Gaurav Bali, Manager Technical Sales- Refrigeration & Retail (India), at ATMO Virtual Trade Show 2021. Ammonia is the perfect refrigerant in terms of refrigeration performance; however, safety and low charge are important for ammonia-based rack systems. Know more: natref.carel.com

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Ammonia Solution for
Indian Market
Gaurav Bali
31.03.2021

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Natural refrigerants in
commercial refrigeration
Racks Cabinets Semi plug-in
Food Service
IoT service Natural refrigerants

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Topics :
• Ammonia as Natural Refrigerant
• Benefits & Side effects of ammonia as Refrigerant
Carel Solution for Ammonia Systems
• Individual Compressors Management
• Multiple Compressor Management
• Complete management of Ammonia Refrigeration System
* HP Receiver
* Evaporative Condenser
* LP Receiver
* Liquid Ammonia Pumping
* Auto Air-Purge
* Ammonia Leakage Safety
• Management of ACUs
* Pumped Ammonia System
* Gravity-fed Ammonia system
• Control components /sensors/probes
• Supervisory Control
• Compressor remote monitoring

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AMMONIA AS NATURAL REFRIGERANT
– Ammonia was used for refrigeration in 1876, for the first time
in a vapour compression machine by Carl Von Linde
– Due to success of CFC Refrigerants Ammonia came under
pressure as refrigerant but continued to be used in large
industrial installation and project
– In 1980 due to harmful effects of CFC in Ozone Layer
Depletion & Global warming potential search for better low
GWP & ODF Refrigerants started.
– New Refrigerants as well tried & tested ammonia & Co2 are
being considered for various applications

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BENEFITS & SIDE EFFECTS OF AMMONIA AS REFRIGERANTS
• Energy Efficiency
Ammonia is one of the most energy efficient refrigerants in both Medium & Low Temperature
Applications. Flooded ammonia systems are 15%-20% more efficient compared to DX Systems
• Better Heat Transfer
As ammonia has better heat transfer propoerties the equipment size is also smaller and thus
cost would be lower. This property also helps in better thermodynamic Efficiency in the system.
• Smaller Pipe Size
In both vapor & liquid stage ammonia requires smaller dia pipescompared t o most other
refrigerants

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BENEFITS & SIDE EFFECTS OF AMMONIA AS REFRIGERANTS
• Safety
Ammonia is a toxic refrigerant and also inflammable at certain concentrations. It has odor so leaks can be
detected even in case of minor leaks in the system. Utmost care needs to be taken to handle them.
• Enviromental Impact
Ammonia is we can say the most enviroment freindly refrigerant. It has GWP & ODP equal to zero.
• Cost of Refrigerants
Cost of ammonia is very low compared to other freon Refrigerants. Thus in case of leakage recharge cost is less

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Individual Compressor Management :
• Single Stage Compressors
• Dual Stage Compressors
• Suction , Discharge , Oil , Intermediate Pressure safety management
• Suction, Discharge oil temperature measurement and safety control
• Envelope control in Screw compressors
• Alarm & Event History
• Data logging
• Remote Monitoring

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• Individual Compressor Safeties
• Booster stage 2-3 Compressor Management
• Loading/unloading based on demand/suction pressure
• Compressor Run Time equalization
• Automatic takeover by Idle/stand by Compressor in case of fault
• Equal Loading of Compressor
• Alarm & Event History
• Data logging
• Remote Monitoring
Multiple compressors Management :

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Ammonia Refrigeration System

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Complete management of Ammonia Refrigeration System
1. HP Receiver Management
• Pressure Safety
• Liquid Level Management
• Liquid Temperature
• Multiple Automatic Air Purge

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2. Evaporation Condenser Management
• Multiple Fans
• Multiple Water pumps working/Stand-by
• Fan On-off Based on water/Ambient Temp.
Complete management of Ammonia Refrigeration System

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3. LP RECIEVER
• Liquid Temperature Management
• Liquid Level Control using Level Sensor
• Working/Stand-by Ammonia Pump
Complete management of Ammonia Refrigeration
System

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Complete management of Ammonia Refrigeration System
5. Auto Air-Purge
• Eliminate the need of Refrigeration Skilled Worker
• Multipoint purger can continually function to scavenge and
remove the non Condensable Gases from the system.
• Improves system efficiency.

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Complete management of Ammonia Refrigeration System
• 6. Ammonia Leakage safety
• Connect multiple leak detector in plant room
• Detect upto 3-4 different level of leakage
• Automatic Operation of shutoff valve and Exhaust Fans
Limit of Toxicity of Ammonia
Minimum Detectable Concentration 5-10PPM
TLV-TWA Limit 25 PPM
Serious Irritation Level 250 PPM
Limit to Tolerable Breathing 500 PPM

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Management of ACUs
1. For Gravity-Fed system:
• Control of Surge Drum
• Surge drum pressure control
• Level control by Float/sensor
• Back Pressure Control

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Management of ACUs
2. Pumped Ammonia Evaporator
• Temperature Control
• Defrost Control HOTGAS/Electric/Hot Water
• Fan Control Fixed and Variable
• Ammonia leakage System Sensing/Alram

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Control Components
1. Pressure Sensor
• SS Body
2. Temperature Probe
• NTC Sensor/PT100/PT1000
3. Level Sensor
• Length of measurement 300MM

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Central Monitoring System
• Setup: centralized configuration of all the parameters for the
instruments installed, unit monitoring on commissioning;
• Daily operation: system interface, data logging, reports,
activity scheduling, automatic optimization of operation;
• Maintenance: remote access, alarm management with
automatic signals and actions.
• Layout Editor: Customized system graphics
• Site Protection
• Customized Site Calendar
• Alarm/Event History

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Connectivity with Carel Cloudgate
• CloudGate is CAREL’s new
family of IoT gateways to
enable monitoring and tERA
platform services for HVAC/R
systems with up to 10 units.
• Compact, standard
installation inside an
electrical panel and a local
LED interface with immediate
indication of communication
status make Cloudgate easy
to install in the field, without
the need for experts in
connectivity devices.
• Access Your System
• Monitoring

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OEM
INST
End User
Architecture
• Access your System
• Change the setting Via Remote
• Analyse Unit Performance
• PC access
• Mobile access
• Browser HTTPS connection

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Natref.carel.com