This document discusses sustainable sanitation and ecological sanitation approaches. It proposes diverting human urine and feces streams and concentrating collection to reuse nutrients for plant growth. Alternative sanitation systems are presented, including waterless urinals and diverting toilets that separate urine and feces. Experience from various pilot projects implementing these approaches are shared, such as urine collection from 90 households and composting trials. Benefits include closing nutrient loops and addressing issues like phosphorus scarcity.
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Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency
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Rethinking Sanitation - Ecological sanitation - Sustainable Sanitation - From a Metabolic Rift Towards a Metabolic Shift
Trinity College Dublin 2016
Arne Backlund
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Project Backlund Ecology has participated in as an advicer and as a supplyer of ecological sanitation with EcoFlush and EcoVac diverting toilets and willow for a On-Site Willow Wastewater Evapotranspiration System
Water saving technologies to reduce water consumption and wastewater producti...Arne Backlund
EPA STRIVE Programme 2007–2013
Water saving technologies to reduce water consumption and wastewater production in Irish households
(2010-W-LS-3)
STRIVE Report
Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency
by Trinity College Dublin
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Rethinking Sanitation - Ecological sanitation - Sustainable Sanitation - From a Metabolic Rift Towards a Metabolic Shift
Trinity College Dublin 2016
Arne Backlund
Lecturing about a metabolic shift rethinking and linking sustainable ecological sanitation & agroecology in Engineers Without Border projects in developing countries
Gtz 2005 oeko technik park hannover germanyArne Backlund
Project Backlund Ecology has participated in as an advicer and as a supplyer of ecological sanitation with EcoFlush and EcoVac diverting toilets and willow for a On-Site Willow Wastewater Evapotranspiration System
Grey water systems presentation 6 18-2015 finalTony Green
The recent drought has prompted Governor Brown to enact
mandatory water restrictions for the first time in the history of the state of California. With no end to the drought in sight and the level of the state’s reservoirs being at their lowest levels in decades everyone will need to take steps to conserve this precious resource. Grey Water systems have recently been proposed as a method where home owners can help conserve water by using reclaimed
water produced by laundry, sinks and bathtubs in non-potable applications such as irrigation or flushing toilets.
Sydney's Water Sustainability | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
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Sydney’s Water Sustainability | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
According to the CSIRO Sydney rainfall will decrease by 3% while population will increase, amounting to an increase of 20% more water by 2030. Currently Sydney is recycling 25 billion litres per year; by 2015 we will be recycling up to 70 million litres. 12% of Sydney’s water usage will be recycled water.
Sydney’s Water - Grey water, Water efficiency programs, Desalination Plant an...Biocity Studio
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Paulo Mellet's Productive ecological sewage water treatment systems Magnus Wolfe Murray
In tribute to the most inspiring man who i have encountered on planet so far, a wonderful friend and constant source of brilliant ideas and resources. We are so much poorer without his presence now he has passed away, yet so much richer for knowing him, from learning from him. Your work will live on in everything I do. Go well my friend.
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Grey water systems presentation 6 18-2015 finalTony Green
The recent drought has prompted Governor Brown to enact
mandatory water restrictions for the first time in the history of the state of California. With no end to the drought in sight and the level of the state’s reservoirs being at their lowest levels in decades everyone will need to take steps to conserve this precious resource. Grey Water systems have recently been proposed as a method where home owners can help conserve water by using reclaimed
water produced by laundry, sinks and bathtubs in non-potable applications such as irrigation or flushing toilets.
Sydney's Water Sustainability | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
Sydney is experiencing long-term droughts, low rainfall and a high demand for water. What can we do to help solve the water crisis? Water restrictions are only a short-term fix. Other solutions are desalination and recycle water plants, water management, and artificial precipitation.
Sydney’s Water Sustainability | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
According to the CSIRO Sydney rainfall will decrease by 3% while population will increase, amounting to an increase of 20% more water by 2030. Currently Sydney is recycling 25 billion litres per year; by 2015 we will be recycling up to 70 million litres. 12% of Sydney’s water usage will be recycled water.
Sydney’s Water - Grey water, Water efficiency programs, Desalination Plant an...Biocity Studio
Sydney’s water demand is currently met by 11 major damns, recycled water and water pumped from the Shoalhaven River. Warragamba dam provides Sydney with 80% of Sydney drinking water supply. Sydney’s high demand for water has forced the NSW Government to come up with a Metropolitan Plan for Sydney, by creating more Grey water, Water efficiency programs, Desalination Plant and early lead detection.
