes different types of DOE analyses including Taguchi screening analysis, factorial analysis, and Taguchi followed by factorial analysis. Input parameters for DOE in Moldflow include mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time, and others. Reasons to perform DOE include optimizing part thickness and cycle time. The document provides steps to conduct each type of analysis and interpret their results.
This document discusses assessing cutting fluid as a key parameter in evaluating surface finish for CNC turning operations. It begins with an abstract that outlines exploring tool-workpiece combinations of HCHCr material with cemented carbide and CBN tools. Statistical analysis methods like ANOVA, DOE and regression will be used to identify optimal machining parameters. Experimental validation will then be conducted to evaluate the determined parameters. A literature review covers previous research on optimizing surface roughness in turning. The problem statement identifies that variation in speed, feed, depth of cut and coolant type influence material removal rate and surface roughness. The objectives are to determine optimal values for these parameters to achieve desired surface finish with satisfactory material removal. The methodology will use analytical and physical
This document provides a preface and overview for a textbook on petroleum production engineering. It discusses how modern computer technologies have revolutionized the petroleum industry and motivated the authors to write this textbook. The textbook is intended to provide production engineers with guidelines for designing, analyzing, and optimizing petroleum production systems using computer-assisted approaches. It covers topics like well performance, artificial lift methods, and production enhancement techniques across 18 chapters in 4 parts. The preface provides details on the intended audience, topics covered, and goals of presenting engineering principles through examples and companion computer programs.
Farhad Orak presented research on optimizing production from a field in South Pars gas field using nodal analysis and multilateral well design. The field contains four producing gas layers separated by anhydrite layers in a reservoir 400 meters thick. Conventional wells risk water coning issues on the flanks where lower layers are water-filled. The study models a dual opposed multilateral well using nodal analysis, finding production could be optimized to 114 million standard cubic feet per day by increasing tubing size to 6.18 inches, setting wellhead pressure to 2000 psi, assuming 5% water cut and a skin factor of +1. Recommendations include further investigating horizontal branch length and angle to increase reservoir exposure and controlling production
Production Optimization using nodal analysis. The nodal systems analysis approach is a very flexible method
that can be used to improve the performance of many well
systems. The nodal systems analysis approach may be used to analyze
many producing oil and gas well problems. The procedure can
be applied to both flowing and artificial
2008 IFAC World Congress: Oil and gas production optimization - lost potentia...Steinar Elgsæter
The information content in measurements of offshore oil and gas production is often low, and when a production model is fitted to such data, uncertainty may result. If production is optimized with an uncertain model, some potential production profit may be lost. The costs and risks of introducing additional excitation are typically large and cannot be justified unless the potential increase in profits are quantified. In previous work it is discussed how bootstrapping can be used to estimate uncertainty resulting from fitting production models to data with low information content. In this paper we propose how lost potential resulting from estimated uncertainty can be estimated using Monte-Carlo analysis. Based on a conservative formulation of the production optimization problem, a potential for production optimization in excess of 2% and lost potential due to the form of uncertainty considered in excess of 0.5% was identified using field data from a North Sea field.
This document provides a summary of a reservoir study and mass balance determination for the Chergui reservoir using modeling software and spreadsheets. It includes:
- An overview of the geological context and wells of the Chergui field located offshore Sfax, Tunisia.
- Well modeling of 5 wells in the reservoir using Prosper software to generate production curves.
- Reservoir modeling of two zones (Tanks 32 and 38) using MBAL software and spreadsheets to history match and forecast production.
- Total system modeling from the reservoir to separators using GAP software to predict the overall production rate from the fields and ensure contract minimums are met.
- A conclusion that the minimum gas rate required by contract will
Project Objectives:
To build a representative network model for one OGM(Oil Gathering Manifold) in H Field consists of 4 wells using PIPESIM software.
To match the network model with the field data.
To display & analyze the results after building the model.
The document outlines objectives and constraints for improving a test rig to quantify wear rates. The objectives are to meet industry standards, accurately measure material removed over time, produce consistent manual and automated test results, and lower post-processing costs. The constraints include staying within budget and completing the project by a deadline. Modifications to the existing rig included organizing electrical systems, improving alignment, calibrating sensors, automating controls, and improving durability. The improved rig will be used to evaluate different surface treatments and determine which provides the best wear resistance.
