about gender disparity and factors affection women education

2. Fazaia College of Education
for Woman
Presented to: Ma’am Amna Saleem
Presented by: Zainab Umair & Aimen Shahid
Class/Semester: BS.Ed- VII
Subject: Contemporary Trends And Issues

3. Gender Disparity

4. Objectives
At the end of the presentation students will be able to:
 define Gender Disparity
 explain at least five factors responsible for gender disparity
 write any three steps to reduce gender disparity

5. Content
 Gender
 Disparity
 Gender disparity
 Gender equality
 Examples of gender equality
 Factors
 Steps
 Conclusion

6. Gender
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines gender as:
“Gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics of women and men, such as
norms, roles, and relationships of and between groups of women and men. It varies from
society to society and can be changed.”

7. Disparity
‘‘A great difference.’
OR
‘‘Lack of similarity or equality; inequality; difference’’

8. Gender Disparity
 Differences in women’s and men’s
access to resources, status and well-
being.
 Gender inequality acknowledges
that men and women are not equal and
that gender affects an individual's living
experience.
 These differences arise from distinctions
in biology, psychology, and cultural
norms.

9. ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT GENDER
Masculine
 Active
 Presence
 Independent
 Organized
 Rational
 Logical
 Intellectual
Feminine
 Passive
 Absence
 Dependent
 Scattered
 Emotional
 Illogical
 Intuitive/ Imaginative

10. What is gender equality?
 The process of being fair to men and women
 Requires equal enjoyment by women and men of socially valued-goods,
opportunities resources and rewards
 It doesn’t mean men and women being the same

11. Examples of gender equality
 Forbidden from driving
 Right to divorce
 Access to education
 Right to travel
 Professional Obstacles
 Violence
 Feminization of Poverty

12. Gender Disparity in Education
 Literacy is a core component of basic education, but despite the government
commitment towards providing basic education to all, Pakistan has one of the highest
illiteracy rates in the world.
 Significant gender disparity is evident in the data of latest PSLM survey that indicates
only of 51.8% women are literate as compared to of 72.5% male are literate in
Pakistan.

13. National Commitments to equality in Education
 CONSTITUTION OF THE ISLAMIC REBUBLIC OF PAKISTAN, 1973
ARTICLES 37
“ The state shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory
secondary education within minimum possible period.”

14. Literacy rate in Pakistan (2018)
According to federal minister of education:
 Total literacy rate: 62.3%
 Male: 72.5%
 Female: 51.8%

15. Literacy rate (provinces)
Punjab: 64.7%
Sindh: 62.2%
KPK: 55.3%
Baluchistan: 55.5%

16. Women Education in Pakistan
 Women’s education in Pakistan is a fundamental right for every female citizen, according to
article thirty seven of the constitution of Pakistan , but gender discrepancies still exist in the
education sector.
 According to the 2011 Human development report of the united Nations program, approximately
twice as many males as females receive a secondary education in Pakistan, and public
expenditures on education amount to only 2.7% of the GDP of the country.

18. Factors affecting the role of women
Concern for safety especially adolescent girl
Lack of accessible and acceptance schools
Limited employment opportunities
General resistance to change
Direct costs of fees, books and uniforms
A desire to retain a separate ethnic identity
Uneducated parents
 A need for child labor

19. Cont..
 Poor families/ economic conditions
 Lack of physical infrastructure
 Low literacy rate
 Lack of educational facilities
 Awareness
 Lack of skills
 Insecure working environment for women
 Men have more decision power

20. Steps taken to reduce Gender Disparity

21. Talk to women and girls
 Women and girls’ voices are too often excluded from global and national decision-
making

22. Let girls use mobile phones
 The majority of girls in India don’t have access to using basic technology such as
phones and computers because of infrastructure related challenges and economic
reasons
 Increasingly we see bans on girls using mobile phones

23. Stop child marriage and sexual
harassment
 In Bangladesh and elsewhere, child marriage is a major impediment to girls’
education. In Bangladesh more than 50% of girls are married before the age of 18,
and about 30% of girls 15 to 19 already have one child
 Insecurity is one of the reasons parents give for marrying their daughters

24. Raise aspirations of girls and their parents
 One of the key strategies must be to change how girls, families and society
imagine what girls can be and can do
 We need to give girls images and role models that expand their dreams
 In an International Women’s Day event with Bangladesh Women in
Technology and they talked about needing to build girls’ and women’s confidence
that they could be engineers or entrepreneurs

25. Empower Mothers
 In Afghanistan, there have been great moves to increase number of girls going
through formal education through providing schools for girls in every district
 When mothers are educated and empowered to make choices in their lives, they
enable their daughters to go to school

26. Give proper value to ‘women’s work’
 The unpaid work women and girls do provide the foundation for the global
economy
 This fact needs to be highlighted more in the media, with the private sector and in
communities

27. Encourage women into non-traditional
vocations
 Brac is skilling women in professions such as motorcycle fixing, driving, hospitality,
mobile-phone fixing

28. Work together
 Alarmingly, gender gaps in sub-Saharan Africa have widened at higher levels of
schooling
 This is a reverse of the global trend towards greater parity. Between 1999 and
2010, the ratio of girls in secondary school fell from 83 to 82 girls for every 100
boys
 This is stalled progress and a reversion to the deep gender equalities that
characterised previous eras

29. Stop the violence
 There are various instances of a husband beating up the wife often leading to
severe injuries.
 The UN has found that globally, one in three women will experience violence in her
lifetime,

30. Conclusion
 Gender inequality is still a huge issue today, where males are considered superior
to females