Paulo Mellet's Productive ecological sewage water treatment systems Magnus Wolfe Murray
In tribute to the most inspiring man who i have encountered on planet so far, a wonderful friend and constant source of brilliant ideas and resources. We are so much poorer without his presence now he has passed away, yet so much richer for knowing him, from learning from him. Your work will live on in everything I do. Go well my friend.
The lecture contains aspects such as Ancient Water Resources Planning, Water shortage, or water wastage in Sri Lanka?, Network of tanks and streams in the form of cascades, Tank-village Ecosystem, Patial desilting concept
Road Accidents in India: A GIS Epidemiology studyVaibhav Bagaria
A presentation about the epidemiology of road trauma in India. Also how innovative use of technology like GIS when combined with the trauma epidemiology can help prevent these cases in developing countries like India.
A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water , either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem .
The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other
land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants , adapted to the unique hydric soil.
Bio engineering methods and their control for soil erosionSantosh pathak
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Generally, biogas is a renewable fuel. In any country, for cooking or heating purposes biogas can be used as a low-cost fuel. Biogas can be used as a fuel in stationary and mobile engines, to supply motive power, pump water, drive machinery (e.g., threshers, grinders) or generate electricity. It can be used in both spark and compression (diesel) engines. The spark ignition engine is easily modified to run on biogas by using a gas carburetor.
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ECOlogical SANitation - closing the loop between waste to food...
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this ppt deals with the production, processing and harvesting of spirulina as SCP. it also describes about the benefits of using spirulina as the protein supplement for enriching one's health when there is nutritional deprivation.
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Aquaponic applications for the small farm are becoming all the rage, but how can it truly produce profitably? You need a complete system that supplies it's own feed that is mercury free, soy free, GMO free.
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https://www.linkedin.com/.../urn:li:activity.../
#foredrag #højskole #oplæg #rådgivning #økologiskbyggeri #økosamfund #kolonihaver #vandfrietoiletter #vandbesparelse #kildesorterendetoiletter #muldtoiletter #komposttoiletter #pileanlæg #afløbsfrit #åbneland #kommune #tilladelser #plan #regler #lovgivning #bæredygtighed #verdensmål #kredsløb #innovation #vision #Kafka #Processen #Slottet
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Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking sanitation ecological sanitation
1. Trinity College Dublin 2016
Rethinking Sanitation
Ecological Sanitation
Sustainable Sanitation
From a Metabolic Rift
Towards a Metabolic Shift
An Appetizer
Arne Backlund
Backlund ApS
www.backlund.dk
www.facebook.com/backlund.aps
2. Present Human Organized Metabolism
- Open-Flow System
- Premised on Nature as Indefinite
- Exhausting its Sources of
Nourishment
- Without Paying its Bills
Could Human Beings in Politics
Reorganize Humanity in Nature
& Nature in Humanity?
5. Main Objectives of Sustainable Sanitation
•To Reduce Health Risks related to
Sanitation,Contaminated Water and Waste
•To Prevent Pollution of Surface and Ground
Water
•To Prevent Degradation of Soil Fertility
•To Optimise Closing the Loop of Human
Excreted Nutrients, Organic Material and The
Water Cycle Considering Energy & CO2 Balances
•Economically and Ecologically Sustainable and
Culturally Acceptable Systems
6. Experienced Problems From Rural Area
Work In Eastern Germany 1989 - 1993
•High Subsidies Building CWWTP
•Very High Subsidies Establishing Sewers - Up To 95 %
•Costs - Up to Euro 50000 to Connect one House
•”HOAI” 10 % of Total Cost
•Mastering the Art of Tendering
•PPP ”Betreibermodelle” & ”Kooperationsmodelle”
•Not Supporting Innovation & Visions about Ecological
& Economical Sustainable Sanitation
7. My Way - Innovative Production and Waste
Reducing Handling Systems in
Garnment Industri
8. •Karl Marx stated in Capital in 1867 on England's
Ecological Imperialism toward Ireland: "For a
century and a half England has indirectly exported
the soil of Ireland, without even allowing its
cultivators the means for replacing the
constituents of the exhausted soil.“
•Describing the Ecological Contradiction
between Nature and Capitalist society as "an
Irreparable Rift in the Interdependent Process of
Social Metabolism."
A Rift in the Metabolic Relation
between Humanity and Nature
9. •A Sustainable Solution to the Global Environmental Rift
requires, a Society of “Associated Producers" who can
“Govern the Human Metabolism with Nature in a Rational
Way, bringing it under their Collective Control instead of
being dominated by it as a Blind Power”.
