Speech by Miriam Solana (May 9, 2016) on the influences of new EU regulations on the Italian refrigerant industry.

1. 9 maggio 2016 / 9 May 2016
09.00 – 18.00
Hotel NH Laguna Palace
Mestre (VE)

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Overview on Refrigerants
Context:
What this all means for the industry
Mestre, 09 May 2016
Miriam Solana
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Agenda
1. F-gas: What does the Regulation say?
2. Example: plug-in cabinet
3. Example: chiller

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Agenda
1. F-gas: What does the Regulation say?
2. Example: plug-in cabinet
3. Example: chiller

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GWPODP
GLIDE ATEX
A1 B1
A2L B2L
A2 B2
A3 B3
Toxicity
Flammability
Safety standard

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Movable room air-conditioning equipment
Domestic refrigerators and freezers Refrigerators and freezers for
commercial use
Multipack centralized refrigeration
systems for commercial use

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2500
1500
750
150
Domestic refrigerators and freezers 1 January 2015
Refrigerators and freezers for commercial
use (hermetically sealed equipment)
1 January 2022
Multipack centralized refrigeration
systems for commercial use with a rated
capacity of 40 kW or more
1 January 2022
Movable room air-conditioning equipment 1 January 2020

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Single split air-conditioning systems

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2500
1500
750
150
Single split air-conditioning systems containing
less than 3 kg of fluorinated greenhouse gases
1 January 2025

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Stationary refrigeration equipment
Stationary air conditioning equipment

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2500
1500
750
150
Refrigerators and freezers for commercial use
(hermetically sealed equipment)
1 January 2020
Stationary refrigeration and air conditioning equipment
(including multipack centralized refrigeration systems for
commercial use with a rated capacity of less than 40 kW)
1 January 2020

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Tonnes of CO2-eq. per circuit Frequency of leak checking
Less than 5 (=5000 kg)
(e.g. for R-404A, GWP 3922: less than
5000/3922=1.3 kg)
Exempted
Less than 10, if hermetically sealed and
labelled as such
(e.g. for R-404A: less than 10000/3922=2.6 kg)
Exempted
5-50
(e.g. for R-404A: 1.3-13 kg)
Every 12 months (or 24 months with a
leakage detection and monitoring system).
50-500
(e.g. for R-404A: 13-130 kg)
Every 6 months (or 12 months with a
leakage detection and monitoring system).
Over 500
(e.g. for R-404A: over 130 kg)
Every 3 months (or 6 months with a leakage
detection and monitoring system).
For stationary refrigeration equipment, stationary
air conditioning equipment and stationary heat
pumps:
Leak detection system

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To be considered…
Probably increase of price of
refrigerants with high GWP:
35 € / ton of CO2-eq*
*Green Cooling Technologies: Market trends in selected refrigeration and air conditioning subsectors. G-S02-2014-en-01.
Eschborn, May 2014.

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Agenda
1. F-gas: What does the Regulation say?
2. Example: plug-in cabinet
3. Example: chiller

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Plug-in cabinet
The most used refrigerant,
R-404A (GWP=3922), will
be banned from 2020.
Refrigerators and freezers for commercial
use (hermetically sealed equipment)
HFCs with GWP≤2500 1 January 2020
HFCs with GWP≤150 1 January 2022

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Short term alternatives (GWP lower than 2500), 2020-2022:
R-410A, R-448A, R-449A, R-407A, R-407F, R-452A
The tonnes of CO2 equivalents per circuit in this application are
generally lower than 10 (e.g. 7.2 kg of R-449A):
Exempted of leak checking

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After 2022 (medium and long term), the alternatives are:
R-744 (CO2)
High pressure and the high level of technical knowledge.
R-290 (propane), R-600a (isobutane), R-600 (butane)
Flammability (A3): charge limits
E.g. for a room of 100 m3, the limits are 0.8 kg for R-290
and R-600; and 1.1 kg for R-600a. Maximum 1.5 kg.
ATEX compliance and local norms, if any.

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R-455A
No leak checking
GLIDE=12°C
Flammability (A2L): Charge limits to be defined
Other alternatives (only for medium temperature applications):
R-1234yf and R-1234ze(E)
No leak checking
Flammability (A2L): charge limits
E.g. for a room of 100 m3 the maximum charge is 6 kg per
circuit (R-1234yf); for a room of 100 m3 the maximum charge is
9 kg per circuit (R-1234ze(E)). Maximum: 11.4-14.1 kg.

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Agenda
1. F-gas: What does the Regulation say?
2. Example: plug-in cabinet
3. Example: chiller

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Chiller
Stationary refrigeration and air conditioning
equipment
(including multipack centralized refrigeration systems for
commercial use with a rated capacity of less than 40 kW)
HFCs with GWP≤2500 1 January 2020
The most used refrigerants
nowadays will still be accepted:
R-410A, R-407C
Leak checking will be necessary
if the charge is higher than 2.4
and 2.8 kg, respectively.

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Alternatives with lower GWP are:
R-32, DR-55, DR-5A, R-450A, R-513A
Leak checking from 7.4 kg for R-32 and DR-55, 10.8 kg for
DR-5A, 9.1 kg for R-450A and 7.9 kg for R-513A.
R-1234yf and R-1234ze(E) (both only for medium and high temperature)
R-290, R-600a, R-600 and R-1270
ATEX compliance and local norms, if any.
It should be noted that chillers are generally placed outside the locals.
In this case, there are no charge limits due to flammability.

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Conclusions
THERE IS NOT A PERFECT REFRIGERANT
Each case should be analyzed independently. The
design targets will be:
• GWP
• Application
• Flammability and other drawbacks
F-gas limits, leak checking
Probably increase of price

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One last point…
TEWI: Total Equivalent Warming Impact
TEWI balances:
• GWP
• Charge level
• Leakage emissions
efficiency of the refrigerant
• CO2 indirectly produced for
generating the electricity
Nowadays, the environmental impact of a refrigerant is based on its
GWP, since the current F-gas do not consider the TEWI value.
Will TEWI be taken into account in future rules?

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