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Rise and Fall of the Mongol Empire
- 2. Mongols • Nomadic tribes that lived north of China • Needed land for their large herds of horses • Lived in yurts • Turn to page 62
- 3. yurt
- 4. Two things made the tribes combine and become a great empire 1. The climate cooled and resulted in less food for their horses 2. Birth of Chinggis Khan (CHING-gihs KAHN)
- 6. Chinggis Khan • Became the supreme ruler over all of the Mongol tribes • Chinggis Khan means “great ruler”
- 8. How did he unify the Mongols? 1. Divided the people into groups and chose trusted followers to lead these groups 2. Wrote a law code called the Great Yasa 3. Trained military
- 9. • Used the Mongols horsemanship skills to build a well-trained army • Also trained archers • They were ruthless and deadly
- 13. How did they attack towns? 1. Siege warfare – The Mongols fired arrows into city for weeks and cut off all the food going into the city 2. Pretend retreat – The Mongols would pretend to be defeated and appear to leave their camp. When the townsmen came out to plunder the camp, the Mongols would attack
- 14. Seige
- 16. Kublai Khan • One of Chinggis’s grandsons • He became ruler over all China and began the Yuan Dynasty • This was the first foreign dynasty in China
- 17. Kublai Khan
- 18. Kublain Khan tries to take Japan • Kublai Khan tries to take Japan twice 1. He sent 30,000 men to invade, but a storm destroyed the fleet and Japanese pushed back the ones that did land 2. He then sent 140,000 men to invade, but there was another storm. Japan gave credit to a kamikaze (divine wind) for protecting Japan
- 20. Batu Khan • Another grandson of Chinggis Khan • Led Mongol troops and defeated Russia, Hungary and Poland • His empire is known as the Golden Horde
- 21. Batu Khan
- 22. Buta Khan Empire
- 23. Battle of Liegnitz • During reign of Batu Kahn • Against the Poles, Czechs and Germans • Mongols won
- 25. Religion in Mongol Empire • Polytheism – believed that good and evil spirits controlled the world • Believed in a supreme being, Tengri (the great god of heaven) who ruled the spirits
- 26. Shamans • Believed certain men had power over the spirits
- 27. • Christianity spread as far as China • For a time the Mongols practiced religious tolerance, but it was short lived.
- 28. Islam • Islam spread throughout the Mongol empire and became dominant • Christians and Jews were persecuted
- 29. Trade in Mongol Empire • Mongols did not manufacture beyond what they needed (felt, harnesses, carts) • As the empire grew, trade also grew • Mongols gave up their nomadic ways and settled in towns. Their zeal for conquest faded • It did not last and the Mongols closed down trade with the East.
- 30. Mongol end in China • Mongols began fighting with one another again. • The Chinese were able to get rid of the Mongols • The Ming Dynasty was established
- 31. Tamerlane • Timur had an injured leg and was lame…so he was called Timer the Lane or Tamerlane • His empire reached from Turkey to India • More concerned with getting treasures rather than building a well-ruled empire • It collapsed shortly after his death
- 32. Tamerlane
- 33. Tamerlane’s tomb
- 34. Mughal Dynasty • The last Mongol empire • Akbar was one of the rulers of this dynasty • His empire extended over most of India • They were peaceful • Taj Mahal was built during this Dynasty
- 35. Akbar
- 36. Mungal Dynasty
- 37. Taj Mahal
- 38. Mongolia today
- 39. Ch. 4 Sec. 3 Discussion Question • When Islam becomes dominant, as it did in the Mongol empire how are other religions, especially Christianity treated?
Editor's Notes
- They needed a house that could be moved with them
- Tribes often fought among themselves over grazing lands. Once the cooling climate occurred, they started looking in China for grazing lands
- Born around 1162 His father was killed when he was a boy and he had to flee for his life…he wandered for a while and then came back to his tribe to avenge his father’s death Became the supreme leader in 1206 His real name was Temujin (TEM yuh jihn)
- Placed great value on loyalty… The Great Yasa dealt with every area of life…notes in binder…law provided military rules, criminal punishments, tax regulations, court procedures, and moral standards…The punishment for many crimes was death…also included beatings and fines Mongols were trained to be warriors at an early age
- Horsemanship: could string his bow while riding and shoot his arrows when all the horse’s hooves were off the ground, this ensured his arrows would strike their target. All who resisted were killed or used for human shields in future battles…women and children were used as slaves Mongols quickly overran northern China, then turned west to conquer all of Central Asia
- Their normal way of fighting wouldn’t work for towns…they were surrounded by moats and thick stone walls…also fired gunpowder bamboo rockets into the towns…they were not accurate, but must have terrified the residents of the town The Mongols were ruthless…they killed and destroyed where ever they went…the name Mongol struck fear in the hearts of their enemies…some chose to surrender rather than face destruction Women and children were often used as slaves and the men were used to increase the size of their forces
- Chinggis died and divided his territory between his four sons…they continued to invade
- Every yurt had a small idol of felt…these idols protected their families and animals…before every meal they would spread food and drink on the lips of the idols…they also prayed to them…they believed that these idols had power to bless them
- Witch doctors, medicine men
- After nearly 1000 years, the west finally had direct contact with the cultures of the far east… When they closed it down, this began the Age of Exploration
- He was cruel and punished Christians especailly