•Solutions requires Rational Regulation of the Metabolic
Relation of Human Beings to Nature in line with the Needs
of Future Generations. "Even an entire society, a nation, or
all simultaneously existing societies taken together," Marx
stated, "are not owners of the earth. They are simply its
possessors, its beneficiaries, and have to bequeath it in an
improved state to succeeding generations as boni patres
familias [good heads of the household].
10. Tentative Holistic Reflection
•We Can´t Solve Problems by Using More of
the Same Kind of Thinking (Paradigm) we Used
Creating Them!
•Conventional Waste Water Solution – with
Mixing & Dilution – Best Solution to Polution?
•Why do Human Beings with Two Outlets
Design and Use Toilets with Only One Inlet?
•When the Solution is Simple,
God is Answering!
11.
12. Flow or Stream of Material
•Human urine contributes to about
80 % of the load of N and 50 % of
the P load of conventional domestic
wastewater
•Human Urine treated conventional
requires large amounts of energy
producing problematic sludge
13.
14. Flow or Stream of Materials
•We Excrete most of the Nutrients we
Consume
•Human Urine contributes with only 1
% of the Volume of Household
Wastewater but contains 80 % of N, 55
% of P and 60 % of K and less than 0.6
% of Cadmium and 0.06 % of Lead
15. Phosphorus
•One Person Excrete 1 KG P/year.
•0.7 KG in Urine and 0.3 KG in Faeces.
•Human Phosphorus Returned to Soil
Would Cover 80 % of P Demand
•In Agriculture Short of Phosphorus
Human Excreta could be a Golden
Opportunity.
•In 100 years Phosphorus Could Be Gone.
22. Cadmium in Irish & Swedish Soils
Ireland Median values 0.33 mg/kg DM
5 % > 1.65 mg/kg DM
25% > 0.64 mg/kg DM
15% > EU Treshold limit = 0.8 mg/kg DM
Sludge Prohibited on soil > 1 mg/kg DM
Sweden Median values 0.19 mg/kg DM
5 % > 0.45 mg/kg DM
Soil Quality Limit Value 0.5 mg/kg DM
Sludge Prohibited on soil > 0.45 mg/kg DM
23. Cd in Human Bodies, Soil & Willow
WTI based on Kidney tollerance
2.5 microgram Cd/kg BW/W
Average Cd intake in Sweden
1 - 1.45 microgram Cd/kg BW/W
Swedish average agricultural soil 600 g Cd/ha
Cd in Willow steams 0.9 – 2.4 mg/kg DM
Cd removal 7.2 - 20 g/ha/year
29. New Paradigm of Closing The Loop
With Alternative Sanitation
•Alternative Questions and Answers
•Different Streams and Flows
•Source Control
•Nutrients, Organic Material, Water etc.
•Diversion and Concentrated Collection
•Reuse of Resources to Plant Growth
•Re-Defining
•Re-Designing
30. Alternative Approach and Design
•Human Urine (Yellow Water or
Golden High Quality Anthropogenic
Nutrient Solution) and Human Faeces
•Diverted and Concentrated Collection
•Waterless or Reduced Water Flush
•Alternative Sanitary Components
•Alternative Sanitary Systems
31. Alternatives in Recycling
Nutrients and Water
•Nutrients Directly From Toilet
•Direct Local Use or After Transport
•Household Wastewater Directly into
Willow Evapotranspiration System
•Transported Septic Sludge
•Wastewater and Sludge from CWWTP
42. Flow or Stream of Material
•We Excrete most of the Nutrients
we Consume
•Human Urine contributes with only
1 % of the Volume of Household
Wastewater but contains 80 % of N,
55 % of P and 60 % of K and less than
0.6 % of Cadmium and 0.06 % of Lead
43. Phosphorus
•One Person Excrete 1 KG P/year.
•0.7 KG in Urine and 0.3 KG in Faeces.
•Human Phosphorus Returned to Soil
Would Cover 80 % of P Demand
•In Agriculture Short of Phosphorus
Human Excreta could be a Golden
Opportunity.
•In 100 years Phosphorus Could Be Gone.
