SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT_S_K_PATTANAYAK_EVS_SAMBALPUR_UNIVERSITY_18_10_2023.pdf

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Prof. (Dr.) Sanjaya Kumar Pattanayak
Professor and Head
P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences
Sambalpur University
EMAIL: SKPATTANAYAK@SUNIV.AC.IN, MOBILE: 9439809787

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
ENVIRONMENT
•Interactive processes linking the pedosphere with the
atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.
Nature Education, 2012.

3 PILLARS
Several visual representations
of sustainability and its three
dimensions: the left image
shows sustainability as three
intersecting circles. In the top
right it is a nested approach. In
the bottom right it is three
pillars. The schematic with the
nested ellipses emphasizes a
hierarchy of the dimensions,
putting environment as the
foundation for the other two.

The Brundtland Definition (1987)
Development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs

WITHOUT – POWER & ENERGY: WORLD IS DARK, FACTORIES WOULD COME TO HALT, SERVICES
WOULD BE JEOPARDIZED BUT IS IT ELECTRICITY OR MINERALS?

WHAT ABOUT MAKING
YOURSELF BEAUTIFUL

Resource Limitation
Mineral resources are…
Finite.
Effectively non-renewable.
So…what is a dominant species to do?
Discover additional sources.
Substitute.
Recycle.
Increase efficiency of use.
Do without.
In the future all of these strategies will
be used.

10
Why we Care about Sustainability?
Hypothesis - Population growth cannot be sustained without
modifications in lifestyle

Global Poverty : Concentrated in Asia
• 3 billion live on less than two dollars a day
• 1.3 billion have no access to clean water
• 3 billion have no access to sanitation
• 2 billion have no access to electricity – Mostly in Asia?

Global Changes: Is this our World?
•20% of the population in developed nations consume 86% of the
world’s goods.
•The poorest 20% of the world’s population consume 1.3%.
Global disparity of wealth distribution –
Pronounced in Asia ?

(C) Ravi fernando 2006 July
The Business Case
Asia – The Worlds Factory
• In Most Industries over 70% share
-Apparel – China / Bangladesh / India
• Child Labour
- 61% of 230m Children

Water Shortage
Agricultural Drought - impact of meteorological/
hydrological drought on crop yield.
Meteorological Drought - lack of
rainfall
Hydrological Drought - reduction in water resources
(stream flow, lake level, ground water, underground
aquifers)

16
World Energy Demand Forecast
World Primary Energy Demand by Fuel (IEA World Energy Outlook 2004)

17
Energy Demand
• Energy demand is projected to increase by 57% over
the next 25 years
• Most of the demand will come from India and China
• Much of this demand will be met with energy from
coal-fired or oil-fired generators
• This will result in greater emissions of CO2, SOx and
particulate matter
• Nuclear power is expected to be a significant factor

American Chemical Society 18
Learn More About Molecules -
Greenhouse Gases
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Methane (CH4)
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (example:
Trichlorofluoromethane)
• Ozone (O3)
• Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Named after Dr. Charles David Keeling, the
atmospheric scientist who began measuring CO2
in the air atop Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii way
back in 1958, the iconic Keeling Curve graph
shows an accelerating upwards saw-tooth curve
as human emissions of carbon dioxide
accumulate relentlessly in our atmosphere.
By the 1980s this rise had reached 1.5ppm per year
and accelerated further to 2ppm per year by the first
decade of the 21st century. In the last 10 years —
even as the world increasingly woke up to the climate
emergency — the rate accelerated still further to
2.5ppm per year, with the average atmospheric CO2
concentration reaching 416ppm in 2021.

Even this incredibly
ambitious pathway —
referred to as the “SSP1-1.9
scenario” in the latest
generation of climate
models — would still see
global warming overshoot
1.5 degrees Celsius by the
middle of the century,
although the temperature
would then drop back
below this level by 2100.

Shared
Socioeconomic
Pathways

Reducing Other Greenhouse Gases
“Methane is the second most significant cause
of greenhouse warming, behind carbon
dioxide. Cows are one of the world's greatest
methane emitters because they exhale
methane, a byproduct of the digestion of their
grassy diet. The sheer size of cow herds makes
a significant contribution to global warming.”
Source: Reducing Other Greenhouse Gases –
Exhibit on Global Warming at Koshland Science
Museum
www.koshland-science-
museum.org/exhibitgcc/causes04.jsp

What You Can Do to
Reduce Your Footprint
• Whether you are at home, buying food, on the road or at
work, the energy you use in your daily life has an impact
on climate change.
Reference: Global Warming – Reduce Your Carbon Footprint – Take Action
democrats.assembly.ca.gov/members/globalwarming/ad14/action.aspx

Take Action - At the Office
• Recycle glass, paper, aluminum and plastics.
• Buy recycled paper products and supplies.
• Telecommute if possible.
• Turn down the air conditioning.
• Shutting off your computer at closing time will
reduce its carbon dioxide emissions by 83%.
• Install a programmable light timer that reduces light
usage during off-peak hours.

