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1
PRESENTED BY
AGLAIA
• Traffic Volume :- Number of vehicles crossing a section of
road per unit time at any selected period.
• One of the fundamental measures of traffic on a road
system.
• Used as a quantity measure of flow.
• Unit: vehicles per day and vehicles per hour.
• Classified traffic volume count
2
Scopes of Volume Study
SCOPES
Design
Planning
Improvement
Dynamic
Traffic
Management
Estimating
Highway
Use
Computing
Accident
Rates
Traffic
Stream
3
• Measure of relative importance of roads for deciding the priority for
improvement & expansion.
• Used in planning , traffic operation and control of existing facilities and to
design new facilities.
• For analysis of traffic patterns & trends
• Classified volume is used for structural design of pavements & geometric
design
• For planning one way streets and other regulatory measures.
• Turning movement study for design of intersection , signal timings etc
• Pedestrian traffic volume for planning of side walks, pedestrian signals etc.
4
 Employs a field team to count and classify traffic volume.
 No. of observers required depends upon no. of Lanes
and type of information required.
 More desirable to record traffic in each direction of travel
by posting separate observers for each direction.
 For all-day counts ,work in three shifts of 8 hrs can be
arranged.
 Data is recorded by Five- dash system. (IIII)
5
 Manual counts are typically used for periods of less than
a day. Normal intervals for a manual count are 5, 10, or
15 minutes.
 Traffic counts during a Monday morning rush hour and a
Friday evening rush hour may show exceptionally high
volumes and are not normally used in analysis
 counts are usually conducted on a Tuesday, Wednesday,
or Thursday
6
7
Survey Procedure
8
Vehicle Type Tally
Car
CNG
Bus
Motorcycles
NMT
9
10
ADVANTAGES
 Details such as vehicle classification and no. of occupants can
be obtained.
 Records Turning movement data of vehicles at intersections.
 Analyzing traffic characteristics in unusual conditions such as
adverse weather conditions, traffic breakdowns, temporary
closure of any lane of highway etc.
 Comparatively cheaper method of counting.
 It is often necessary to check the accuracy of automatic
devices
 Data accumulated by manual methods are easy to analyze.
DISADVANTAGES
• Not practicable to have manual count for 24 hrs of the day
and throughout the year.
• Counts of remote areas is possible by automatic devices.
11
Multiple Pen Recorder
• A chart moves continuously at the speed of a clock.
Different pens record different events.
• Actuation of pen is by pressing the corresponding electric
switch.
• When a particular class of vehicle passes ,the associated
switch may be pressed and this operates the pen on the
channel.
• This represents the arrival of that particular class of
vehicle.
12
ADVANTAGES
• Permanent record is kept about arrival of each class of
vehicle.
• Classification and vehicle count are performed
simultaneously.
13
1. Pneumatic Tube
• Flexible tube with one end sealed is clamped to
road at right angles to pavement.
• Other end connected to a diaphragm actuated
switch.
• When an axle of vehicle crosses the tube, a
volume of air gets displaced thus creating a
pressure which closes the electrical contact
through switch.
• Two such contact result in one count.
14
Disadvantages
• When vehicles with more than two axles are present.
• Tubes get damaged by crawler tractors, tyre chains etc.
• Difficulty in fixing them to gravel surfaces.
15
16
17
Figure : Pneumatic Road Tube
• A pair of steel strips are contained in a rubber pad which
is buried beneath the surface.
• When vehicle passes over rubber pad ,steel strips come
into contact with each other and electric current flows.
• Electric contact devices are installed in each lane.
18
• A coaxial cable is clamped across the road surface,
• signals are generated when vehicle passes over it.
• Signals actuate the counter.
• Advantage : lesser susceptibility to damage.
19
• On one end of road , a source of light emits a beam across
the road.
• At the other end is a photo –cell which can distinguish
between the light beam and absence of light beam.
• Passage of vehicle in the path of light beam obstructs the
beam and detected by photo-cell.
Disadvantages
• Obstruction can be caused by pedestrians also.
• More than one vehicle positioned in the beam line
simultaneously can register as one vehicle.
20
21
• Based on Doppler Effect.
• Compares the frequency of a transmitted radio signal
with the frequency of the reflected signal.
• When a moving vehicle interrupts the signal , a
frequency difference exists.
22
23
Radar
• Observers can record count data by videotaping
traffic.
• Traffic volumes can be counted by viewing
videotapes recorded with a camera at a collection site.
• A digital clock in the video image can prove useful in
noting time intervals.
24
25
• Traffic Flow Maps:
• Show volume along various routes by using bands proportional to
traffic volume carried.
• Thickness of lines represent traffic volume.
• Intersection Flow Diagrams
• Give direction and volume of traffic through an intersection.
• Trend charts
• Shows the hourly , daily or monthly changes in volume through an
area.
• Useful for planning future expansion, design and regulation.
26
27
Traffic Flow Maps:
Intersection Flow Diagrams
Trend charts
Thank you
Lintels
For more…. Mail to aglaiaconnect2018@gmail.com

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Traffic studies volume study