Nodal Analysis introduction to inflow and outflow performance - nextgusgon
This document discusses nodal analysis concepts for analyzing inflow and outflow performance in fluid systems. It introduces key terms like nodal analysis, inflow, outflow, upstream and downstream components, and graphical solutions. It provides an example problem calculating system capacity and the impact of changing pipe diameters. It also covers topics like single-phase and multiphase fluid flow, flow regimes, flow patterns, and calculating pressure drops and flow performance in pipes.
This presentation summarises a basic Computational Fluid Dynamics project that analyses aerodynamic flow over a Formula rear wing, and goes on to analyse a slotted rear wing solution, which is commonly used for efficient wing performance.
The document summarizes the design of a heated driveway slab that uses a hydronic system to prevent snow and ice accumulation. Key aspects of the design include a parallel piping network embedded in the concrete slab and connected to a heat exchanger, propylene glycol as the heat transfer fluid, and structural and thermal analyses to ensure the slab can withstand vehicle loads while maintaining adequate surface temperature. The system is estimated to have initial and operating costs that are competitive with existing electric heating systems over a 3 year period.
Experimental Investigation of Multi-Pass, Welding Current & Arc Travel Speed ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation into the effects of multiple welding parameters on the mechanical properties of welded AISI 1020 steel joints. Specifically, it examines the influence of number of welding passes, welding current, and arc travel speed on the ultimate tensile strength and toughness of the welds. An L9 orthogonal array design of experiments was used to test combinations of the three parameters, each at three levels. Tensile and impact tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. Signal-to-noise ratios and ANOVA analysis indicated that number of passes had the greatest influence on both properties, followed by welding current and arc speed. Optimum parameters were identified and verified to maximize strength and toughness.
This paper deals with the numerical analysis of 3d model of a cold store of dimensions 4. 5 m (L) x 3.3 m (W) x 2.5 m (H),which is developed to study the effects of design parameters on flow and temperature fields within the cold store. The variation in numb er of inlets,position of inlet s and stacking methodology affect flow and temperature fields within the cold store. Results of CFD simulation indicated the optimum position of the in lets,number of inlets and stacking methodology required to have uniform flow and temperature field within the cold store. It also proved that CFD is a convenient tool for designing and optimizing the flow field in the cold store.
1. The document discusses fatigue analysis of a subsea cladded vessel using the fe-safe software. Finite element models of the vessel were created to analyze residual stresses from welding and hydrotesting.
2. Fatigue life predictions using fe-safe were compared to ASME calculations and showed good agreement. Residual stresses from hydrotesting increased the predicted high cycle fatigue life.
3. Extending the analysis to model the cladding process using Abaqus Weld Interface was proposed to provide more accurate residual stress inputs for fatigue analysis.
Case Study On Metal To Plastic Substitution OpmNilesh Nevrekar
This case study describes the process of redesigning a metal component for a water treatment system out of plastic. The objectives were to reduce costs through plastic injection molding while meeting structural and pressure requirements. Engineers redesigned the component, selected reinforced PA-12 plastic, optimized the design for manufacturability through moldflow analysis. They addressed challenges like porosity and sink marks through experimentation and process control. This improved quality and reduced costs compared to the metal component.
Analysis of Surface Thermal Behavior of Work Rolls In Hot Rolling Process for...IRJET Journal
This document discusses analysis of the surface thermal behavior of work rolls in the hot rolling process using different cooling techniques. It presents a literature review on work roll analysis and jet impingement heat transfer analysis from previous research. The study aims to model and analyze the temperature distribution of work roll surfaces under cooling with a hose pipe and nozzle using ANSYS simulation software. The results show more uniform temperature distribution throughout the roller volume of 60-70°C when using a nozzle compared to 105°C at the bite region cooling with a hose pipe. Uniform cooling with a nozzle reduces thermal stresses and increases the roller life.
