The document discusses bioenergy and various methods of producing and utilizing it. It defines bioenergy as energy obtained from naturally available organic materials through direct use or conversion. Methods of deriving bioenergy covered include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel, gaseous biofuels, biomass gasification, anaerobic digestion of waste, and production of biogas.

1. Lakshmi Ammal Polytechnic College
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Subject Name : Renewable Energy Sources
and Energy Conservation
Subject Code : 32073
Year & Semester : III / V
Scheme : M
U. Aravind
Lecturer/Mech
LAPC
K.R. Nagar
13 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH

2. Unit 4:
BIO ENERGY
3 July 2020
U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 2

3. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 3
What is
Bioenergy?

4. ♣It can be obtained from
naturally available organic
materials.
♣It is one type of Renewable
energy sources.
♣This type of renewable
energy is used directly or
changed to other form of
energy
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 4

5. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 5
Photosynthesis

6. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 6

7. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 7

8. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 8

9. • Photosynthesis is a Chemical
process that converts Carbon
dioxide into Organic
Compounds by means of
sugars, using energy from
sunlight.
•
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 9

10. What is
Biomass?
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 10

11. • Biomass is Organic
material derived from
living, or recently living
organisms.
• It can be easily burnt.
• Energy obtained from
biomass is called Biomass
energy
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12. Usable forms of
Biomass
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13. I.Solid Bio fuels
• Wood
• Charcoal
• Straw
• Rice Husk
• Fuel Pellets
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14. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 14
WOOD
CHARCOAL

15. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 15
STRAW
RICE
HUSK

16. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 16

17. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 17

18. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 18

19. II. Liquid Bio fuels
• Ethanol
• Methanol
• Biodiesel
• Vegetable oils
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20. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 20
Ethanol

21. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 21
Vegetable oil
seeds

22. III. Gaseous Bio fuels
• Bio gas
(Methane)
• Producer gas
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23. Biomass
Resources
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 23

24. I. Forests residues
II. Agriculture residues
III.Aquatic plants
IV.Urban wastes (MSW)
V. Crop residues
VI.Animal wastes
VII.Sewage
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25. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 25

26. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 26

27. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 27

28. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 28

29. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 29

30. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 30
Biomass
Conversion
Technologies

31. 1. Incineration or Direct Combustion
2. Thermo Chemical conversion
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Liquefaction
3. Bio Chemical Conversion
Anaerobic Digestion
Ethanol Fermentation
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 31

32. I. Incineration or Direct
Combustion
• It is the process of burning
completely the solid waste to
Ashes by high temperature with
presence of Oxygen
• It is used to produce Heat steam,
Electricity
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 32

33. II. Thermo Chemical
Conversion
• Pyrolysis
• Gasification
• Liquefaction
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 33

34. 1. Pyrolysis:
❄ It is the process of converting
Organic Materials into Gases,
Solids, liquids by heating to 500
to 900°C in the Absence of
Oxygen
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 34

35. 2. Gasification
❄ It is the process of heating the
biomass with limited Oxygen to
produce Gas
❄ The Output gas is called
“Producer gas”
❄ Used in IC engines or Gas turbine
to generate electricity or burnt to
produce heat and steam
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 35

36. Composition of Producer Gas
H2 15-20%
CO 10-20%
CH4 1-5%
CO2 9-12%
N2 45-55%
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 36

37. 3. Liquefaction:
❄Biomass is liquefied through two
process
1. Flash Pyrolysis - It produce
“Pyrolytic Oil”
2. Methanol Synthesis - It
produce “Methanol”
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 37

38. III. Bio Chemical Conversion
• Anaerobic Digestion
•Ethanol Fermentation
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 38

39. 1. Anaerobic Digestion :
❄ This process converts decaying
wet bio mass & animal wastes
into Biogas through
Decomposition process of
Anaerobic Bacteria
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 39

40. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 40

41. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 41

42. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 42

43. 2. Ethanol Fermentation :
❄ It is the process of
Decomposition of Organic matter
into Ethanol by Bacteria & Yeasts
❄ Ethanol + Petrol(Gasoline) →
Gasohol [ 90% Petrol & 10%
Ethanol ]
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 43

44. Urban Waste to
Energy
Conversion
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 44

45. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 45

46. Types of Wastes:
•Urban waste
•Industrial waste
•Biomedical waste
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47. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 47
Biomass
Resources
Conversion
Technology
Products
•Municipal
Solid Wastes
(MSW)
•Incineration •Heat
•Steam
•Electricity
•Sewage
(Liquid waste)
•Anaerobic
Digestion
•(Biogas)
Methane

48. Biomass
Gasification
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 48

49. • Gasification is the process of
Converting a solid or liquid biomass
into a Gaseous Fuel without leaving
any Solid Carbonaceous residue
• Gasification process is carried out by
the equipment is called Gasifier
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 49

50. Gasifier Zones:
• Drying Zone
• Pyrolysis Zone
• Oxidation Zone
• Reduction Zone
• Ash Zone
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51. 51
According to type of
Bed
According to the
Output power
Biomass Gasifier
Fluidized bed Gasifier
Fixed bed Gasifier
•Updraft Gasifier
•Downdraft Gasifier
•Cross draft Gasifier
• Small size
Gasifier
•Medium size
Gasifier
•Large size
Gasifier
•Very large size
Gasifier3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH

52. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 52

53. I. Updraft
Gasifier
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54. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 54

55. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 55
Updraft Gasifier
Producer
Gas
Air

56. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 56

57. • Air enters below the
Oxidation zone & Producer
Gas leaves near top of the
Gasifier
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58. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 58
II. Downdraft
Gasifier

59. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 59

60. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 60
Downdraft Gasifier

61. • Air enters the Oxidation
zone & Producer Gas
leaves near Bottom of
the Gasifier
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 61

62. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 62

63. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 63

64. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 64
III. Crossdraft
Gasifier

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66. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 66

67. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 67
Biomass
Liquefaction

68. ❄Biomass is liquefied through two
process
1. Flash Pyrolysis - It produce
“Pyrolytic Oil”
2. Methanol Synthesis - It
produce “Methanol”
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 68

69. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 69
Biomass to Ethanol
Production

70. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 70

71. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 71

72. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 72

73. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 73

74. Biogas Production
from Waste
Biomass
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 74

75. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 75
What is

76. •Biogas (Methane) is
produced by the Biological
breakdown of organic
matter in the absence of
oxygen by Anaerobic
Fermentation
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77. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 77

78. Composition of Biogas
CH4 50-60%
CO2 30-40%
H2 5-10%
N2 0.5-0.7%
H2 S, O2 Rest
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79. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 79

80. Sources of Biogas:
❖Cow dung
❖Sewage
❖Crop residues
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81. Biogas Plants:
❖It converts wet
biomass into biogas
by the process of
Anaerobic
fermentation
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 81

82. Raw materials used in
Biogas Plants:
❖Animal wastes
❖Human wastes
❖Agriculture wastes
❖Industrial wastes
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 82

83. Main components of Biogas
plant:
❖Digester
❖Gas Holder
❖Inlet & Outlet
❖Slurry mixing tank
❖Gas outlet pipe
❖Stirrer
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 83

84. Types of Biogas plant:
❖Continuous type Biogas
plant
❖Batch type biogas plant
❖Floating drum type biogas
plant
❖Fixed Dome type Biogas
plant3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 84

85. Applications of Biogas :
❖Cooking
❖Heating
❖IC engines fuel
❖Fuel cells
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86. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 86

87. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 87
Floating Drum
type Biogas plant

88. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 88

89. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 89

90. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 90

91. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 91

92. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 92

93. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 93

94. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 94
Fixed Dome type
Biogas plant

95. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 95

96. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 96

97. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 97

98. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 98

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100. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 100

101. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 101

102. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 102
Batch type Biogas
plant

103. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 103

104. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 104
Continuous type
Biogas plant

105. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 105

106. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 106

107. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 107

108. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 108

109. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 109

110. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 110

111. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 111
Biodiesel
Production

112. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 112
What is

113. •Biodiesel is a liquid
fuel produced from
Non-edible oil seeds
and animal fat.
3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 113

114. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 114

115. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 115
Oil & Fats
Glycerin
Pretreatment
Transesterification
Washing
Drying
Biodiesel
Methanol &
Catalyst

116. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 116

117. 3 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 117