Special Machines Unit -1 MANUFACTURING OF PLASTIC COMPONENTSARAVIND U
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering IVth Semester M Scheme - Prepared By U. Aravind , Lecturer/Mechanical in Lakshmi Ammal Polytechnic College, K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti, Tuticorin.
Solving Energy Storage Challenges Offshore - Offshore Europe 2017 Cinema Seminar - Dr. David Blood, Parker Hannifin
Energy storage is big news, following the UK government’s announcement to establish a center for battery research and plans to reduce or shift electricity use to creating a smarter, more flexible energy system.
Moving rig-based diesel gen sets to a new hybrid technology might sound like a step too far. But using battery storage alongside existing power systems is not a huge leap, with the potential to reduce fuel, operations and maintenance costs, whilst improving power quality.
This technical seminar for oil and gas professionals was run by Parker at Offshore Europe 2017. It covers the potential applications and benefits of energy storage, an overview of micro-grids and how to overcome potential challenges. The presentation also features some case study examples.
Learn more: http://solutions.parker.com/OE17_Contact
Learn how modern technology is improving the electric power grid ctcglobal
CTC Global ACCC Conductor increases transmission line capacity, mitigating thermal sag, and improving conductor efficiency. CTC Global technology has proven record of improving the electric power grid. Get to learn more >> https://bit.ly/2ZXPeAg
Special Machines Unit -1 MANUFACTURING OF PLASTIC COMPONENTSARAVIND U
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering IVth Semester M Scheme - Prepared By U. Aravind , Lecturer/Mechanical in Lakshmi Ammal Polytechnic College, K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti, Tuticorin.
Solving Energy Storage Challenges Offshore - Offshore Europe 2017 Cinema Seminar - Dr. David Blood, Parker Hannifin
Energy storage is big news, following the UK government’s announcement to establish a center for battery research and plans to reduce or shift electricity use to creating a smarter, more flexible energy system.
Moving rig-based diesel gen sets to a new hybrid technology might sound like a step too far. But using battery storage alongside existing power systems is not a huge leap, with the potential to reduce fuel, operations and maintenance costs, whilst improving power quality.
This technical seminar for oil and gas professionals was run by Parker at Offshore Europe 2017. It covers the potential applications and benefits of energy storage, an overview of micro-grids and how to overcome potential challenges. The presentation also features some case study examples.
Learn more: http://solutions.parker.com/OE17_Contact
Learn how modern technology is improving the electric power grid ctcglobal
CTC Global ACCC Conductor increases transmission line capacity, mitigating thermal sag, and improving conductor efficiency. CTC Global technology has proven record of improving the electric power grid. Get to learn more >> https://bit.ly/2ZXPeAg
Study and Analysis on Mechanical and Wear Behavior of SiC Filled Epoxy Compositepaperpublications3
Abstract: Silicon carbide possesses ample reinforcing potential to be used as a filler material in polymer matrix composites. Successful fabrication of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles is possible by simple hand-lay-up technique. These composites possess very low amount of porosity and improved micro-hardness, also it provide slightly superior tensile, flexural and inter-laminar shear strengths than those of the neat epoxy. This study reveals that silicon carbide possesses good filler characteristics as it improves the sliding wear resistance of the polymeric resin. Dry sliding wear characteristics of these composites have been gainfully analysed using a design-of-experiment approach based on Taguchi method. The analysis of experimental results shows that factors like filler content, sliding velocity and normal load, in this sequence, are identified as the significant factors affecting the specific wear rate of the composites under investigation. The silicon carbide-epoxy composites fabricated and experimented upon in this investigation are found to have adequate potential for a wide variety of applications particularly in wear prone environment. When wear is not the predominant degrading factor, epoxy without silicon carbide can be recommended. However, the weight fraction of filler in the composite is to be decided from the view point of required strength. If the place of use is hostile with sliding wear situations, then silicon carbide epoxy composites are to be preferred due to their fairly good wear resistance. Use of these composites may be suggested in applications like engineering structures in dusty environment and low cost building materials in desert.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of E-Glass Polypropylene Epoxy and S-Glass P...ijtsrd
There are basic two phase of composite material, in which one is known as matrix material and another one is called reinforcing material. The reinforcing material is embedded over matrix material. The matrix material is continuous phase and reinforcing is discontinuous phase. The reinforcing phase is much harder than matrix phase. In composite material matrix phase removes the stresses between reinforcing phase and also protect from mechanical and environmental damage. The function of reinforcing material is to improve mechanical and thermal properties of composites. Composite are hybrid of two or more material such as reinforced polymer, metal or ceramics. The aim of the present work is to fabricate E-glass epoxy composite and S-glass epoxy composite with polypropylene as filler material. The fabricated laminates are then tested for mechanical properties with varying percentage of filler material. The results obtained for E-glass epoxy composite and S-glass epoxy composites are then compared. The composites with optimum results are recommended. Karthik A. S | Dr. S. V. Gorabal"A Study on Mechanical Properties of E-Glass Polypropylene Epoxy and S-Glass Polypropylene Epoxy Composites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15903.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/15903/a-study-on-mechanical-properties-of-e-glass-polypropylene-epoxy-and-s-glass-polypropylene-epoxy-composites/karthik-a-s