This presentation discusses the use of simulated distillation by gas chromatography. The study evaluates a new SimDist software, LabSolutions, by Shimadzu Scientific Instruments. For more information, go to www.ssi.shimadzu.com and follow Shimadzu on Twitter @Shimadzussi
Structural design and economic evaluation of roller compacted concrete pavementSalih Taner YILDIRIM
Abut, Y., & Yildirim, S. T. (2017, October). Structural design and economic evaluation of roller compacted concrete pavement with recycled aggregates. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 245, No. 2, p. 022064). IOP Publishing.
This document describes a study comparing two methods for determining distillation yield curves in heavy crude oils: ASTM D-5307 simulated distillation using gas chromatography (SIMDIS GC) and ASTM D-2892 physical distillation. The researchers found large uncertainties using ASTM D-5307 and made some improvements. They analyzed Mexican Istmo and Maya crude oil samples using both methods, finding good agreement between the results. The statistical analysis supported SIMDIS GC as a good alternative for measuring distillation curves in heavy crude oils.
Presentation by Maged Armanuse, Branch Chief, METS, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), on recent revisions to the HWTT (AASHTO T324) test. Presentation delivered on Nov. 6, 2019 at the California Asphalt Pavement Association Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference in Sacramento, Calif.
A Review on Investigation of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger For Different Para...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on shell and tube heat exchangers. It discusses how researchers have studied different parameters like tube geometry, baffle arrangement, fluid types, and modeling/simulation methods. The document outlines studies on modifying tube designs with different geometries or diameters. It also reviews work on changing baffle configurations, reducing leakage flows, and comparing performance between fluids. Researchers have developed models using tools like ANSYS, Fluent and MATLAB to simulate performance. Overall the document provides an overview of past work analyzing factors that influence the design and operation of shell and tube heat exchangers.
Mineral processing plant design and optimisation Basdew Rooplal
This document discusses the design and optimization of mineral processing plants. It provides an overview of the general procedures for plant design which include ore testing, process definition, flowsheet design, simulation, and commissioning. Flowsheet design is a crucial step and involves arranging equipment and interconnections to achieve the goals specified in the design criteria. Plant simulations can be used throughout the design process to test flowsheets, size equipment, and estimate capital costs. Overall simulations and ongoing optimization are important for improving plant performance and minimizing costs over the life of the operation.
The document evaluates options for wellhead compression for mature gas wells producing below 200 psi. It considers reciprocating and screw compressor options. The key decision criteria are capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, fuel availability, reliability, and efficiency. For a sample application of 500 MCFD at 15-75 psi, a dual reciprocating two-piece model was found to have the best cost-value ratio.
Experimental Investigation and Parametric Studies of Surface Roughness Analy...IJMER
The modern machining industries are focused on achieving high quality, in terms of part/component accuracy, surface finish, high production rate and increase in product life. Surface roughness of machined components has received serious attention of researchers for many years. It has
been an important design feature and quality measure in machining process. There are a large number of
parameters which affect the surface roughness. The typical controllable parameters for the CNC machines
include cutting tool variables, work piece material variables, cutting conditions etc. The desired output is
surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear, etc. Optimization of machining parameters needs to
determine the most significant parameter for required output. Many techniques are used for optimization
of machining parameters including Taguchi, RSM and ANOVA approach to determine most significant
parameter. The present work is therefore in a direction to integrate effect of various parameters which affect
the surface roughness. This paper investigates the parameters affecting the surface roughness and / or
material removal rate with CNC turning process studied by researchers. It also discusses some other parameters such as cutting force and power consumption in different conditions
1st NENALAB Meeting_Item 32: Preparing material for Internal Quality Control ...Soils FAO-GSP
This document provides guidelines for preparing internal quality control samples, including:
1) Sourcing representative bulk material to reflect the range of values commonly tested, preparing the material by drying, sieving, and mixing it thoroughly, then subdividing and packaging it in inert containers.
2) Assessing the homogeneity by analyzing duplicate samples from multiple containers and ensuring the standard deviation is less than 5%.
3) Clearly labeling the samples with descriptions, dates, reference numbers, and unit sizes for identification and storage at 5-30 degrees C with mixing before use.
4) Analyzing duplicate samples and their ranges to test for homogeneity.
This is in continuation to my previous post (walk through-piping).
Generally, when we talk about Pipe stress analysis basics, we tend to quickly jump to Failure theories, B31.3, Caesar II, Static & Dynamic, offshore /onshore, jacketed piping etc.
