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‰õΩ@∞OÉÏÅ∞, =Úã≤¡O =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ‰õÄ_® x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# HÍ~°}OQÍ ™ê=∂#º áê~î°‰õΩʼnõΩ W|ƒOk HõeyOKÕ, Ѩ~î°#jÅ`« ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxH˜ J=~À^èŒOáÈ~å@ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å∞, P áÈ~°∞ÉÏ@ ™êy# ~å[H©Ü«∞ ѨH∆ÍʼnõΩ P =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ=∞ `«Å∞¡Å∞ HõeæOKÕ |∞H± Ãã·ì~ÚÖò q^è•<åÅ#∞ J#∞ã¨iOK«ÖË^Œ∞. K«i„`« *Ï˝#O „Ѩ*Ï™êfig∞HõiOK«|_®e—ZO`«QÍ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOKå~°#flk D Hõ^äŒ<åÅ ^•fi~å |Ç≤Ï~°æ`«=∞ø`«∞Ok. P qâıëêOâßÅhfl JO>Ë Jk ™ê=∂#º áê~î°‰õΩ_çfl ‰õÄ_® P‰õ@∞ì‰õΩx K«kqOKÕÖÏ, K«kq# q+¨Ü«∂xfláê~î°‰õΩʼnõΩ JOk"åfiÅx P qâıëêÅ#∞ WO^Œ∞Ö’ q™êÎ~°OQÍ á⁄O^Œ∞Ѩ~åÛ#∞. áê~î°‰õΩ_»∞ ã¨∞ÅÉèíOQÍ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«QÆÅQÍÅ#fl PÖ’K«#`À <å^≥·# Ѩ^Œúux J#∞ã¨iã¨∂Î =KåÛ#∞. P `«~°∞"å`« ™êfi`«O„`«ºã¨=∞~° ã¨∂ÊùiÎ`À ™êy# „Ѩ*ÏáÈ~åÏÅÖ’ áêÖÁæx D Ѩ^Œúu g∞^Œ f~°∞Ê#∞ áê~î°‰õΩʼnõΩ =kÖËâß#∞.K«i„`« ã¨$+≤ìOz# „Ѩ*Ï áÈ~å@Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å rq`« ˆ~MÏz„`åÅ#∞ =¸_»= ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ WKåÛ#∞. ™êfi`« O „`Àº^Œ º =∞OÖ’ Éè Ï QÆ ™ êfi=ÚÖˇ · # =º‰õ Ω Î Å K« i „`« ‰ õ Ω ã¨ O |Okè O z#D ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ L#fl Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å∞ J@∞ ™êfi`«O„`«º ã¨O„QÍ=∞OÖ’ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. P `«~°∞"å`« q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞, ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl <Õ~°∞QÍ P =º‰õΩÎÅ #∞O_ç, P =º‰õΩÎÅ∞ ÖË#ѨC_»∞ P =º‰õΩÎÅ[iy# „Ѩ*Ï áÈ~åÏÅÖ’ JO`«HõO>ˇ „Ѩ^è•# áê„`« =Ç≤ÏOz#O^Œ∞# "åi q=~åÅ#∞ ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ∞, ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞Å∞, ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å #∞O_ç, P `«~°∞"å`« ã¨=∞HÍb# ~°K«~Ú`«Å„Ѩ`ÕºHõOQÍ J#∞|O^èŒO–2 ji¬Hõ „H˜O^Œ =sæHõiOz „Ѩ`ÕºHõOQÍ ã¨=∞iÊOKå#∞. „QÆO^ä•Å #∞O_ç, K«i„`«HÍ~°∞Å∞ â’kèOz, ™êkèOz JHõ∆~°|^ŒúO KÕã≤# „QÆO^ä•Å #∞O_ç D „QÆO^äŒOÖ’ ™êfi`«O„`«ºã¨=∞~°Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å rq`« ˆ~MÏz„`åÅÖ’ PÜ«∂ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å ¿ãHõiOK«@O [iyOk. D „QÆO^äŒO HÀã¨O ÃÑ· q^èŒOQÍ <å‰õΩ JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’H˜ =zÛ#rq`« qâıëêÅ#∞ KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ ã¨=∞„QÆOQÍ ã¨=∞‰õĈ~ÛO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕâß#∞. H˘O`« Jxfl