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 1 : Topic Stati...ARAVIND U
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 1 : Topic Statistical Fundamentals - Diploma 4th Semester - Mechanical Engineering - N Scheme - 4020440
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 2 : Topic Control charts X bar & R Chart - Diploma 4th Semester - Mechanical Engineering - N Scheme - 4020440
020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020440- IV Semester - Production and Quality Management - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 2 : Topic Control charts X bar & R Chart
Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Study and Analysis on Mechanical and Wear Behavior of SiC Filled Epoxy Compositepaperpublications3
Abstract: Silicon carbide possesses ample reinforcing potential to be used as a filler material in polymer matrix composites. Successful fabrication of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles is possible by simple hand-lay-up technique. These composites possess very low amount of porosity and improved micro-hardness, also it provide slightly superior tensile, flexural and inter-laminar shear strengths than those of the neat epoxy. This study reveals that silicon carbide possesses good filler characteristics as it improves the sliding wear resistance of the polymeric resin. Dry sliding wear characteristics of these composites have been gainfully analysed using a design-of-experiment approach based on Taguchi method. The analysis of experimental results shows that factors like filler content, sliding velocity and normal load, in this sequence, are identified as the significant factors affecting the specific wear rate of the composites under investigation. The silicon carbide-epoxy composites fabricated and experimented upon in this investigation are found to have adequate potential for a wide variety of applications particularly in wear prone environment. When wear is not the predominant degrading factor, epoxy without silicon carbide can be recommended. However, the weight fraction of filler in the composite is to be decided from the view point of required strength. If the place of use is hostile with sliding wear situations, then silicon carbide epoxy composites are to be preferred due to their fairly good wear resistance. Use of these composites may be suggested in applications like engineering structures in dusty environment and low cost building materials in desert.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of E-Glass Polypropylene Epoxy and S-Glass P...ijtsrd
There are basic two phase of composite material, in which one is known as matrix material and another one is called reinforcing material. The reinforcing material is embedded over matrix material. The matrix material is continuous phase and reinforcing is discontinuous phase. The reinforcing phase is much harder than matrix phase. In composite material matrix phase removes the stresses between reinforcing phase and also protect from mechanical and environmental damage. The function of reinforcing material is to improve mechanical and thermal properties of composites. Composite are hybrid of two or more material such as reinforced polymer, metal or ceramics. The aim of the present work is to fabricate E-glass epoxy composite and S-glass epoxy composite with polypropylene as filler material. The fabricated laminates are then tested for mechanical properties with varying percentage of filler material. The results obtained for E-glass epoxy composite and S-glass epoxy composites are then compared. The composites with optimum results are recommended. Karthik A. S | Dr. S. V. Gorabal"A Study on Mechanical Properties of E-Glass Polypropylene Epoxy and S-Glass Polypropylene Epoxy Composites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15903.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/15903/a-study-on-mechanical-properties-of-e-glass-polypropylene-epoxy-and-s-glass-polypropylene-epoxy-composites/karthik-a-s
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 1 : Topic Stati...ARAVIND U
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 1 : Topic Statistical Fundamentals - Diploma 4th Semester - Mechanical Engineering - N Scheme - 4020440
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 2 : Topic Control charts X bar & R Chart - Diploma 4th Semester - Mechanical Engineering - N Scheme - 4020440
020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020440- IV Semester - Production and Quality Management - Unit 4 PPT - Chapter 2 : Topic Control charts X bar & R Chart
Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 2 PPT - Basic Concepts of TQm -...ARAVIND U
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 2 PPT - Basic Concepts of TQm - Diploma 4th Semester - Mechanical Engineering - N Scheme - 4020440
020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020440- IV Semester - Production and Quality Management - Unit 2 PPT - Basic Concepts of TQM Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 1 PPT - Chapter 3 : Topic Proce...ARAVIND U
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 1 PPT - Chapter 3 : Topic Process Selection - Diploma 4th Semester - Mechanical Engineering - N Scheme - 4020440
020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020440- IV Semester - Production and Quality Management - Unit 1 PPT - Process Selection Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Production and Quality Management(PQM) - Unit 1 PPT - Chapter 2 : Topic Proce...ARAVIND U
1020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020440- IV Semester - Production and Quality Management - Unit 1 PPT - Process Planning Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Thermal Engineering - I - Unit 1 Thermodynamics Process of Perfect Gases - N ...ARAVIND U
1020-Diploma in Mechanical Engineering - 4020340- III Semester - Thermal Engineering I -Unit 1 :Thermodynamics Process of Perfect Gases - Second Half -
PPT Prepared By…
U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
RES & EC Unit 3 PPT - Solar Photovoltaic System and Design & Ocean Energy, Ti...ARAVIND U
Thanks and Regards...