Walk through Pipe stress is to ease into piping stress world with its polite introduction to curious techies, without having hold on Forces/moments/displacement equations.
Pipe Stress Analysis Basics will be taken next.
regards
Ashish
This document provides a summary of a reservoir study and mass balance determination for the Chergui reservoir using modeling software and spreadsheets. It includes:
- An overview of the geological context and wells of the Chergui field located offshore Sfax, Tunisia.
- Well modeling of 5 wells in the reservoir using Prosper software to generate production curves.
- Reservoir modeling of two zones (Tanks 32 and 38) using MBAL software and spreadsheets to history match and forecast production.
- Total system modeling from the reservoir to separators using GAP software to predict the overall production rate from the fields and ensure contract minimums are met.
- A conclusion that the minimum gas rate required by contract will
Project Objectives:
To build a representative network model for one OGM(Oil Gathering Manifold) in H Field consists of 4 wells using PIPESIM software.
To match the network model with the field data.
To display & analyze the results after building the model.
The document outlines objectives and constraints for improving a test rig to quantify wear rates. The objectives are to meet industry standards, accurately measure material removed over time, produce consistent manual and automated test results, and lower post-processing costs. The constraints include staying within budget and completing the project by a deadline. Modifications to the existing rig included organizing electrical systems, improving alignment, calibrating sensors, automating controls, and improving durability. The improved rig will be used to evaluate different surface treatments and determine which provides the best wear resistance.
Nodal Analysis introduction to inflow and outflow performance - nextgusgon
This document discusses nodal analysis concepts for analyzing inflow and outflow performance in fluid systems. It introduces key terms like nodal analysis, inflow, outflow, upstream and downstream components, and graphical solutions. It provides an example problem calculating system capacity and the impact of changing pipe diameters. It also covers topics like single-phase and multiphase fluid flow, flow regimes, flow patterns, and calculating pressure drops and flow performance in pipes.
This presentation summarises a basic Computational Fluid Dynamics project that analyses aerodynamic flow over a Formula rear wing, and goes on to analyse a slotted rear wing solution, which is commonly used for efficient wing performance.
The document summarizes the design of a heated driveway slab that uses a hydronic system to prevent snow and ice accumulation. Key aspects of the design include a parallel piping network embedded in the concrete slab and connected to a heat exchanger, propylene glycol as the heat transfer fluid, and structural and thermal analyses to ensure the slab can withstand vehicle loads while maintaining adequate surface temperature. The system is estimated to have initial and operating costs that are competitive with existing electric heating systems over a 3 year period.
Experimental Investigation of Multi-Pass, Welding Current & Arc Travel Speed ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation into the effects of multiple welding parameters on the mechanical properties of welded AISI 1020 steel joints. Specifically, it examines the influence of number of welding passes, welding current, and arc travel speed on the ultimate tensile strength and toughness of the welds. An L9 orthogonal array design of experiments was used to test combinations of the three parameters, each at three levels. Tensile and impact tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. Signal-to-noise ratios and ANOVA analysis indicated that number of passes had the greatest influence on both properties, followed by welding current and arc speed. Optimum parameters were identified and verified to maximize strength and toughness.
This paper deals with the numerical analysis of 3d model of a cold store of dimensions 4. 5 m (L) x 3.3 m (W) x 2.5 m (H),which is developed to study the effects of design parameters on flow and temperature fields within the cold store. The variation in numb er of inlets,position of inlet s and stacking methodology affect flow and temperature fields within the cold store. Results of CFD simulation indicated the optimum position of the in lets,number of inlets and stacking methodology required to have uniform flow and temperature field within the cold store. It also proved that CFD is a convenient tool for designing and optimizing the flow field in the cold store.
1. The document discusses fatigue analysis of a subsea cladded vessel using the fe-safe software. Finite element models of the vessel were created to analyze residual stresses from welding and hydrotesting.
2. Fatigue life predictions using fe-safe were compared to ASME calculations and showed good agreement. Residual stresses from hydrotesting increased the predicted high cycle fatigue life.
3. Extending the analysis to model the cladding process using Abaqus Weld Interface was proposed to provide more accurate residual stress inputs for fatigue analysis.
