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Wind energy
- 1. UNIT – 3 WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 1
- 3. Flow of air around the earth 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 3
- 4. What is Wind Energy? Wind possess kinetic energy is called wind energy 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 4
- 7. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 7 • The circulation of air in the atmosphere is caused by the non-uniform heating of the earth’s surface by the sun • Wind speeds increase with height • Air movement is affected by earth rotation
- 8. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 8 Wind Speed Remarks Below 3 m/s Unsuitable for wind power system 3 – 4.5 m/s May not reliable for wind power systems 4.5 – 10 m/s Suitable for wind power system
- 9. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 9 Factors affect the nature of the wind: Latitude of the place Altitude of the place Topography of the place Scale of hours, month or year
- 11. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 11 The output of the wind energy converter is depends on The wind speed5 TO 20 The cross section of the wind swept by rotor The overall conversion efficiency of the rotor, transmission system and generator , pump
- 12. • Wind mill converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy • Kinetic energy = ½ m V2 • Mass, m = ρA V • Kinetic energy = ½ ρA V3 watts Wind power α V3 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 12
- 13. • Power coefficient = 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 13
- 14. Forces acting on the blades 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 14
- 15. 1.Circumferential force • Acting in the direction of wheel rotation • It provide torque • T = {ƞρDV3 }/ 8Ng N i c 2. Axial force • Acting in the direction of wind stream • It provide thrust • Fx(max) = {ПρD2V2 } / 9gc U.ARA iVIND, LECT/MECH 44 2 July 2020
- 16. Forces acting on the wind 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 16
- 17. 1. Drag force • Acting in the of wind direction 2. Lift force • Acting perpendicular to the wind direction Lift Drag 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 17
- 19. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 19 •For estimating the wind energy potential of a site, data collected from Site is known as wind data. •Wind speed •Wind direction •Wind power •Wind direction variation
- 21. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 21 Wind speed Turbine height Site cost Ground nature Local ecology Transportation Altitude of the site Nearness of the local user Environmental facts
- 23. I. Based on axis of rotation a) Horizontal axis machines b)Vertical Axis machines II. Based on size a) Small scale machines (upto 2kW) b) Medium scale machines (2- 100kW) c) Large scale machines (100kW and ) 2 July u 202 p 0 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 54
- 24. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 24 III. Based on the type of Output power a) DC output b) AC output IV. Based on the rotational speed a) Constant speed with variable pitch blades b) Nearly constant speed with fixed pitch blades c) Variable speed with fixed pitch blades
- 25. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 25 V.Based on the utilization of output a) Battery storage b) Direct connections to an electromagnetic energy converter c) Interconnection with conventional electric utility grid d) Thermal potential storage
- 27. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 27 Main components : Tower Yaw control Rotors Gear box Generator Power regulation and controlling unit Safety system
- 34. Advantages of WECS 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 34
- 35. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 35 •Renewable & available at free of cost •Eco friendly •No fuel transportation •No ash disposal •Less maintenance
- 36. Disadvantages of WECS 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 36
- 37. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 37 •Not available continuously •Cost of wind turbine is high •Turbine design is complex •High investment •Noisy operation
- 39. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 39 I. Horizontal Axis wind machines a) Horizontal axis using two aerodynamic blades b) Horizontal axis Propeller type using Single blade c) Horizontal axis multi blade type d) Horizontal axis Dutch type
- 40. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 40 II. Vertical Axis windmachine a) Savonius type b) Darrieus type
- 45. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 45 • The axis of rotation is horizontal • It consists of rotor, supporting structure, gear box, generator • Rotor blades made of metal or composite materials
- 59. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 59 • The axis of rotation is vertical • Its also known as Cross wind axis machine • No need of yaw control mechanism • Heavy components placed on the ground
- 62. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 62 Schemes for electric generation Constant speed - constant frequency system (CSCF) Variable speed - constant frequency system (VSCF) Variable speed - Variable frequency system (VSVF)
- 65. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 65 • When power generation is excess, the excess energy would be stored • Energy may be used in the varies forms Heat, Mechanical, Electrical
- 66. •For low & intermediate electric power - Battery storage 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 66
- 68. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 68 •For agriculture operation (green house, drying crops) - Heat storage •For pump water from reservoir - Mechanical storage(Water power storage) •Compressed air storage
- 70. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 70 •Pumping applications •Direct heat applications •Electricity generation applications
- 73. • The computer • Emergency stop • Revolution counter • Parachutes • Lightning rod • Vibration sensor •E 2 July l20 e 20 ctronic th U.A e RAV r IND m , LECT/M o ECH 10 4
- 79. 2 July 2020 U.ARAVIND, LECT/MECH 79 • Electro magnetic interference • Noise • Electric shock • Throwing ice • Tower collapse • Damage occur in radio signals • Blade failure • Birds life