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Solar photovoltaic System and Design:
Solar photovoltaic a brief history of PV,PV in silicon: basic
principle, crystalline PV; reducing cost and raising efficiency, thin film
PV, other innovative technologies, electrical characteristics of silicon
PV cells and modules, grid connected PV system, cost of energy
from PV ,Environmental impact and safety.
System design of solar photovoltaic system: Load analysis-solar
array Design-Battery Design-Simple formulas. System design
procedure. Case Studies: Designing solar home lighting system -
Designing stand alone solar PV Power plant - Designing solar PV
water pumping system - Only arriving load capacity - solar array
sizing - Battery sizing - Inverter capacity and mountings.
Ocean energy, Tidal & Wave energy
Ocean energy resources – principle's of ocean thermal energy
conversion (OTEC) – Methods of Ocean thermal electric power
generation – Energy utilisation – basic principle of tidal power –
components and operations of tidal power plant – Energy and Power
forms of waves – Wave energy conversion devices.
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical E...ARAVIND U
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation - V Sem - III Year - Unit 4 Power point Presentation - Bio-energy
Prepared By....
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Conservation (RES&EC) Diploma mechanical E...ARAVIND U
Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation - Diploma Mechanical Engineering - V Semester - III Year - All Unit Introduction Power point Presentation - Intro PPT
Prepared By.....
Mr. U. ARAVIND, B.E., M.I.S.T.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI - 628 503
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TN
Mobile No: 9943244068
Email Id: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com
aravindmech@lapc.in
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=4E3rzVQAAAAJ&hl=en
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Special Machines Unit 1 PPT - Manufacturing of Plastic Components and Composite Manufacturing
1. 1
Lakshmi Ammal Polytechnic College
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Subject Name : Special Machines
Subject Code : 32042
Year & Semester : II / IV
Scheme : M
U. Aravind
Lecturer/Mech
LAPC
K.R. Nagar
4. Important Terms
• Plastic - Synthetic Organic Polymer
• Composite - Combination of two dissimilar materials
( Reinforcement + Matrix)
• Elastomers - Thermoplastic Rubber
• Engineering Plastics - Used in Engineering
Applications
• LCP - Liquid Crystal Polymer (Aromatic Polyesters)
• Thermosets - Thermosetting Plastics
• Polymer - Combination of Monomers
• Degradation - Brake down of Chemical Structure
• Twin screw Extruder - Two Screw Extruder
5. • Fatigue - Brittle Crack
• Runner - Flow path of Molten material
• Sandwich Moulding - Two different polymers
injected one after another
• Calendaring - Plastic film producing process
• Filament - Single Fiber
• Strands - Bundle of filaments
• Prepregs - Pre-Impregnated ( Flexible Sheet of
Fibers & Resin)
• Glass Fiber - Amorphous Material
• Epoxy Resin - Polymerizable thermosetting
resins
26-04-2021 LAPC 5
6. • Autoclave - Pressurized Oven
• Bleeder Material - Absorb Excess Resin
• Breather Material - Remove Excess Air
• Bagging Film - Form vacuum bag
• Barrier Film – Control the resin flow
• Filament winding - Process of Making Hollow
Section Components
• Pultrusion - Process of Making Straight shape of
Constant Cross-sectioned Components
• LCM - Liquid Composite Moulding
• RTM - Resin Transfer Moulding
• COI - Critical Oxygen Index
• Kevlar - Aramid Fibers
26-04-2021 LAPC 6
7. • Tow - Untwisted bundle of continuous filaments
• Yarn - Twisted bundle of tow
• Roving - Number of Untwisted bundle of yarns
26-04-2021 LAPC 7
8. I. Plastic Components
Plastics:
Plastics is an organic resin or synthetic
resin which can be moulded to any
required shape
It contains Oxygen , Hydrogen , Carbon
and Nitrogen
26-04-2021 8
LAPC
11. Thermoplastics:
It Can Be Softened By Heating And
Hardened By Cooling
It can be remoulded
Ex: PVC, Polyester
Uses: Insulating Tapes, Toys.