Case Study On Metal To Plastic Substitution OpmNilesh Nevrekar
This case study describes the process of redesigning a metal component for a water treatment system out of plastic. The objectives were to reduce costs through plastic injection molding while meeting structural and pressure requirements. Engineers redesigned the component, selected reinforced PA-12 plastic, optimized the design for manufacturability through moldflow analysis. They addressed challenges like porosity and sink marks through experimentation and process control. This improved quality and reduced costs compared to the metal component.
Analysis of Surface Thermal Behavior of Work Rolls In Hot Rolling Process for...IRJET Journal
This document discusses analysis of the surface thermal behavior of work rolls in the hot rolling process using different cooling techniques. It presents a literature review on work roll analysis and jet impingement heat transfer analysis from previous research. The study aims to model and analyze the temperature distribution of work roll surfaces under cooling with a hose pipe and nozzle using ANSYS simulation software. The results show more uniform temperature distribution throughout the roller volume of 60-70°C when using a nozzle compared to 105°C at the bite region cooling with a hose pipe. Uniform cooling with a nozzle reduces thermal stresses and increases the roller life.
This presentation discusses the use of simulated distillation by gas chromatography. The study evaluates a new SimDist software, LabSolutions, by Shimadzu Scientific Instruments. For more information, go to www.ssi.shimadzu.com and follow Shimadzu on Twitter @Shimadzussi
Structural design and economic evaluation of roller compacted concrete pavementSalih Taner YILDIRIM
Abut, Y., & Yildirim, S. T. (2017, October). Structural design and economic evaluation of roller compacted concrete pavement with recycled aggregates. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 245, No. 2, p. 022064). IOP Publishing.
This document describes a study comparing two methods for determining distillation yield curves in heavy crude oils: ASTM D-5307 simulated distillation using gas chromatography (SIMDIS GC) and ASTM D-2892 physical distillation. The researchers found large uncertainties using ASTM D-5307 and made some improvements. They analyzed Mexican Istmo and Maya crude oil samples using both methods, finding good agreement between the results. The statistical analysis supported SIMDIS GC as a good alternative for measuring distillation curves in heavy crude oils.
Presentation by Maged Armanuse, Branch Chief, METS, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), on recent revisions to the HWTT (AASHTO T324) test. Presentation delivered on Nov. 6, 2019 at the California Asphalt Pavement Association Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference in Sacramento, Calif.
A Review on Investigation of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger For Different Para...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on shell and tube heat exchangers. It discusses how researchers have studied different parameters like tube geometry, baffle arrangement, fluid types, and modeling/simulation methods. The document outlines studies on modifying tube designs with different geometries or diameters. It also reviews work on changing baffle configurations, reducing leakage flows, and comparing performance between fluids. Researchers have developed models using tools like ANSYS, Fluent and MATLAB to simulate performance. Overall the document provides an overview of past work analyzing factors that influence the design and operation of shell and tube heat exchangers.
Mineral processing plant design and optimisation Basdew Rooplal
This document discusses the design and optimization of mineral processing plants. It provides an overview of the general procedures for plant design which include ore testing, process definition, flowsheet design, simulation, and commissioning. Flowsheet design is a crucial step and involves arranging equipment and interconnections to achieve the goals specified in the design criteria. Plant simulations can be used throughout the design process to test flowsheets, size equipment, and estimate capital costs. Overall simulations and ongoing optimization are important for improving plant performance and minimizing costs over the life of the operation.
The document evaluates options for wellhead compression for mature gas wells producing below 200 psi. It considers reciprocating and screw compressor options. The key decision criteria are capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, fuel availability, reliability, and efficiency. For a sample application of 500 MCFD at 15-75 psi, a dual reciprocating two-piece model was found to have the best cost-value ratio.
