On 4 and 6 December 2017, in Buenos Aires and Rosario, Argentina, two conferences entitled “Commercial Refrigeration: Experiences on new Low-GWP Technological Alternatives”, were held with the focus on the debate between speakers and the audiences on the future trends in commercial refrigeration. The conferences have been organised by the United Nations Industrial Development Agency (UNIDO) and Centro Studi Galileo in collaboration with the Argentinian Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development and the Italian Ministry of the Environment. CAREL participated at the two conferences with a presentation entitled “Energy saving technologies for alternative refrigerant-based systems” by Miriam Solana, HVAC/R Engineer at our Knowledge Centre. The presentation will give an overview of the current scenario in the refrigeration sector, with a focus on the technologies that can be used to face the challenges dictated by the request for much lower GWP refrigerants, with lower energy consumption.

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Energy saving technologies
for alternative refrigerant-
based systems
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Miriam Solana Ciprés
4-6 December 2017

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Summary
1. CAREL in a snapshot
2. Refrigerant and energy efficiency scenario
3. Technologies
4. Application examples

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1. CAREL in a snapshot

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We lead the evolution of control technology and humidification
for air conditioning & refrigeration.
Our products support customers with the most efficient
energy savings solutions.
Data-driven services through our IoT platform
grant personalised value.

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2. Refrigerant and energy efficiency
scenario

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1987 Montreal Protocol
ODP Refrigerants
“Perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date!!”
(Kofi Annan, former United Nations Secretary-General )
CFC, HCFC
(R-22, R-12)
HFC
(R-404A, R-507)

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2016 Kigali Amendment
High GWP Refrigerants
HFC
(R-404A, R-507)
HFO
(R-1234yf)
Naturals
(CO2, propane)
More that 20 countries have ratified/accepted/
Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol
01/01/2019

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2016 Kigali Amendment
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015
2018
2021
2024
2027
2030
2033
2036
2039
2042
2045
2048
2051
EU F-gas Regulation
A2 Parties earlier start
A2 Parties later start
A5 Parties Group 1
A5 Parties Group 2

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2016 Kigali Amendment
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015
2018
2021
2024
2027
2030
2033
2036
2039
2042
2045
2048
2051
EU F-gas Regulation
A2 Parties earlier start
A2 Parties later start
A5 Parties Group 1
A5 Parties Group 2

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2017 F-gas consequences
Increasing of prices
Decreasing of availability Source: European Comission,
Öko-Recherche

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2017 F-gas consequences
Increasing of prices
Decreasing of availability Source: European Comission,
Öko-Recherche
R-404A
+230%!!!

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2017 Argentina
0
5
10
15
20
25
R-744
(CO2)
R-134a R-404A R-22 R-507
Relativepricewithrespectto
CO2price
Argentina
Europe
Argentina prices source: Agustin Maranca, Atmosphere Iberica, 24/10/2017
Europe prices source: Rivoira list updated on 03/10/2017

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2017 Refrigeration trends
• Isobutane
• Propane
• Propane • R-448A, R-449A
(retrofit)
• CO2 (new)
• Ammonia
Domestic
units
Beverage coolers
and plug-in units
Supermarkets and
convenience stores
Industrial
refrigeration

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Ecodesign and Energy Labelling
Ecodesign:
Approach to design a product
taking into account the
environmental impacts during
the whole of its life cycle, but not
lowering its functionality, safety,
affordability or impact on consumer
health.
Energy label:
It shows how an appliance ranks
on a scale from A to G according to
its energy consumption.

