The document discusses the latest technologies in air conditioning and refrigeration in the post-COVID-19 era, focusing on hygiene, sanitization, equipment, and refrigerant recovery. It highlights the importance of building automation and control systems (BACS) and techniques like evaporative cooling for energy efficiency. The findings suggest significant energy savings through modulating control algorithms and the benefits of natural cooling methods.

1. WORLD REFRIGERATION DAY
LE ULTIME TECNOLOGIE NEL CONDIZIONAMENTO E NELLA REFRIGERAZIONE AI TEMPI DEL POST COVID-19
IMPIANTI E IGIENIZZAZIONE, SANIFICAZIONE, ATTREZZATURA, RECUPERO E RICICLO REFRIGERANTI, FORMAZIONE E PATENTINO FRIGORISTI
CENTRO
STUDI
GALILEO
BACS & WATER PER IL CONDIZIONAMENTO DEGLI EDIFICI
Relatore
Raul Simonetti,
HVAC/R Corporate Business Manager | CAREL Industries SpA

2. All over the world, we help our customers
to protect the environment and the health and well-being
of people through safe and sustainable cold chains and
HVAC.
Electronic control solutions and humidification system for
refrigeration, air conditioning and heating applications.
Raul Simonetti is CAREL’s HVAC/R Corporate Business Manager

3. INDEX
1. BACS
2. COOLING FROM WATER EVAPORATION
3. DIRECT & INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING
4. ESTIMATIONS: OFFICE, LOCATIONS, AHU
5. RESULTS
6. CONCLUSIONS

4. 1. BACS

5. BUILDING AUTOMATION
AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

6. BUILDING AUTOMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
• A BACS COORDINATES A SET OF DEVICES TO ACHIEVE A DEFINED GOAL
• SUPPLYING AIR AT SET CONDITIONS IS A TYPICAL BACS GOAL
• THE BACS OF AN AHU MAY BE ABLE TO:
• SUPPLY AIR AT THE SET CONDITIONS AND
• DO ENERGY SAVING BY PROPER CONTROL OF THE AHU’S DEVICES

7. 2. Cooling from water evaporation

8. EVAPORATIVE COOLING
• WATER EVAPORATES NATURALLY IN CONTACT WITH AIR
• COOLING EFFECT: APPROX. 700 WTH/(L/H) OF
EVAPORATED WATER
o A CHILLER WITH EER = 3 WOULD DRAW APPROX. 230 WELECTRIC TO PRODUCE
THE SAME COOLING (= 700/3)
o THERE ARE ADIABATIC HUMIDIFIERS THAT USE AS LOW AS 10 WELECTRIC/(L/H)
o ELECTRIC STEAM SYSTEMS USE AROUND 700 WELECTRIC/(L/H), I.E. THE LATENT
HEAT OF VAPORIZATION OF WATER
• EVAPORATION GENERATES COOLING AND HUMIDIFICATION
AIR
WATER

9. 4. Estimations: office, locations,
AHU

10. ESTIMATIONS: OFFICE
• 500 PERSONS
• SET POINT: 22 °C / 71 °F, 0.0082 KGV/KGDA (50 %RH)
• SUPPLY AIR: 17 °C / 63 °F, 0.0074 KGV/KGDA (62 %RH)
• MON-FRI, 6AM-9PM
• SUN HEAT GAIN: 65 KW

11. ESTIMATIONS: LOCATIONS
• ITALY: MILAN
• GERMANY: BERLIN
• USA: LAS VEGAS, NV
• FOR ALL: 1-DEGC BIN DATA USING ASHRAE TRY CLIMATIC DATABASES
NOTE: TRY = TYPICAL RECORDING YEAR

12. ESTIMATIONS: AHUS
SUP = 63000 M³/H
(37150 CFM)
EXT = 63000 M³/H
(37150 CFM)
EFFICIENCY = 73%
BY-PASS = 0%-100%
MIX = 20%-100%
ODA = 63000 M³/H
(37150 CFM)
FROM "ECODESIGN IMPACT ACCOUNTING - STATUS REPORT 2018", ANNEX GENERAL_1, BY VHK, DECEMBER 2018 (REV. JAN. 2019)
• ELECTRICITY = 0,178 €/KWH, TERTIARY SECTOR, YEAR 2015
• GAS = 0.061 €/KWH, TERTIARY SECTOR, YEAR 2015
• WATER (+ SEWAGE) = 4.09 €/M³, RESIDENTIAL, YEAR 2015
«CURRENT AHU» W/O IEC
«NEW AHU» W/ IEC
«CURRENT AHU» = GAS
«NEW AHU» = DEC

13. 5. Results

14. MILAN
HALF OF BINS ABOVE SUPPLY:
DEHUMIDIFICATION HAS A
STRONG IMPACT
DEC LOWERS
HUMIDIFER’S ENERGY INPUT

15. MILAN: IMPORTANCE OF BACS!
Mix fixed @
20% ODA
Mix 20%-100%
modulating
Saving 164946 kWh
-23%
BACS = BUILDING AUTOMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM

16. BERLIN (1/2)
MANY BINS BELOW SUPPLY:
HUMIDIFICATION HAS A
STRONGER IMPACT

17. BERLIN (2/2)
Saving 32670 kWh
-13%

18. LAS VEGAS (1/2)
ALL BINS BELOW
SUPPLY: DEC
& IEC SAVE
ENERGY

19. LAS VEGAS (2/2)
Saving 137486 kWh
-37%

20. 6. Conclusions

21. BACS
• A MODULATING CONTROL ALGORITHM PAIRED TO MODULATING DEVICES
DELIVERS SUBSTANTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS AS IT CAN FIND THE BEST
«COMBINATION» OF OUTPUTS TO MINIMIZE THE INPUT ENERGY WHILST
GUARANTEEING THE SET POINT.
AT BUILDING LEVEL:
o 16%-49% (TABLE 24 IN “OPTIMISING THE ENERGY USE OF TECHNICAL BUILDING SYSTEMS – UNLEASHING THE POWER OF
THE EPBD’S ARTICLE 8”, BY ECOFYS AND WAIDE STRATEGIC EFFICIENCY LTD., 27 MARCH 2017, EU)
o 23%-49% (FIGURE S.2 IN “IMPACTS OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING CONTROLS ON ENERGY SAVINGS AND PEAK LOAD
REDUCTION”, BY PNNL’S REPORT 25985, MAY 2017, USA)

22. EVAPORATIVE COOLING
• WATER IS NATURAL & NON-POLLUTING
• INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING (IEC):
o REDUCES THE LOAD DELIVERED BY VAPOR-COMPRESSION COOLING
o MAY REDUCE ITS SIZE
• DIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING (DEC):
o IDEM, BUT USABLE IN WARM AND DRY CLIMATES AS IT INTRODUCES HUMIDIFICATION
o NEEDS ADDITIONAL HEATING BEFORE DEC

23. BACS & ACQUA PER IL
CONDIZIONAMENTO DEGLI EDIFICI
È intervenuto:
Raul Simonetti,
HVAC/R Corporate Business Manager | CAREL Industries SpA
Contatti
raul.simonetti@carel.com
WORLD REFRIGERATION DAY
LE ULTIME TECNOLOGIE NEL CONDIZIONAMENTO E NELLA REFRIGERAZIONE AI TEMPI DEL POST COVID-19
IMPIANTI E IGIENIZZAZIONE, SANIFICAZIONE, ATTREZZATURA, RECUPERO E RICICLO REFRIGERANTI, FORMAZIONE E PATENTINO FRIGORISTI
CENTRO
STUDI
GALILEO