Experimental Investigation and Parametric Studies of Surface Roughness Analy...IJMER
The modern machining industries are focused on achieving high quality, in terms of part/component accuracy, surface finish, high production rate and increase in product life. Surface roughness of machined components has received serious attention of researchers for many years. It has
been an important design feature and quality measure in machining process. There are a large number of
parameters which affect the surface roughness. The typical controllable parameters for the CNC machines
include cutting tool variables, work piece material variables, cutting conditions etc. The desired output is
surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear, etc. Optimization of machining parameters needs to
determine the most significant parameter for required output. Many techniques are used for optimization
of machining parameters including Taguchi, RSM and ANOVA approach to determine most significant
parameter. The present work is therefore in a direction to integrate effect of various parameters which affect
the surface roughness. This paper investigates the parameters affecting the surface roughness and / or
material removal rate with CNC turning process studied by researchers. It also discusses some other parameters such as cutting force and power consumption in different conditions
Experimental Investigation and Parametric Studies of Surface Roughness Analy...
Similar to How to be certified construction products manufacturer according to international standards and Qatar standards (QCS -2014 ), The subject about the construction industry and criteria to be certified (ready mix concrete,etc.) manufacturer.
1st NENALAB Meeting_Item 32: Preparing material for Internal Quality Control ...Soils FAO-GSP
This document provides guidelines for preparing internal quality control samples, including:
1) Sourcing representative bulk material to reflect the range of values commonly tested, preparing the material by drying, sieving, and mixing it thoroughly, then subdividing and packaging it in inert containers.
2) Assessing the homogeneity by analyzing duplicate samples from multiple containers and ensuring the standard deviation is less than 5%.
3) Clearly labeling the samples with descriptions, dates, reference numbers, and unit sizes for identification and storage at 5-30 degrees C with mixing before use.
4) Analyzing duplicate samples and their ranges to test for homogeneity.
This is in continuation to my previous post (walk through-piping).
Generally, when we talk about Pipe stress analysis basics, we tend to quickly jump to Failure theories, B31.3, Caesar II, Static & Dynamic, offshore /onshore, jacketed piping etc.
Walk through Pipe stress is to ease into piping stress world with its polite introduction to curious techies, without having hold on Forces/moments/displacement equations.
Pipe Stress Analysis Basics will be taken next.
regards
Ashish
Grey-box modeling: systems approach to water managementMoudud Hasan
This document summarizes a study that developed and evaluated a grey-box precipitation-runoff model for the Spring Creek watershed in Pennsylvania. It describes:
1) Developing three variations of a grey-box model using different approaches to account for factors like temperature, snowmelt, and evapotranspiration.
2) Calibrating the models and evaluating their performance against observed flow data using statistical metrics.
3) Comparing the best-performing grey-box model (Model 3) to a white-box SWAT model, finding they both performed acceptably with some differences.
4) Analyzing the uncertainty of the grey-box model using low flow values.
Timber:
Introduction
Sampling & Acceptance Criterion
Code of Practice and Guidelines
Structural Steel:
Introduction
Sampling & Acceptance Criterion
Code of Practice and Guidelines
Item 3. Internal quality control - How to prepare and use internal quality co...Soils FAO-GSP
This document provides guidance on preparing internal quality control samples for soil testing laboratories. It describes sourcing representative bulk soil materials, preparing homogeneous subsamples, assessing homogeneity through statistical analysis of results, assigning values, stability testing, labeling, documentation, and storage procedures. The goal is to have quality control materials that monitor the test method performance over time and allow method validation and inter-laboratory comparisons. Statistical analysis of results from multiple containers using techniques like standard deviation are recommended to evaluate homogeneity.
4th SEALNET meeting, item 8: Training on internal quality control - Preparing...Soils FAO-GSP
How to prepare and use internal quality control soil samples - Rob De Hayr, GLOSOLAN Vice-Chair
4th Asian Soil Laboratory Network (SEALNET) meeting (online), 30 June - 2 July 2020
New Rulemakings: What Can We Expect - Gary Krichaunacetwincities
The final rule expands requirements for gas transmission pipelines related to in-line inspections, records documentation, MAOP reconfirmation, and integrity assessments. Key aspects include incorporating new in-line inspection standards, requiring records of additional material properties, expanding the definition of moderate consequence areas, and outlining six methods for operators to reconfirm MAOP. The rule is expected to drive the need for additional in-line inspections, material verification testing, engineering analyses, and planned pressure test or assessment work over the next 15 years to meet reconfirmation deadlines. Additional rulemakings are anticipated to address repair criteria, corrosion control, and other integrity management topics.