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Ecodesign: condensing units
2.25
2.35
2.55
2.65
1.5 1.6
1.6
1.7
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 10 20 30 40 50
MinimumSEPR
Rated cooling capacity (kW)
MEDIUM T: July 2016
MEDIUM T: July 2018
LOW T: July 2016
LOW T: July 2018

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Ecodesign: condensing units
2.25
2.35
2.55
2.65
1.5 1.6
1.6
1.7
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 10 20 30 40 50
MinimumSEPR
Rated cooling capacity (kW)
MEDIUM T: July 2016
MEDIUM T: July 2018
LOW T: July 2016
LOW T: July 2018SEPR:
Seasonal
Energy
Performance
Ratio

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Ecodesign: seasonal efficiency
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-19 -15 -11 -7 -3 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37
Time(h/year)
Temperature (°C)
BIN*: hours per
year at which an
ambient
temperature occurs
*The bin of Strassbourg is used based on ASHRAE 2009 climate data

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Ecodesign: seasonal efficiency
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-19 -15 -11 -7 -3 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37
Time(h/year)
Temperature (°C)
A
B
C
D
BIN*: hours per
year at which an
ambient
temperature occurs
*The bin of Strassbourg is used based on ASHRAE 2009 climate data
In practice, the cooling
capacity and the
refrigeration demand are
measured at 4 different
temperatures: A, B, C, D.
For the other
temperatures: linear
interpolation.

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DOE: energy efficient standards
New energy efficient standards for commercial refrigeration equipment
from March 17th, 2017!
This rule would avoid approximately 142 million metric tons of carbon
dioxide emissions, equivalent to the annual greenhouse gas emissions
of 27 million automobiles.

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DOE: pull-down cabinets
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 20 40 60 80 100
Maximumenergyconsumption
(kWh/day)
Volume of the case (ft3)
SC.M (2017): 0.11V+0.81
SC.M (baseline): 0.126V+3.51

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3. Technologies

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Electronic Expansion
Valve
Variable capacity
compressors and drive
Supervisory systems with
energy saving functions
Ejector Evaporative cooling Control systems with
energy saving functions
Energy saving technologies

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Electronic expansion valve
Up to 40 kW
Up to 180 kW
Up to 280 kW
Up to 700 kW
Up to 1300 kW
Up to 2000 kW

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Electronic expansion valve
SH
set
Regulation temp.
ADAPTIVE
WORKING
CONDITION
To optimise the
use of energy
and keep a
stable product
temperature
Electronic
Expansion Valves,
stepper motor
valves driven by
intelligent showcase
controllers

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Electronic expansion valve

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Ejector
Continuous modulation which
via dedicated control algorithms

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Ejector

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Variable capacity compressors
ON-OFF cycling is not efficient as
the refrigeration circuit needs time
to reach the nominal efficiency.
This area represents the increase of
efficiency at part load.
A refrigeration application is
working for the largest part of the
time at partial load.
Permanent magnet variable capacity compressors
driven by intelligent DC drives (inverters)

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Evaporative cooling
The evaporative cooling system can decrease the outside
temperature perceived by the gas cooler by between 5 and 15°C.

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Evaporative cooling
Example of evaporative cooling on a chiller in a city in southern Europe

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Control systems
MT comps
gas cooler
heat reclaim
flash gas valve
ejector
LT comps
P comps
pRack features ESS Energy
Saving Suite, a group of
functions designed for
energy saving

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Control systems

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Control systems
MpxPRO Complete solution for the
management of multiplexed
refrigeration units and cold rooms

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Supervisory systems
Local Remote
Enterprise

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Supervisory systems
Supervisory system with energy saving
functions + emeter (power analyser)

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Supervisory systems: Local

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Supervisory systems: Local
Boss always in your
pocket
Responsive web pages offer the
possibility to access all boss
pages for both programming and
everyday operations using
mobile devices.

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Supervisory systems: Enterprise

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Supervisory systems: Remote

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4. Application examples

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Example: Beverage cooler
Propane
EC fans
EC fans

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Example: Convenience Store
Real time continuous energy optimization
through data communication with
refrigerated unit (MPXPRO)

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Example: Convenience Store

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Waterloop system solution
Propane
CO2
R-448A
R-410A
Example: Mid-size shop

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Example: CO2 Rack with ejector

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5. Conclusion

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