  • 2. • Traffic Volume :- Number of vehicles crossing a section of road per unit time at any selected period. • One of the fundamental measures of traffic on a road system. • Used as a quantity measure of flow. • Unit: vehicles per day and vehicles per hour. • Classified traffic volume count 2
  • 3. Scopes of Volume Study SCOPES Design Planning Improvement Dynamic Traffic Management Estimating Highway Use Computing Accident Rates Traffic Stream 3
  • 4. • Measure of relative importance of roads for deciding the priority for improvement & expansion. • Used in planning , traffic operation and control of existing facilities and to design new facilities. • For analysis of traffic patterns & trends • Classified volume is used for structural design of pavements & geometric design • For planning one way streets and other regulatory measures. • Turning movement study for design of intersection , signal timings etc • Pedestrian traffic volume for planning of side walks, pedestrian signals etc. 4
  • 5.  Employs a field team to count and classify traffic volume.  No. of observers required depends upon no. of Lanes and type of information required.  More desirable to record traffic in each direction of travel by posting separate observers for each direction.  For all-day counts ,work in three shifts of 8 hrs can be arranged.  Data is recorded by Five- dash system. (IIII) 5
  • 6.  Manual counts are typically used for periods of less than a day. Normal intervals for a manual count are 5, 10, or 15 minutes.  Traffic counts during a Monday morning rush hour and a Friday evening rush hour may show exceptionally high volumes and are not normally used in analysis  counts are usually conducted on a Tuesday, Wednesday, or Thursday 6
  • 7. 7
  • 10. 10 ADVANTAGES  Details such as vehicle classification and no. of occupants can be obtained.  Records Turning movement data of vehicles at intersections.  Analyzing traffic characteristics in unusual conditions such as adverse weather conditions, traffic breakdowns, temporary closure of any lane of highway etc.  Comparatively cheaper method of counting.  It is often necessary to check the accuracy of automatic devices  Data accumulated by manual methods are easy to analyze.
  • 11. DISADVANTAGES • Not practicable to have manual count for 24 hrs of the day and throughout the year. • Counts of remote areas is possible by automatic devices. 11
  • 12. Multiple Pen Recorder • A chart moves continuously at the speed of a clock. Different pens record different events. • Actuation of pen is by pressing the corresponding electric switch. • When a particular class of vehicle passes ,the associated switch may be pressed and this operates the pen on the channel. • This represents the arrival of that particular class of vehicle. 12
  • 13. ADVANTAGES • Permanent record is kept about arrival of each class of vehicle. • Classification and vehicle count are performed simultaneously. 13
  • 14. 1. Pneumatic Tube • Flexible tube with one end sealed is clamped to road at right angles to pavement. • Other end connected to a diaphragm actuated switch. • When an axle of vehicle crosses the tube, a volume of air gets displaced thus creating a pressure which closes the electrical contact through switch. • Two such contact result in one count. 14
  • 15. Disadvantages • When vehicles with more than two axles are present. • Tubes get damaged by crawler tractors, tyre chains etc. • Difficulty in fixing them to gravel surfaces. 15
  • 16. 16
  • 18. • A pair of steel strips are contained in a rubber pad which is buried beneath the surface. • When vehicle passes over rubber pad ,steel strips come into contact with each other and electric current flows. • Electric contact devices are installed in each lane. 18
  • 19. • A coaxial cable is clamped across the road surface, • signals are generated when vehicle passes over it. • Signals actuate the counter. • Advantage : lesser susceptibility to damage. 19
  • 20. • On one end of road , a source of light emits a beam across the road. • At the other end is a photo –cell which can distinguish between the light beam and absence of light beam. • Passage of vehicle in the path of light beam obstructs the beam and detected by photo-cell. Disadvantages • Obstruction can be caused by pedestrians also. • More than one vehicle positioned in the beam line simultaneously can register as one vehicle. 20
  • 21. 21
  • 22. • Based on Doppler Effect. • Compares the frequency of a transmitted radio signal with the frequency of the reflected signal. • When a moving vehicle interrupts the signal , a frequency difference exists. 22
  • 24. • Observers can record count data by videotaping traffic. • Traffic volumes can be counted by viewing videotapes recorded with a camera at a collection site. • A digital clock in the video image can prove useful in noting time intervals. 24
  • 25. 25
  • 26. • Traffic Flow Maps: • Show volume along various routes by using bands proportional to traffic volume carried. • Thickness of lines represent traffic volume. • Intersection Flow Diagrams • Give direction and volume of traffic through an intersection. • Trend charts • Shows the hourly , daily or monthly changes in volume through an area. • Useful for planning future expansion, design and regulation. 26
  • 27. 27 Traffic Flow Maps: Intersection Flow Diagrams Trend charts
  • 28. Thank you Lintels For more…. Mail to aglaiaconnect2018@gmail.com

Editor's Notes

  1.   Trigger treatment for instance once a pavement condition pavement a certain level it can schedule for maintained or rehabilitation. Determine the extent and the cost of repair. A pavement condition score is a numerical representation of pavements overall condition can thus be used to estimate the extant of repair work and the lightly cost. Determine a network condition index. By combining pavement condition scores for an entire road network, a single score can be obtain that gives a general idea of the network condition of as a hole. Allow equal comparison of different pavements. Since a pavement condition score accounts for all types of pavement performance measures it can be used to compare two or pavements with different problems on an equal footing.