This webinar discussed determining conformance to steel profile, surface roughness, and peak count requirements according to industry standards and a proposed SSPC standard. It reviewed the standards for measurement, described common instruments like visual comparators, depth micrometers, replica tape, and stylus instruments. It also covered the proposed SSPC standard's requirements for number of measurement locations, reporting, and conformance assessment. The presentation aimed to enable understanding of measurement procedures and evaluating conformance to specifications.
This document summarizes a study evaluating different multistage hydraulic fracturing patterns in naturally fractured reservoirs using a coupled geomechanics fracture and flow model. The study models three fracturing patterns - conventional, zipper, and alternating - in a field case with multiple horizontal wells. Simulation results show the zipper pattern provides the highest long-term production rates and cumulative oil volume over 20 years compared to the other patterns. The zipper pattern is recommended as the optimal completion strategy for this type of reservoir.
A drill stem test (DST) is used to test characteristics of a newly drilled well while the drilling rig is still on site. It can provide estimates of permeability, reservoir pressure, fluid types, wellbore damage, barriers and fluid contacts. There are three main methods to analyze DST data: Horner's plot method, type curve matching method, and computer matching. Type curve matching involves matching pressure change over time data from the DST to standard type curves to determine properties like permeability and skin factor. Gringarten type curves are commonly used and account for variations in pressure over time based on reservoir-well configurations.
1. Purpose of Hydro test.
2. Types of Pressure Test.
3. Procedure of Hydro test.
4. Limitations of Pneumatic Test.
5. Hydro testing test Pressure.
6. Test pressure subjected to external pressure.
7. Hydro test Pressure according to different process.
8. Volume required for the Hydro testing.
9. Pipeline De watering, Cleaning & Drying.
Piping systems experience various loads that can cause stresses and damage if not properly managed. Pipe stress analysis ensures stresses, equipment loads, and displacements are within safe limits to maintain structural integrity over the piping system's design life. The analysis involves modeling the piping system, applying load cases for different conditions, analyzing stresses and loads, adding supports as needed, and producing a report with results and annexures to verify structural integrity.
Making and curing concrete test specimens in theFarrukh Khan
This document provides guidance on making and curing concrete test specimens in the field according to ASTM C 31/C 31M. It describes why test specimens are made, including for acceptance testing of specified strength, checking mixture proportions, and quality control. The key steps covered are: making specimens using molds, consolidating the concrete through rodding and vibration, finishing, initial curing within 48 hours at 16-27°C, final curing by maintaining moisture on the surface at 23°C, and transporting specimens only after 8 hours without jarring or temperature extremes to prevent damage.
This document discusses the split tensile strength test for concrete. It begins by explaining that the split tensile strength test is an indirect method for determining the tensile strength of concrete using cylindrical specimens. It then describes the procedure for the test, which involves placing a cylinder between loading plates and applying an increasing load until failure. The maximum load at failure is used to calculate the splitting tensile strength of the concrete. The document provides details on specimen preparation, curing, testing apparatus, and calculations.
Creep and fatigue are long-term mechanical properties that determine how materials perform under constant mechanical stress or repeated loading over time. Creep is the slow deformation of a material under a constant load, while fatigue is the failure of mechanical properties from repeated stress or strain. Testing these properties provides critical data for designing plastic components used in applications with long-term or cyclic loading, such as those subjected to constant stress, fluctuating temperatures, or repeated flexing. Standard tests measure things like creep strain over time under tension or flexure and fatigue life through the number of cycles before failure under various stress levels and conditions. The test data can be used to characterize materials and ensure dimensional stability and lifespan of parts in their intended applications.
This document provides guidance on procedures for inspecting and sampling fine and coarse aggregates. It discusses necessary testing equipment for the laboratory, proper sampling techniques, reducing samples to a test size, and methods for various aggregate tests. The document is organized into chapters covering topics like sampling, sample reduction, testing methods, aggregate specifications, and test method verification requirements. Appendices provide details on specific Indiana and AASHTO test methods.
Element Materials Technology Hitchin - O&G ServicesWilliam Barnes
Element Hitchin is a specialist in materials testing and research for the oil and gas sector. It was founded in 1986 and acquired by Element in 2012. It has 40,000 square feet of lab space across three buildings and 50 employees. It provides materials and product testing, finite element analysis, and consultancy services to international clients, focusing on polymers, elastomers, thermoplastics, adhesives, and composites. Its core competencies include service-relevant testing, life prediction modeling, technical audits, training, and conferences. It has extensive high pressure high temperature testing capabilities under sweet, sour, and permeation conditions.