P^è•~åÅ #∞O_ç HÍ"åeû# ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl ~å|@∞ì‰õΩ<åfl#∞. P q^èŒOQÍ ÅaèOz#=∞OkH˜ ã¨O|OkèOz# q=~åÅ HÀã¨O ZO`«QÍ „Ѩܫ∞uflOz<å <å‰õΩ#fl Ѩiq∞`«∞Å ã¨=∂Kå~°O P^è•~°OQÍ D ѨÙã¨ÎHõO ~°∂á⁄OkOk Hõ#∞Hõ P =º‰õΩÎÅ∞, P „QÆO^ä•Å∞, P=Å# ѨÓiÎQÍ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞ÛHÀÖËHõáÈÜ«∂#∞. P HÍ~°}OQÍ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# ã¨=∂Kå~°O ÅaèOK«x Ѩ„uHõÅ *Ïa`åÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® áê~î°‰õΩÅ Z~°∞HõÖ’ LOK«_®xH˜ P^è•~° „QÆO^ä•Å∞–Ѩ„uHõÅ∞P Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å q=~åÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® ѨÙã¨ÎHõOÖ’ á⁄O^Œ∞Ѩ~åÛÅ#fl L^ÕÌâ◊ºO`À, ѨÅ∞ „QÆO^ä•Å J#∞ ji¬Hõ „H˜O^Œ <Õ#∞ ã¨O„ѨkOz# „QÆO^ä•Å, Ѩ„uHõÅ *Ïa`å#∞ WKåÛ#∞. D „QÆO^äŒOÖ’#∞O_ç, ™êfi`«O„`Àº=∞ K«i„`«`À ѨiK«Ü«∞O L#fl ѨÅ∞=Ùi #∞O_ç ¿ãHõiOz# ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl „ѨK«∞i`«"≥∞ÿ# H˘xfl á¶È’Å∞, z„`åÅ∞ ѨÅ∞ „QÆO^ä•Å #∞O_ç, Ѩ„uHõÅ∞, "≥ÉòÃã·@¡ #∞O_ç<åÅæ= ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ lÖÏ¡Å "åiQÍ ã¨OH˜∆ѨÎOQÍ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~åÛ#∞. D ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl, J#∞|O^èŒO fã¨∞‰õΩ#flO^Œ∞#, P *Ïa`å ‰õÄ_® [`«KÕâß#∞.–3 ji¬Hõ „H˜O^Œ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl#∞. J#∞|O^èŒO 1, 2 ÅÖ’ =zÛ# ™êfi`«O„`«º ã¨=∞~°Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å <å „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflxfl Jaè#Okã¨∂Î, <å Hõ$+≤x PǨfixã¨∂Î ZO`À =∞Ok ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞,„Ѩ™êÎ=# J#∞|O^èŒO –3Ö’ KåÖÏ ‰õΩ¡Ñ¨ÎOQÍ Ñ¨Ù#~å=$`«O J~Ú#ѨʘH˜, P qâıëêÅ∞ q∞„`«∞Å∞, ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å∞ ã¨=∂Kå~° ¿ãHõ~°}Ö’ <å „â◊=∞#∞ `«yæOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ `å=Ú ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍW`«~° J#∞|O^è•ÅÖ’ q=~°OQÍ L<åflÜ«∞#fl q+¨Ü«∂xfl áê~î°‰õΩÅ ™œÅÉèíºO HÀã¨O ~°OQÆOÖ’ ky <å‰õΩ J=ã¨~°=∞QÆ∞ KåÖÏ ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl, `«y# z„`åÅ#∞, á¶È’Å#∞„Ѩ`ÕºHõOQÍ ã¨∂zOKå#∞. ¿ãHõiOz <å‰õΩ Ñ¨OÑ≤ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOKå~°∞. J@∞=O˜ ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ, q∞„`«∞Å, ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å *Ïa`å#∞ D „QÆO^äŒOÖ’x Ju =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl W`«~° „QÆO^ä•Å #∞O_ç „QÆÇ≤ÏOz, ‰õÄ_® „ѨHõ˜OK«_»O <å ÉÏ^茺`«QÍ ÉèÏqOKå#∞. P HÍ~°}OQÍ P *Ïa`å#∞ „Ѩ`ÕºHõOQÍP ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl L@OH˜ã¨∞Î#ѨC_»∞ ™ê=∂#º áê~î°‰õΩʼnõΩ z~å‰õΩ HõeyOK«‰õΩO_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ <å ^èŒ#º"å^•Å`À ã¨=∞iÊOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl#∞.