44. 76 m² 2Rooms 86 m² 3Rooms 98 m² 4 Rooms 112 m² 5 Rooms 126 m² 6 Rooms
90 Rowhouses
Permatopia, Karise Denmark
45. Permatopia, Karise Denmark
Agriculture - Diversed sustainable organic production of food
based on permaculture principles. Professional farmers included
Heating - Geothermal heat pump or ground source heat pump
(GSHP)
Electricity - Wind turbines – later combined with solar cells
Wastewater - Urine from 90 individual diverting EcoFlush
toilets + further in commen house will be used on the fields
after 6 month storage in collection containers.
Greywater and brownwater go to a very large Zero Discharge
Willow Wastewater Evapotranspiration System
Composting - Organic residuals and harvested willow are
composted
Closing the loop - By taking human urine and compost back to
agriculture based on permaculture principles.
72. Diverting Toilet with
Waterless Collection
of Faeces
•www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publikationer/2005/87-7614-811-4/pdf/87-7614-812-2.pdf
EcoDry Diverting Closet without
water flush c ombined with batch or
continuous composting units
73. Diverting Waterless Toilet
•Estimated Values Regarding Urine
•100 % Urine Collection for Most Men
•80 – 100 % for Most Women
•0 – 50 % for Very Few Women
•60 – 100 % Concentration
•Very Small Amounts of Nutrients Lost
During Proper Storage.
81. Separator
Estimated Values for Particle Outlet
•4.0 – 8.8 % DM and 2.7 – 5.8 % VS
•Ideal 10 % DM
•Ideal 80 % of DM and VS
•Ideal 70 % of N, P and K
•Worst Case 0.22 % DM and 0.16 % VS
82. Separator
Estimated Values for Particle Outlet
•4.0 – 8.8 % DM and 2.7 – 5.8 % VS
•Ideal 10 % DM
•Ideal 80 % of DM and VS
•Ideal 70 % of N, P and K
•Worst Case 0.22 % DM and 0.16 % VS
84. VOD 230V Diverting Toilet
ESTIMATED VALUES
•Household Power Consumption 4 kWh
•Concentration of DM 1.9 – 5.1 %
•Concentration of VS 1.7 – 4.8 %
85. Willow Evapotranspiration System
MARJATTA Tappernøje Denmark
From the first known
”unknown” system
in 1991/1992 to best
known practice in
2016 Recommended
by Authorities in
Denmark for
Highest Demands
Zero Discharge Sanitation
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/worlds-first-oldest-known-on-site-zero-discharge-willow-
arne-backlund?trk=mp-author-card
Estimated 7000 – 8000 Households connected
86.
87. Willow bed ready for planting april 2004
Sept. 2004 Willow are appr. 3 m tall
February 2005
June 2005
Willows August 2005 seco
growing season
4 m*38 m Bassin, 1.5 m Deep Møn, Denmark
88. Premises – Dimensioning Model
•8 m WIDE – with a DEPTH of 1.5m and 45°
GRADIENT on sides and ends
•Useable PORE VOLUME expected to be 40 %
•EVAPOTRANSPIRATION expected to be 2.5
TIMES calculated Potential Evaporation
• 30-years average MONTHLY RECIPITATION
and POTENTIAL EVAPORATION
•SURFACE AREA dim. to avoid water storing on
the surface in a year with normal precipitation and
with a max. of 10 cm of surface water with a
precipitation which statisticly occurs in one out of
10 years
•Same LOAD of wastewater every month
96. Reduced costs using WW & Sludge
application to EWSRP
•Reduces Demand for Chemical Fertilizers
•By far Most Important Public or Private Cost
Reduction - Allocating Nutrient Removal to EWSRP
•Cost kg N Conventional N-Removal Often 10 Times
Higher than kg N price of Chemical Fertilizer
•Primary Cost Reduction Potential related to
Establishment
•Multifunctional Potential related to Cd uptake
97.
98. Municipality Task Set Up (Question/Demand)
50 % Reduction in N-Outlet to Enköping Stream
Using Alternatives To Conventional N-removal on
CWWTP.
Consultant Answer/Solution
•30 t N/y Removed by Fertilizing 80 ha Energy Willow
Plantation at Local Farm
•20 t N/y Removed by use of Stored & Hyginized
Sludge from Septic & Black Water Tanks + Small
WWTP on Local Energy Willow Plantations
•10 t/N/y Internal Reductions on CWWTP.
102. Small steps towards a Metabolic
Shift reducing Metabolic Rift
Human Urine - Golden High Quality
Anthropogenic Nutrient Solution from Stream
Diverting Sustainable Sanitation
& Multifunctional Willow - Plant – Soil -
Systems Reducing among Other Metabolic
Disturbances caused by Cadmium
In Soil – Plant – Food & Human Body