4. Two things made the tribes combine
and become a great empire
1. The climate cooled and resulted in less food
for their horses
2. Birth of Chinggis Khan
8. How did he unify the Mongols?
1. Divided the people into groups and chose
trusted followers to lead these groups
2. Wrote a law code called the Great Yasa
3. Trained military
9. • Used the Mongols horsemanship skills to build
a well-trained army
• Also trained archers
• They were ruthless and deadly
10.
11.
12.
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14.
15.
16. How did they attack towns?
1. Siege warfare
– The Mongols fired arrows into city for weeks and
cut off all the food going into the city
2. Pretend retreat
– The Mongols would pretend to be defeated and
appear to leave their camp. When the
townsmen came out to plunder the camp, the
Mongols would attack
19. Kublai Khan
• One of Chinggis’s grandsons
• He became ruler over all China and began the
Yuan Dynasty
• This was the first foreign dynasty in China
21. Kublain Khan tries to take Japan
• Kublai Khan tries to take Japan twice
1. He sent 30,000 men to invade, but a storm
destroyed the fleet and Japanese pushed
back the ones that did land
2. He then sent 140,000 men to invade, but
there was another storm. Japan gave credit
to a kamikaze (divine wind) for protecting
Japan
23. Batu Khan
• Another grandson of Chinggis Khan
• Led Mongol troops and defeated Russia,
Hungary and Poland
• His empire is known as the Golden Horde
29. Religion in Mongol Empire
• Polytheism – believed that good and evil
spirits controlled the world
• Believed in a supreme being, Tengri (the great
god of heaven) who ruled the spirits
31. • Christianity spread as far as China
• For a time the Mongols practiced religious
tolerance, but it was short lived.
32. Islam
• Islam spread throughout the Mongol empire
and became dominant
• Christians and Jews were persecuted
• Read page 72
33. Trade in Mongol Empire
• Mongols did not manufacture beyond what
they needed (felt, harnesses, carts)
• As the empire grew, trade also grew
• Mongols gave up their nomadic ways and
settled in towns. Their zeal for conquest
faded
• It didn’t last and the Mongols closed down
trade with the East.
34. Mongol end in China
• Mongols began fighting with one another
again.
• The Chinese were able to get rid of the
Mongols
• The Ming Dynasty was established
35. Tamerlane
• Timur had an injured leg and was lame…so he
was called Timer the Lane or Tamerlane
• His empire reached from Turkey to India
• More concerned with getting treasures rather
than building a well-ruled empire
• It collapsed shortly after his death
39. Mughal Dynasty
• The last Mongol empire
• Akbar was one of the rulers of this dynasty
• His empire extended over most of India
• They were peaceful
• Taj Mahal was built during this Dynasty
Tribes often fought among themselves over grazing lands.
Once the cooling climate occurred, they started looking in China for grazing lands
Born around 1162
His father was killed when he was a boy and he had to flee for his life…he wandered for a while and then came back to his tribe to avenge his father’s death
Became the supreme leader in 1206
His real name was Temujin (TEM yuh jihn)
Placed great value on loyalty…
The Great Yasa dealt with every area of life…notes in binder…law provided military rules, criminal punishments, tax regulations, court procedures, and moral standards…The punishment for many crimes was death…also included beatings and fines
Mongols were trained to be warriors at an early age
Horsemanship: could string his bow while riding and shoot his arrows when all the horse’s hooves were off the ground, this ensured his arrows would strike their target.
All who resisted were killed or used for human shields in future battles…women and children were used as slaves
Mongols quickly overran northern China, then turned west to conquer all of Central Asia
Their normal way of fighting wouldn’t work for towns…they were surrounded by moats and thick stone walls…also fired gunpowder bamboo rockets into the towns…they were not accurate, but must have terrified the residents of the town
The Mongols were ruthless…they killed and destroyed where ever they went…the name Mongol struck fear in the hearts of their enemies…some chose to surrener rather than face destruction
Women and children were often used as slaves and the men were used to increase the size of their forces
Chinggis died and divided his territory between his four sons…they continued to invade
Every yurt had a small idol of felt…these idols protected their families and animals…before every meal they would spread food and drink on the lips of the idols…they also prayed to them…they believed that these idols had power to bless them
Witch doctors, medicine men
After nearly 1000 years, the west finally had direct contact with the cultures of the far east…
When they closed it down, this began the Age of Exploration