<å^≥·# |∞H± Ãã·ì~ÚÖò #∞ J#∞ã¨iOKå#∞. P "åHͺÅ#∞ HÀò–J<£HÀò— KÕÜ«∞_»O H͉õΩO_® z=~°‰õΩ D „QÆO^äŒO ~°∂ѨÙk^Œ∞ÌHÀ=_»OÖ’ `«=∞ Pi÷Hõ–Ǩi÷Hõ ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O"å˜x É’Å∞¤ KÕâß#∞. D q^èŒOQÍ É’Å∞¤ KÕã≤# "åHͺÅhfl W`«~°« „QÆO^ä•Å #∞Oz JOkOz# ã¨Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«ÚÅ∞ [<åÉò ã¨~°fi~ü Jb MÏ<£ (ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£), [<åÉò ¿+H± ÉÏëê„QÆÇ≤ÏOz#qQÍ QÆ∞iÎOKåeûOkQÍ áê~î°‰õΩʼnõΩ =∞#q. D "åHͺÅ∞, ã¨=∂Kå~°O U, U "≥ÚÇ≤ÏnÌ<£ ("≥OHõ@~°OQÍѨÙ~°O), _®Hõì~ü Ü«∞O_ç. ~°Ñ¶≤ (ǨÏ#‡H˘O_»), _®Hõì~ü ÔH.Ü«∞Öò ‰õΩ©ì„QÆO^ä•Å #∞O_ç ¿ãHõiOK«_»O [iyO^À P q=~åÅ#∞ P "åHõºO z=ˆ~fl WKåÛ#∞. D (<≥Å∂¡~°∞), ѨiK«Ü«∞"åHõºO ~åã≤zÛ# L™ê‡xÜ«∂ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O K«i„`ÀѨ<åºã¨‰õΩÅ∞q^èŒOQÍ ZHõ¯_çHõHõ¯_» iѶ¨Ô~<£û W=fi_»O =Å# ™ê=∂#º áê~î°‰õΩ_ç`Àáê@∞QÍ Pã¨H˜Î QÆÅ „áÈÃѶã¨~ü J_»áê ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞} QÍiH˜, K«Hõ¯x =ÚYz„`«O `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã≤ W=fi_»"Õ∞W`«~° ~°K«~Ú`«Å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® P ã¨=∂Kå~°O LѨܫÚHõÎO HÍQÆÅ^Œx ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. P H͉õΩO_®, ѨÙã¨ÎHÍxfl =∞iO`« JO^ŒOQÍ fiÛk^ŒÌ_»OÖ’ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOz# „Ѩ=ÚY z„`«HÍ~°∞Å∞HÍ~°}OQÍ „Ѩu Ãã¯Kü z=~°fl áê^Œã¨∂zHõÅ∞ WKÕÛ Ñ¨^Œú`«∞Å#∞ áê˜OK«ÖË^Œ∞. ¿+H± J|∞ÌÖÏ¡ ™êÃÇÏÉò (q[Ü«∞"å_»), Ü«∞<£.[Ü«∞~å*ò (q#∞H˘O_»), D ѨÙã¨ÎHõOÖ’x <å ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅ∞ Ѩiâ’^èŒ<å`«‡Hõ „QÆO^ä•Å ã¨~°ã¨# KÕi Jq ѨO_ç`«∞ŠѨ~å=∞~°≈ H˘xfl z„`åÅ#∞, á¶È’Å#∞ =∞iO`« JO^ŒOQÍ ~°∂á⁄OkOz WzÛ# „Ѩ=ÚY z„`«HÍ~°∞Å∞=~°‰õΩ =∂„`«"Õ∞ Ѩiq∞`«O H͉õΩO_® ™ê=∂#º áê~î°‰õΩx K≥O`« KÕ~åÅ#flk <å Pâ◊. P =„[yi *ˇã≤ìãπ (q#∞H˘O_»), <å „Ñ¨u ѨÙã¨ÎHÍxfl =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ K«kq `«y# ã¨ÅǨÅ∞–
7.
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PO„^茄Ѩ^Õâò =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JǨÏ=∞‡^£ D áÈ~°∞Ö’ Jâı+¨ Ç≤Ï=∂K«ÅO ZÖÏÔQ·`Õ #_»∞OHõ˜ì Hõ^Œ#~°OQÍxH˜ Hõ^Œe =zÛO^À J^Õ q^èŒOQÍ PO„^è•=x ‰õÄ_® á⁄>ˇuÎ# ã¨=Ú„^ŒOÖÏ `åºQÍÅ ÉÏ@Ö’ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êyOk. Ѩ~°^ÕjÜ«ÚÅ Ñ‘_»##∞ =keOK«∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅO`å UHÀ#∞‡YOQÍ áÈ~°∞ÉÏ@Ö’ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ PO„^èŒ∞Å∞ P =∂~åæ<Õfl