26-04-2021 11
LAPC
12. Thermosetting Plastics
It Cannot Be Softened On Heating , Once
hardened and set
It cannot be remoulded
Ex: Duroplast, Epoxy resin
Uses: Automobile Parts, Electric Plugs
26-04-2021 12
LAPC
15. Factors Influencing The Selection Of
Plastics
I. Mechanical Properties
Strength
Stiffness
Fatigue
Toughness
Ductility
26-04-2021 15
LAPC
16. II. Degradation
Brake down of chemical structure by heat
stress and radiation
III. Wear resistance and Frictional Properties
IV. Special Properties
Optical properties
Electrical properties
Flammability
V. Processing Cost
VI. Processing Methods
26-04-2021 16
LAPC
17. Processing of Plastics
Extrusion Thermoforming Moulding
Processes
Calendaring Casting
Twin Screw
Extruder
Single Screw
Extruder
Compression
Moulding
Roto Moulding
Injection
Moulding
Expandable
Bead Moulding
Blow
Moulding
Gas
Injection
Moulding
Sandwich
Moulding
Structural Foam
Reciprocating
Screw
Ram or
Plunger Type
26-04-2021 17
LAPC
18. SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDER
It has Three Zones
Feed Zone
Compression Zone
Metering Zone
Application:
• It is used to make tubes, sheets, ropes
26-04-2021 18
LAPC
24. TWIN SCREW EXTRUDES
Types:
Intermeshing counter rotating
Intermeshing co-rotating
Non- Intermeshing counter rotating
Non- Intermeshing co-rotating
Advantages:
Output rate is high
Mixing efficiency is more
26-04-2021 24
LAPC
25. RAM or PLUNGER TYPE
INJECTION MOULDING
Advantages
Complicated shapes of various sizes of
products can be produced
Good dimensional accuracy
Disadvantages
High tooling cost
Suitable for mass production only
High production rate
26-04-2021 LAPC 25
31. Extruder screw rotates in the normal way to
transport, melt and pressurize the material in
the barrel
Extruder screw moves forward like plunger to
inject melt into the mould
Advantages
High production rate.
Low cost.
26-04-2021 31
LAPC
35. SANDWICH INJECTION MOULD
Sandwich moulding is defined as two or more
polymers are injected one after the other
through the dame gate in one or cavities.
Advantages:
Material, weight and cost is saved.
Increased stability and strength.
Decorative effects.
Combination of characteristics.
26-04-2021 35
LAPC
39. GAS INJECTION MOULDING
• The gas-assisted injection molding process
begins with a partial or full injection of
polymer melt into the mold cavity.
Compressed gas is then injected into the core
of the polymer melt to help fill and pack the
mold
Advantages:
Lower cycle time.
No surface imperfections
Clamping forces are much lower
26-04-2021 39
LAPC
43. INJECTION MOULDING FOR
THERMOSETTING MATERIALS
Thermosets molding is the reverse process of
thermoplastic. Special barrel and screw are
used in this process.
Advantages:
Fastest cycle.
Efficient pre heating material
Easiest finishing
Mould cost is low.
26-04-2021 43
LAPC
45. CALENDARING
Calendaring is the process of producing
the sheet of materials by rolling the
plastics between multiple rollers. & Its
only for thermoplastic
Applications:
• Thermoplastic films
• Sheets & Coatings
Advantages:
• High accuracy
• High rate of production
26-04-2021 45
LAPC
49. ROTATIONAL MOULDING
Used for producing hollow plastics.
Advantages
This process is suitable for making the products with
complicated shapes and size.
Less expanse than injection moulding.
Less expanse for manufacturing few parts than the other
process.
Disadvantages
This process is suitable for manufacturing hollow parts only.
Cycle time is slow.
It is not easy to get varying wall thickness within a part.
Only limited number of materials only can be mould.
26-04-2021 49
LAPC
54. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR
PLASTIC COMPONENTS
1) Avoid under cuts.
2) Provide shrinkage allowance.
3) Avoid sharp corners.
4) long cored holes should be avoided.