Take Action - Inside the Home
• Get a home energy audit to find out if your home is poorly
insulated or energy efficient. Many utility companies offer
this service for free. Go to www.energystar.gov for more
information or contact your local utility company.
• Replace a regular incandescent light bulb with a compact
fluorescent bulb (CFL). Check for possible rebates from your
utility company.
• Move your thermostat down 2° in the winter and up 2° in
the summer.
• Clean or replace filters on your furnace and air conditioner.

American Chemical Society
26
Take Action - Inside the Home
• Look for the Energy Star® label when choosing
appliances.
• Use less hot water, by installing a low flow
showerhead and washing your clothes in cold or
warm water, instead of hot water.
• Turn off and unplug appliances not in use. Avoid
using your appliances during peak hours, from 4pm to
6pm.
• Turn down the thermostat on the water heater and
wrap your older model with a water heater blanket.

Take Action - In the Kitchen
• Support your local farmer. Buying locally will save fuel and keep
money in your community. To find a farmer's market in your
area, visit Local Harvest - www.localharvest.org/
• Mind the tap. Conserve water in the kitchen and around the
house and garden.
• Buy fresh foods instead of frozen. Frozen food uses 10 times
more energy to produce and deliver.
• Avoid heavily packaged products and cut down on your
garbage. Give back that extra napkin or sugar packet. Carry the
gallon of milk by the handle instead of using a bag.
• Buy organic foods. Organic soils capture and store carbon
dioxide at much higher levels than soils from conventional
farms.

28
Take Action – On the Road
• Cut back on driving by walking, biking or taking public transportation.
• Start a carpool with your coworkers, classmates or friends.
• Keep your car tuned up and your tires properly inflated. Giving your engine
a tune-up can improve gas mileage by more than 4%. Replacing a clogged air
filter can boost efficiency by 10%. And keeping your tires properly inflated
can improve gas mileage by more than 3%.
• When purchasing a car, choose a fuel efficient vehicle.
• Fly less and purchase "Carbon Offsets" to balance out your travel.
• Travel Green. When going on vacation or on a business trip, take your
"green principles" with you.

29
What’s the Size of Your Personal
Footprint?
Earth Day Network Footprint Calculator
www.earthday.net/footprint/index.html
• How much land area does it take to support your lifestyle?
• Find out your Footprint, discover your biggest areas of resource
consumption, and learn what you can do to tread more lightly on the earth.

Why Wasn’t the World Overgrazed
Before Humans?
• Millions of herbivores & pack-hunting predators.
• Two strategies handled predator packs.
– All young dropped over short time.
– Large herds bunched.
• Bunched animals dung & urinate in concentration.
• No animals like to feed on own feces.
• Animals only return when feces weathered.
• So no overgrazing.

Strategic Corporate Sustainability
By Establishing if it has :
Economic Sustainability
-Innovation driven
-Differentiation
-Corporate Governance
Corporate Strategy = Competitive Differentiation
Which TBL is it single mind about differentiating on?
Corporate Responsibility =
Commitment to Sustainability
•Establish if the organization has
a ‘Sustainability Mind set’
•Environmental
sustainability
-Measures its carbon
foot print
-Mitigation strategies
(Renewable)
-Green Business
-Recycling strategy
-Water
Social Sustainability
- Labour /Employees
- Community
- Human Rights/Societal

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
In September 2015, countries adopted a set of Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: IMMUNISATION

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: G20
India's G20 Presidency: School education takes lead through innovations and awareness
G20 Presidency is a massive moment for India and school education department has been entrusted with the job to
launch awareness among the society
The Group of Twenty or G20 is an
organization of the world’s largest economies.
It is the premier global forum for discussing
economic issues, international trade and
financial stability. It was formed in 1999 and
comprises of 19 countries; US, Argentina,
Brazil, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Turkey,
Indonesia, South Korea, Japan, China,
Germany, Britain, India, Saudi Arabia, South
Africa, Italy, France, Russia, and one regional
organization namely the European Union. As a
major world economic forum it has a strategic
position because it collectively represents
around 65% of the world's population, 79% of
global trade and at least 85% of the world
economy.

At the beginning of its formation, the G20
focused on efforts to reform the global
financial system as one of the keys to
responding to the global economic crisis. Over
a period of time it has expanded its agenda and
began to address major issues related to the
global economy like sustainable development,
health, agriculture, energy, environment,
climate change and international financial
stability. The G20 Summit is held annually
under the leadership of a rotating presidency.
December 1, 2022 is a red-letter day as India
assumed the G20 Presidency from Indonesia.
India convenes the G20 Leaders Summit in
2023.

The Indian G20 Presidency's theme of
'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' or
One Earth, One Family, One Future' sets the
tone for the 2023 Infrastructure Agenda under the
Indian leadership.
The G-20 Summit focuses on strengthening
multilateral economic relations among developed
and developing countries of the world. The focus
area is to ensure the revival and recovery of the
global economy, work towards ensuring financial
stability and strengthening pathways for achieving
Sustainable Development Goals.

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