Z#∞fl‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. D „Hõ=∞OÖ’ `≥Å∞QÆ∞QÆ_»¤ q∂^Œ Ѩ٘ì ÃÑiy# =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ `«~°`«~åÅ∞QÍ HõÅã≤ "≥∞Åã≤ ã¨Ç¨Ïr=#O ™êyã¨∞Î#fl ™È^Œ~° ã¨=∂#∞Å ^•i<Õ ZOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. =Úã≤¡"Õ∞`«~° [#ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∂ÅÖ’x ™êfi`«O„`«º ã¨=∞~°Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å`À Hõeã≤ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ #_çKå~°∞. z=iHõOÏ POˆQ¡Ü«∞ =Å㨠áêʼnõΩÅ`À áÈ~å_ç ÉèÏ~°`« ™êfi`«O„`«ºã¨O„QÍ=∞OÖ’ `«=∞=O`«∞ ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∂ºxfl JOkOKå~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ ™êfi`«O„`Àº^Œº=∞OÖ’ =Úã≤¡O [#ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∂Å∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# =∞ǨÏ`«Î~° áê„`«‰õΩ JO`«~°æ`«, |Ç≤Ï~°æ`« HÍ~°}ÏÅ∞, *ÏfÜ«∞ ™ê÷~Ú Ñ¨i}Ï=∂Å =¸ÅOQÍ K«i„`«Ö’ ÅaèOKåeû#O`« „áê^è•#º`«, „áê=ÚYº`«, „ѨKå~°O ÅaèOK«ÖË^Œ∞. „áê=∂}˜Hõ ÉèÏ~°`« ™êfi`«O„`Àº^Œº=∞O K«i„`« „QÆO^ä•ÅÖ’ `«y# ™ê÷#O ÅaèOK«Hõ áÈ=_»O =Å# ™êÇ≤Ï`«º, ™êO㨯$uHõ, HõàÏ~°OQÍÅÖ’ =Úã≤¡OÅ `åºQÍʼnõΩ ã¨O|OkèOz# „Ѩ™êÎ=#Å∞ JO`«QÍ JQÆ∞Ñ≤OK«=Ù. D ^Ò~åƒùQƺO =Å# D [#ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∂Å Kåi„`«Hõ ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO [#ÉÏǨïàϺxH˜ PO„^茄Ѩ^Õâò =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ KÕ~°ÖË^Œ∞. P HÍ~°}OQÍ P<å˜ JѨÓ~°fi P`å‡~°Ê}Å∞, `åºQÍÅ∞ K«i„`« QÆ~åƒù# =∞~°∞QÆ∞# Ѩ_çáÈÜ«∂~Ú. „a©+π ÉÏx㨠|O^èŒ<åÅ #∞O_ç q=ÚH˜Îx HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∂, =„[ã¨OHõÅÊO`À,JkfifÜ«∞ áÈ~å@Ѩ˜=∞`À ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ∞ ™êyOz# ™êfi`«O„`Àº^Œº=∞O „ѨѨOK« áÈ~åÏÅ `˘e ã¨=∞~°â◊OMÏ~å=OK«i„`«Ö’ ã¨∞=~å‚Hõ∆~åÅ`À edOK«^Œy# =∞ǨÏ`«Î~° Ѷ¨∞@ìO. D =∞Ǩϟ^Œº=∞OÖ’ ^Õâ◊OÖ’x Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh ¿Ñ~°∞`À "åºáê~°O xq∞`«Î Éèí~°`« QÆ_»¤ q∂^Œ J_»∞QÆ∞Jxfl „áêO`åÅ „Ѩ[Å∞ *Ïu, ‰õΩÅ, =∞`«, =~°æ ÉèË^•Å#∞ =∞~°z ã¨fi~å[º ™ê^èŒ# =∂„`«"Õ∞ Ãјì# POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ u#flQÍ ã¨fi^Õj „ѨÉèí∞=ÙÅ „áêѨHõO ã¨OáêkOKå~°∞. J#∞=∞`«∞Å∞JOu=∞ ÅHõ∆ºOQÍ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. á⁄O^ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ JOwHõiOz# +¨~°`«∞Å#∞ LÅ¡OѶ≤∞OKå~°∞. ^Œ∞â◊ÛùK«~°ºÅ#∞ ã¨Ç≤ÏOK« ÖËx aè#fl`«fiOÖ’ UHõ`«fiO–UHõ`«fiOÖ’ aè#fl`«fiO, JO`«~°æ`« =∂~°æ^Œ~°≈Hõ ã¨∂„`«OQÍ ÉˇOQÍÅ∞ #"å|∞ ã≤~åA^ÒÌÖÏ `˘e™êiQÍ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ q∂^Œ 1757Ö’ áÈ~å@O™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ ™êOѶ≤∞Hõ [#ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∂ÅÖ’ XHõ>ˇÿ# =Úã≤¡O [#ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∞O „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. ã¨fi[#∞Å #=∞‡Hõ„^ÀǨÏO HÍ~°}OQÍ ÉˇOQÍÖòÖ’x áê¡ã‘ J#∞ „QÍ=∞O™È^Œ~° [#ã¨=¸Ç¨Å`À Hõeã≤ "≥∞Åã≤ D áÈ~°∞Ö’ „H˜Ü«∂jÅHõOQÍ áêÖÁæOk. Jk =^ŒÌ HõOÃÑh Ãã·<åºÅ`À [iy# Ü«Ú^ŒúŒÌOÖ’ ã≤~åA^ÒÌÖÏ Ñ¨~å[Ü«∞O áêÅÜ«∂º~°∞.âßOuѨ^äŒ"≥∞ÿ<å, qѨ¡==∂~°æ"≥∞ÿ<å P`å‡~°Ê}ʼnõΩ U<å_»∞ "≥#∞Hõ_»∞QÆ∞ "ÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. P q^èŒOQÍ ÅaèOz# q[Ü«∞O`À `«=∞ ѨÙ<å^Œ∞Å#∞ QƘìѨ~°∞ÛHÀK«∂ã≤#=∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ Ѩ@¡QÆÅ J"åº[ „¿Ñ=∂aè=∂<åŠѶ¨e`«OQÍ ^èŒ# =∂# „áê}ÏÅ#∞ Ѩ}OQÍ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚʼnõΩ P `«~°∞"å`« =∞~À áÈ~å@ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞_»∞ q∂~ü MÏtO J_»∞¤`«yÖÏ~°∞.ÃÑ˜ì ™È^Œ~° ã¨=∂#∞Å`À HõÅã≤ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚʼnõΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ L^Œºq∞OKå~°∞. Jã¨=∂# 1764Ö’ |Hõû~ü =^ŒÌ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ`À PÜ«∞# `«ÅѨ_®¤~°∞. JOQÆ|ÅO, J~°÷|ÅO`Àáê@∞QÍ,`åºQÍÅ`À J=∞~°∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞. J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# q[Ü«∂Å#∞ ™êkèOKå~°∞. JѨÓ~°fi `åºQÍÅ∞, qcè+¨} =∞#ã¨Î`«fiO QÆÅ H˘O^Œ~°∞ ã¨fi^Õj áêʼnõΩÅ∞ Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh Ãã·<åºÅ‰õΩJkfifÜ«∞ ™êǨϙêÅ`À „a©+π =Å㨠áêʼnõΩÅ#∞ ã¨fi^Õâ◊O #∞O_ç áê~°„^Àe ã¨fi^ÕjÜ«ÚÅ JO_»QÍ xÅ=_»O`À P Ü«Ú^ŒúOÖ’ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ q[Ü«∞O ™êkèOKå~Ú. D q[Ü«∞O`ÀáêÅ# ™êkèOK«∞HÀ=_»OÖ’ =∞ǨÏ`«Î~° áê„`« x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ L`«Î~° Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷#OÖ’ |ÅѨ_®¤~°∞. D q^èŒOQÍ ÅaèOz# 17 18
10.
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PO„^茄Ѩ^Õâò =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JǨÏ=∞‡^£ P~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. „a©+π =ºuˆ~Hõ L^Œº=∂ʼnõΩ Ñ¨Ù˜ìxÅ∞¡ J~Ú#@∞=O˜ ɡOQÍÖò #∞O_ç `˘Å∞`« =ǨcÅ∞ q[$OaèOKå~°∞. =∞`« ã¨O|Okè`« Ѩq„`«`«, ã¨fiK«Ûù`«#∞ HÍáê_Õ L^ÕÌâ◊ºO`À =ǨcÅ∞ `˘Å∞`« L^Œºq∞Oz<å, z=~°‰õΩ „Ѩ*Ï ÉÏǨïà◊ºO Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞#fl ã¨=∞㨺ŠѨiëê¯~°O HÀã¨O Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh g∞^Œ, HõOÃÑh `åÉË^•~°¡ÃÑ· u~°QÆ|_»Hõ `«Ñ¨ÊÖË^Œ∞. P „Hõ=∞OÖ’ „a©+π =ºuˆ~Hõ`«#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ =O@ |˜ìOK«∞‰õΩx ™êy# =Ǩc L^Œº=∞O P `«~°∞"å`« ѨÅ∞ Kåi„`å`«‡Hõ ã¨OѶ¨∞@#ʼnõΩ, „ѨMϺu K≥Ok# qKå~°}ʼnõΩ HÍ~°}"≥∞ÿOk. D