5) Location of the parting surface of the mould
should be in one plane
6) Maintain uniform wall thickness
7) Ribs provided for increase strength
26-04-2021 LAPC 54
55. 8) try to design projections to have circular cross
sections
9) Use suitable size inserts
10) Considered material properties
26-04-2021 LAPC 55
56. COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING
A combination of two or more materials to
form a new material with enhanced material
properties.
Ex: Wood, Concrete, Brick
26-04-2021 LAPC 56
58. CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING
• Good Bonding between Fibers and Matrix
• Proper Orientation of the fibers
• Uniform Distribution
• Good dimensional Control
26-04-2021 LAPC 58
59. APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITE
MATERIALS
• Automotive Applications
• Aerospace Applications
• Marine Applications
• Construction Applications
• Sanitary Applications
• Building Applications
• Sports Applications
26-04-2021 LAPC 59
63. Raw Materials
Mixed &
Weighed
Fed into
Furnace
In Furnace ,
At refining
stage - 1425°C
In Furnace,
At forehearth
stage -
1260°C
Sizing
Chemical
is Added
Finish
Chemical
is Added
Filaments
Are
Bundled
Together
In Furnace,
At melting
stage - 1540°C
Smaller
Filaments
Formed
Filaments
Formed
Through
Batch unit
Molten glass
flows through
Platinum plate
Tiny holes
Pulled
Mechanically
Strands
Formed
67. HAND LAMINATING PROCESS
• Simplest Method of Composite manufacturing
• Glass fiber & epoxy resin common material
Advantages:
Simple process
Low cost
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Not suitable for mass production
26-04-2021 LAPC 67
71. FILAMENT WINDING
• Used For Making Hollow , Circular, Oval Sectioned
Components Like Pipes, Storage Tanks, Pressure
Vessel
Advantages
• Economic Process
• Very Fast Process
Disadvantages
• Poor Surface Finish
• Complex Shapes Difficult To Produce
26-04-2021 LAPC 71
76. PULTRUSION PROCESS
• Continues process used to produce long, straight,
constant cross section products like beams, rods,
pipes.
Advantages:
Automated process
Continuous & high speed process
Disadvantages:
Expensive die
Difficult to produce thin wall , tapered, complex
shape products LAPC 76
80. LIQUID COMPOSITE
MOULDING
26-04-2021 LAPC 80
• It is also called as Resin Transfer Moulding
(RTM)
• It is used to produce Small complex aircraft and
automotive components, train seats
• It is cost effective process
• Consists of Injection ports, Air vents, Guide Pins &
gaskets
93. 26-04-2021 LAPC 93
Advantages:
• Simple
• Mould tool design
• Flexible method
• Better surface finish
Disadvantages:
• High capital cost
• Skill laminators need
• High maintenance cost
94. BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS
Part A&B
1. Write the Advantages of Structural Foam Injection
Moulding
2. Sketch &Show the parts of Calendaring
3. Differentiate between thermoplastics &
thermosetting plastics
4. What are Engineering Plastics? Give Example.
5. Define Autoclave Processing
6. What is Filament Winding?
26-04-2021 LAPC 94
95. 7. What is Liquid Composite Moulding?
8. Write the Advantages and Disadvantages of
Pultrusion process
9. Define Pultrusion
10. List out Various Matrix materials
11. What is Elastomers?
12. Define Composite
13. Mention the Application of Filament Winding
14. List out the Constituents of Composite
15. Name the Different Composite manufacturing
Techniques
16. What are the two major types of plastics?
LAPC
96. 17. Write the properties of plastics
18. What are the design consideration of plastic
components?
19. What are the two types of twin screw extruder?
20. What are the frictional properties of plastics?
26-04-2021 LAPC 96
97. Part C
1. With a simple sketch, Explain Rotational Moulding
2. Explain the manufacturing Process of Glass Fibers
with a schematic diagram.
3. Explain with neat sketch the Single Screw Extruder
4. Explain with neat sketch the Plunger type
Extrusion
5. Explain the Reciprocating Screw Injection
Moulding
6. Explain the Gas Injection Moulding process
7. With a neat sketch explain Calendaring Process
98. 8. Explain the various types of Plastics available
9. Explain the various factors to be considered for the
selection of Plastic Material
10.With a neat sketch explain the functioning of twin
screw extruder
11.Briefly explain the characteristics of Composite
Manufacturing
12.With a neat sketch, Explain the Filament Winding
Process
13.Explain the Pultrusion process of composite
manufacturing with neat sketch
14.Write the short notes on (i) Structural Foam
Injection Moulding (ii) Rotational Moulding
26-04-2021 LAPC 98