VTU CBCS SCHEME Concrete Technology. Tests on Harden ConcreteSachin dyavappanavar
1) The document discusses various destructive and non-destructive tests used to evaluate the properties of hardened concrete, including compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, rebound hammer, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests.
2) Compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength tests are conducted by applying loads to concrete specimens to failure.
3) Non-destructive tests like rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity provide indications of concrete strength without damaging specimens.
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
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Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
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Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
How to be certified construction products manufacturer according to international standards and Qatar standards (QCS -2014 ), The subject about the construction industry and criteria to be certified (ready mix concrete,etc.) manufacturer.
1. Eng. Adel Al- Baghdady
Quality and Conformity
Qatar General Organization For Standardization
4. •Internal calibrations (sieves ,molds, cones)
•External calibrations (Balances, machines)
•Tanks (3 Nos for N.M ,5 Nos for D.M)
•How to control the temperature (thermometers)
•Internal frequency tests
•External frequency tests
•QA plan
•Traceability (printer)
5.
6. •Locations of the Project where each mix design is to be used
•Type of cement
•Max. aggregate size
•Target slump/slump flow
•Details of calculated water/ Cementitious material (w/c) ratio
1-General
Information's
7. •SOURCE AND Specific gravity of all individual materials
•Quantities of all individual materials (S.S.D) Kg/m³
•Water absorption of materials BY ( %)
•Oven Dry Weight of materials
•TOTAL VOLUME (L/m³) = 1000
• Durability Criteria QCS 2014 Table 6.1 C if required (Exposure
Condition, Durability Level )
2-Concrete Mix
Proportions
8. •All In Aggregates Grading ( BS EN 12620,
PD 6682: 1 2009 & QCS 2010 Section 5
Part 2
•Combined grading curve for aggregates
3-Combined
grading
for aggregate
9. •Locations of the Project where each mix design is to be used
•Type of cement
•Max. aggregate size, quantities of batch ,time
•Target slump/slump flow
•Details of calculated water/ Cementitious material (w/c) ratio
•Compressive strength grade
•Batch weight of all individual materials
4-delivery ticket
(print out)
10. •Casting date ,Project name
•Compressive strength grade
•Nos of specimens at ( 7 days and 28 days)
•Test results
5-Strength test
reports
11. •determine the correction factor between cube strength and
cylinder strength
•shall establish at least 30 consecutive strength tests from each
proposed mix
•Required average compressive strength
•Target Mean Strength, N/mm2 or MPa
•Specified compressive strength, N/mm2 or MPa
•concrete production facility have field strength test records history
or does not have (new plant )
6-Statistical
calculation
analysis
12. •determine the correction factor between cube strength and
cylinder strength
•shall establish at least 30 consecutive strength tests from each
proposed mix
•Required average compressive strength
•Target Mean Strength, N/mm2 or MPa
•Specified compressive strength, N/mm2 or MPa
•concrete production facility have field strength test records history
or does not have (new plant )
6-Statistical
calculation
analysis
13. •determine the correction factor between cube strength and
cylinder strength
•shall establish at least 30 consecutive strength tests from each
proposed mix
•Required average compressive strength
•Target Mean Strength, N/mm2 or MPa
•Specified compressive strength, N/mm2 or MPa
•concrete production facility have field strength test records history
or does not have (new plant )
•The Contractor shall draw the upper and lower lines for warning line
(average + 2 x standard deviation) and control line (average + 3 x
standard deviation)
6-Statistical
calculation
analysis
14. •Physical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties for all material.
•Aggregates ( fine & coarse )
•Cementitious material
•Water
4-APPROVED
MATERIAL
SOURCES
15. •shall be capable of satisfactorily reading, understanding and
implementing the specification as required.
•Shall be certified.
•shall be qualified for inspecting concrete ready mix plants and
testing laboratories
5-QUALIFIED
STAFF
16. Thank You
-If you complete all previous topics
you will be certified