This presentation discusses the relationship between education and social stratification. It begins with introducing the topics of education, social stratification, and how education affects child development. It then examines how education can enable social mobility but also potentially create inequalities. The major sociological perspectives on how education relates to stratification are also summarized, including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. In conclusion, while education can reduce inequalities, it also sometimes contributes to social stratification depending on the context.

1. WELCOME TO THE
PRESENTATION

2. Social stratification and
Education
Course title: Sociology of education
Course no: soc
Presented By- 151635

3. Presentation Outline
 Introduction
 Education
 Stratification
 Characteristics of Bangladesh and the modern Context
 Effects of education on child development
 Social mobility and education
 Major sociological perspective on education and stratification
 Conclusion
 References

4. Introduction
The development of education has always been closely liked to ideals of mass
democracy. Yet education has also consistently been seen as equalization.
Universal education, it has been argued, will help reduce disparities of wealth and
power by providing able young people with skills to enable them to find a valued
place in society. But in some context of society education creates inequalities in
society.

5. Education
The word ‘Education’ is derived from the Latin word, ‘Educatum’, which means
to train or to simplify it further, ‘E’ means from inside and ‘Duco’ means to draw
out. The other Latin words, which are supposed to be the root words, ‘Educare’
and ‘Educere’ also mean to bring up, to lead out or to develop. Education,
therefore, does not mean simply communication of knowledge or information by
the teacher to students, but it is a process, which draws out from within a person
his/her innate tendencies, capacities and inherent powers and develops them to the
full.

6. Cont’d…
Rabindranath Tagore said, ‘Education means to enable the child to find out ulti-
mate truth… making truth its own and giving expression to it.
Mahatma Gandhi defined education as, ‘By education, I mean drawing out of the
best in child and man body, mind and spirit.’
 According to Vivekananda, ‘Education is the manifestation of perfection already
reached in man.’

7. Social Stratification
The term stratification is derived from the geological concept of ‘Strata’ which
means rock layers created by natural processes. Stratification is a hierarchy of
positions with regard to economic production which influences the social rewards
to those in the positions.
According Raymond W. Murray; “Social Stratification is horizontal division of
society into ‘higher’ and ‘lower’ social units.”
Lundberg writes, “A stratified society is one marked by inequality, by difference
among people that are evaluated by them as being ‘lower’ and ‘higher’.

8. Cont’d…
According to Peter Robert Saunders, “In modern Western Societies, Stratification
depends on social and economic classes comprising three main layers: upper class,
middle class and lower class. Each class is further subdivided into smaller classes
related, in part, to occupation.
It can be said that, people classify one another into categories and rank these
categories from higher to lower. The process of defining such categories is called
‘Social Stratification’,

9. Characteristics of Bangladesh and the modern Context
Social class: Class is a status of group, and in any society the social class of one
group always differs from that of other. In the word of MacIver, “A social class is
any proportion of community marked of from rest by the status.” Higher educated
people belongs to upper class and comparatively lower educated people belongs to
lower class or middle class. So, in this sense education creates many social classes
and those social class create stratification in society.

10. Cont’d…
Economic difficulties: Compared to the condition existing in ancient and
medieval period, there is a far greater unemployment today. This has a direct
impact upon the minds of education. Besides, economic difficulties make it easy
to achieve the ideal of universal education.
Politicization: After independence, political influences have penetrated every
sphere of life. Even in education, political interest can be found at practically
every level. This again is functioning as a very serious obstacle to all progress and
creates many stratification in all sphere of life.

11. Cont’d…
Disorganization of values: The present day society in our country has lost all its
faith in the traditional Bangladeshi values under the impact of westernization,
secularization and urbanization. In our modern educational system we lost most of
our tradition values and accept the values of other culture. This is acting as a
serious impediment of spiritual and moral values.

12. Cont’d…
Social disorganization: Bangladesh society has been rapidly fragmented into
small units because of the influence of regionalism, linguism, casteism,
untouchability etc. As a consequences this have a detrimental effects on the
development on children.
Individual disorganization: For the last few years, the tendency of indulge a
various kinds of intoxicants is growing upon the younger generation, particularly
among the students. Those are serious problems for the educational planners.

13. Effects of education on child development
Effect on physical development: Some kind of physical training always been an
inevitable part of school education, the tradition of yogic and other exercises start
from ancient time . In modern school effort are made toward the physical
development of the educand through such institution as scouting, girl guides,
A.C.C, N.C.C etc.

14. Cont’d…
Effect on mental development: Mental development is intimately related to
physical development. If some nutritive elements are lacking in the nourishment
conveyed to him, his mental development is retarded along with his physical
development. After emerging by the womb, the child is influence by the family.
The child's mid mind is negatively influence by the constant poverty, disturbances
and quarrels between his parents and positively influence in a sound rich family.

15. Cont’d…
Effects on cultural development: In old days education sought first of all make
the child culture and civilized, but in present day educational institutions are
concerned merely with acquiring the child with the various subject but put the
syllabus. Society in general provides a model only for such disruptive tendencies
as classism, individualism all of which promote selfishness, absolute liberty and
disregard of laws. Our new educational system teach the student about western
culture and make a new mixed culture which creates stratification in our society.

16. Cont’d…
Effect on moral development: The situation in towns is much worse than in rural
areas because children see so many scenes of violence and crime, in morality and
cruelty, that they can’t avoid them. Apart from any other influence, the cinema
alone is responsible for a great degree of moral depravity and degradation, and it is
next to impossible to shield young boys and girl from its influence. The moral
level of villagers are lower by lack of education, lack of sanitation and hygiene,
insecurity, communalism and untouchability.

17. Cont’d…
Social development: As the city grows in size, the social consciousness seems to
decrease in direct proportion. The disorganization of the joint family has also been
responsible for this deterioration of social feelings, a process which is being only
encourage by material disagreements, maladjustment etc. In school and colleges
one can see much the same kinds of thing in the relationship between teacher and
taught, and teacher and the school organizers.

18. Social Mobility and Education
Social mobility is basically the movement of individual or groups of individuals from one
social position to other. Sudden appreciation of a property or power accrued to certain
families, development of skill or success and achievement may lead to upward mobility.
The important question arises concerning the relationship between education and social
mobility. A controversy obviously exists as to whether education acts as a sort of agent for
social mobility.
(Srinibas Bhattacharya)

19. Major sociological perspective on education and
stratification
Ballantine, J. H., & Hammack, F. M. (2012) in their book “ The sociology of
education: A systematic analysis”(7th ed.) they described how sociological
perspective related with education and stratification .
Functionalism: Education serves several functions for society. These include (a)
socialization, (b) social integration, (c) social placement, and (d) social and
cultural innovation. Latent functions include child care, the establishment of peer
relationships, and lowering unemployment by keeping high school students out
of the full-timelabor force. Problems in the educational institution harm society

20. Cont’d…
because all these functions cannot be completely fulfilled.
Conflict theory: Education promotes social stratification through the use of
tracking and standardized testing and the impact of its “hidden curriculum.”
Schools differ widely in their funding and learning conditions, and this type of
inequality leads to learning disparities that reinforce social stratification.
Symbolic interactionism: This perspective focuses on social interaction in the
classroom, on the playground, and in other school venues. Specific research finds

21. Cont’d…
that social interaction in schools affects the development of gender roles and that
teachers’ expectations of pupils’ intellectual abilities affect how much pupils learn.
Certain educational problems have their basis in social in social interaction and
expectation.

22. Conclusion
Education consists of all those experiences, which affect the individual from birth
till death. Proper education creates in an individual the faculty of reasoning to
distinguish between right and wrong and to place responsibilities before rights.
Some sociologist say where there is a lack of education the people suffer from
many inequalities and stratification which cause serious problems in society but
some other sociologist think that in many context education creates social
stratification in society.

23. References
Chetty et al.,2011; Schanzenbanch,
Slideshare.com
 Mrs. Y. M. Singh, “Sociological Foundations of Education”, , Kanishka Publishers Distributors --→
2007
Connell, R. W. and White, V., (1989) ‘Child poverty and educational action’ in Edgar, D., Keane, D.
& McDonald, P. (eds), Child Poverty, Allen & Unwin, Sydney .

24. Thank
you