q^èŒOQÍ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl „Ѩ*ÏáÈ~åÏÅ∞ `≥Å∞QÆ∞QÆ_»¤ q∂^ŒQÆÅ ™ê=∂#º „Ѩ[Å#∞, „ѨÉèí∞=ÙÅ#∞ „ѨÉèÏq`«O KÕÜ«∞HõáÈÖË^Œ∞. P`«‡Q“~°=O QÆÅ „Ѩ[Å∞, „ѨÉèí∞=ÙÅ ã¨O|Okè`«∞Å∞ =Åã¨áêʼnõΩÅ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ P„QÆǨxfl =ºHõÎO KÕÜ«∞_»O P~°OaèOKå~°∞. D P„QÆǨÏO Ju `«fii`« HÍÅOÖ’ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞QÍ Ñ¨ÓiÎ ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ „Ѩ^Œi≈`«=∞~ÚºOk. qâßYѨ@flO QÆ_»¤ q∂^Œ ã≤áê~ÚÅ `˘e u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ 1765Ö’ "≥ÚQÆÖò „ѨÉèí∞=Ù ëê PÅO #∞O_ç k"åxx KÕlH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩO@∞#fl ~å|~üì Hõ¡~Ú"£ L`«Î~° Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷#OÖ’ xÅ^˘‰õΩ¯‰õΩ#fl POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ ^ŒH˜∆} ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâßxfl ‰õÄ_® ѨÓiÎQÍ `«=∞ Jnè#OÖ’ `≥K«∞Û‰õΩ<Õ „Ѩܫ∞`åflÅ∞ „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. P „Ѩܫ∞`åflÅ#∞q[Ü«∂=HÍâßÅ =¸ÅOQÍ "≥ÚQÆÖò áê^Œ∞ëêÅ q∂^Œ XuÎ_ç ÃÑOz 1765Ö’ "≥ÚQÆÖò ^ŒHõ∆}ÏkÖ’ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å*Ϻkè<Õ`« ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb KåÖÏ ^Œ$_è»OQÍ Z^Œ∞~˘¯<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞##∞„ѨÉèí∞=Ù ëê PÅO #∞O_ç ɡOQÍÖò k"åxx Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh ÔH·=ã¨O KÕã¨∞‰õΩOk. „ѨuѶ¨∞˜OK«_®xH˜ Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh Z<Àfl <å@HÍÅ∞ P_®eû=zÛOk. W@∞P<å˜ #∞O_ç ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ q∂^Œ „a©+π =Åã¨áêʼnõΩÅ ÃÑ`«Î#O ѨÓiÎQÍ ã≤÷~°Ñ¨_» ™êyOk. =∞~å~îåÅ#∞, J@∞ x*ÏO#∞ `À_»∞`≥K«∞ÛHÀ"åeû =zÛOk, ‰õΩ„@Å∞ KÕÜ«∂eû =zÛOk.Dq^èŒOQÍ ÅaèOz# ÃÑ`«Î#O Pã¨~åQÍ Jxfl=~åæÅ „Ѩ[Å#∞, ã¨fi^Õj „ѨÉèí∞=ÙÅ#∞ Dãπì J<å˜ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Jkè<Õ`« ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb „a©+π =ºuˆ~Hõ „Ѩܫ∞`åflʼnõΩ ^ŒHõ∆}ÏkÖ’xWO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh áêʼnõΩÅ∞, POˆQ¡Ü«∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ ^ÀK«∞HÀ=@O P~°OaèOKå~°∞. ã¨fi^Õj áêʼnõΩÅ∞ J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ ã¨ÊOkOK«HõáÈ~Ú<å, PÜ«∞# ™êǨÏã¨Hõ$`åºÅ∞, ™êkèOz# `˘e<å˜ „Ѩ*ÏáÈ~åÏÅ∞ q[Ü«∂Å∞ =∂„`«O ã¨fi^ÕjáêʼnõΩÅ Ãã·#ºOÖ’x ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ#∞ ÉÏQÍ PHõ@∞ì‰õΩ<åfl~Ú. P „ѨÉèÏ=O #∞O_ç `≥Å∞QÆ∞ QÆ_»¤q∂k ã¨fi^ÕjÃã·x‰õΩÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® q∞#Ǩ~ÚOѨ٠HÍÖË^Œ∞. D ^ÀÑ≤_ç "å`å=~°}O „Ѩ*Å rq`åÅ#∞ J`«ÖωõΩ`«ÅO KÕÜ«∞_»O`À 1763 ^Œ H õ ∆ } Ïk# ZHõ ¯ _» L<åfl â◊ „ `« ∞ =Ù#∞ ^Œ ∞ #∞=∂_» ∞ `« ∂ J„Ѩ u Ǩ Ï `« O QÍ ™êQÆ ∞ `« ∞ #fl„áêO`«OÖ’ ɡOQÍÖò Ö’x Ѷ¨H©~°∞¡–ã¨<åºã¨∞Å∞ HõÅã≤ Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh áêʼnõΩÅ =∞ǨÜ≥∂^èŒ∞_»∞ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb áÈ~å@ QÆ=∞<åxfl QÆ=∞xOK«™êQÍ~°∞.q∂^Œ ^èŒfi["≥∞`åÎ~°∞. „Ѩ[Å JO_»^ŒO_»Å`À á⁄QÆÅ∞ ÃãQÆÅ∞ HõH˜¯# Ѷ¨H©~°∞¡–ã¨<åºã¨∞Å D <ÕѨ^䌺OÖ’ 1780 „áêO`«OÖ’ =∞„^•ã¨∞ ^•HÍ „a©+¨~°¡#∞ `«~°∞=ÚH˘zÛ#u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ =∞Eflëê Ѷ¨H©~ü <Õ`«$`«fiOÖ’ P~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ 1800 =~°‰õΩ ™êyOk. J#O`«~°O ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jbx Z^Œ∞~˘¯<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚʼnõΩ =∞iO`« Ãã·#ºO J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿOk. qâßYѨ@flO,1820 „áêO`«OÖ’ Ñ‘~ü +¨iÜ«∞`«∞ÖÏ¡ <Õ`«$`«fiOÖ’ „a©+π =ºuˆ~Hõ L^Œº=∞O uiy =∞zbѨ@flOÅÖ’ L#fl `«=∞ „Ѩ^è•# Ãã·xHõ ™ê÷=~åÅ #∞O_ç Ãã·<åºÅ#∞ =∞„^•ã¨∞‰õΩ„áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. D L^Œº=∞O Ѷ¨~år L^Œº=∞OQÍ MϺu QÍOzOk. D áÈ~åÏÅhfl `«~°eOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™ê÷xHõ Ãã·xHÍkèHÍ~°∞ʼnõΩ P[˝Å∞ JO^•~Ú. P P[˝Å#∞ =∞zbѨ@flOÖ’xɡOQÍÖò, cǨ~ü `«k`«~° „áêO`åʼnõΩ Ñ¨iq∞`«"≥∞ÿ<å~Ú. Ãã·<åºkèHÍ~°∞Å∞, Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞ `«∞.K« `«Ñ¨ÊHõ áê˜OKå~°∞. qâßYѨ@flOÖ’x ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞ P<å_»∞ Ѷ¨H©~°∞¡–ã¨<åºã¨∞Å∞, Ѷ¨~år L^Œº=∞HÍ~°∞Å ÉÏ@Ö’ „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ# =∞~˘Hõ =∂„`«O kèH¯õ iOKå~°∞. =∞„^•ã¨∞ "≥o§ ÃÇÏ^Œ~Jb q∂^Œ áÈ~å_®Åx *Ïs J~Ú# P^ÕâßÅ#∞ · ü=∞Ǩϟ^Œº=∞O =Ǩc L^Œº=∞O. D L^Œº=∞O Ѷ¨~årÅ∞ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ KÕã≤# HÍÅOÖ’<Õ ã¨fi^Õj Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞ MÏ`«~°∞ KÕÜ«∞HõáÈQÍ POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å q∂^Œ u~°QÆ|_®¤~°∞. 19 20
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PO„^茄Ѩ^Õâò =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JǨÏ=∞‡^£ „Ѩ^äŒ=∞ ™êfi`«O„`«º ã¨=∞~°Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å∞ ѨÓiOz# ã¨=∞~° â◊OMÏ~å"åxfl JOk POˆQ¡Ü«ÚʼnõΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ áÈ~å_®eûOkQÍ, Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh JkèHÍ~°∞Å ÃÑ`«Î#OѨÙK«∞Û‰õΩ#fl `≥Å∞QÆ∞ „Ѩ[Å∞ „a©+¨~°¡ ÃÑ`«Î<åxfl WHõ U=∂„`«O ã¨Ç≤ÏOKÕk ÖË^Œx ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ∞Öˇ· #∞O_ç, PkèѨ`«ºO #∞O_ç ѨÓiÎQÍ q=ÚHõÎO HÍ"åeûOkQÍ q[˝Ñ¨ÙÎÅ∞ ѨOѨىõΩ<åfl~°∞.HõkÖÏ~°∞. L`«Î~° ÉèÏ~°`å=xÖ’ D áÈ~°∞ „áê~°OÉèíO HÍHõ=ÚO^Õ PO„^茖`≥ÅOQÍ} D Hõ^ŒeHõ‰õΩ L`«Î~° ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’ „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ# u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡ „¿Ñ~°}QÍ„áêO`åÅÖ’ P`å‡aè=∂#O QÆÅ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å∞, „a©+π JkèHÍ~°∞Å P[˝Å#∞ MÏ`«~°∞ KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_® xeKå~Ú.Ѩ~å~Ú áêʼnõΩÅ q∂^Œ ã¨=∞~°O ™êyOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ J=HÍâ◊O HÀã¨O Z^Œ∞~°∞u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ Ѩ`åHÍÅ#∞ ZQÆ∞~° "Õã≤# K«i„`« Hõey L<åfl~°∞. K«∂ã¨∞Î#fl áÈ~å@â◊‰õΩÎÅ∞ `«Hõ∆}"Õ∞ PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞ KÕѨ˜ì „a©+π áêʼnõΩÅ#∞ ã¨"åÖò KÕâß~Ú. 1857‰õΩ Ñ¨Ó~°fiO =Ǩc L^Œº=∞O „ѨÉèÏ=O`À `≥Å∞QÆ∞<å@ Ѩ_ç# u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ â◊`«$=Ù#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂–=Úã≤¡OÅ SHõº`« HÍOH˜∆ã¨∂Î „Ѩ[Å#∞ áÈ~å@O kâ◊QÍc*ÏÅ∞ 1857 <å˜H˜ "≥ÚÅHõÖˇ`«Î@O P~°OaèOKå~Ú. 1857‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ PO„^èŒ „áêO`«OÖ’ ™êQÆ=∞x „Ѩu XHõ¯ix HÀ~å~Ú. P „Ѩܫ∞`åflÅÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ ™êy# q[˝Ñ¨ÙÎʼnõΩ ã¨ÊOkOK«xzQÆ∞iOz# u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞Å#∞ „a©+¨~°∞¡ Hõ~°¯â◊OQÍ zkq∞"Õâß~°∞. „a©+¨~°¡ ÃÑ`«Î#O x*ÏO #"å|∞#∞ ¿ÇÏà◊# KÕã¨∂Î u~°QÆ|_»=∞O@∂, HÍ^Œ∞ ‰õÄ_»^ŒO>Ë QÍAÅ∞ `˘_»∞H˘¯xã¨Ç≤ÏOK«ÖËHõ, 1846 „áêO`«OÖ’<Õ Hõ~°∂flÅ∞ lÖÏ¡‰õΩ K≥Ok# „Ѩ*Ï<åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞ #~°ã≤OǨÔ~_ç¤ ‰õÄ~ÀÛ=∞x „ѨHõ@#Å∞, ¿Ñ¡HÍ~°∞¤Å∞ D „H˜Ok q^èŒOQÍ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ #QÆ~°OÖ’ "≥eâß~Ú.„a©+¨~°¡ q∂^Œ u~°QÆ|_ç`Õ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ P „áêO`åxH˜ K≥Ok# =∞~À Ü≥∂^èŒ∞_»∞ =∞ǨÏ=∞‡^£MÏ<£ JO_»QÍ xeKå~°∞. JÖψQ #~°ã≤OǨÔ~_ç¤H˜ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞‰õΩ K≥Ok# ã¨ÖÏO MÏ<£ |Ǩï^Œ∂~ü JѶ¨˚Å∞^ÒÌÖÏ q∂^Œ ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞x, =∞ǨÏ=∞‡^£ „Ѩ=HõÎ ^ŒÜ«∞ LOk.J#∞ <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOz#@∞ì ^•YÖÏÅ∞ L<åfl~Ú.(Article titled 1846 Revolt of PÜ«∞# ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_»‰õΩO_® LO_®e. XHõ"Õà◊ ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_ç#@ì~Ú`Õ QÍAÅ∞ `˘_»∞H˘¯x WO˜Rayalaseema : Some Reflections, by N.Raghavendra, Publihsed in Andhra Pradesh ^ŒQÆæ~° ‰õÄ~ÀÛ=_»O =∞Ozk ... D áÈã¨ì~°¡Ö’ ~åã≤# „ѨHÍ~°OQÍ |Ǩï^Œ∂~ü „Ѩ=iÎOK«History Congress, Proceedings of the Tenth Session, Guntur, 1986, Page.197) D #@ì~Ú`Õ _èçb¡ #∞O_ç WOH˘Hõ ã¨∞ÉèÏ =ã¨∞ÎOk, (x*ÏO–„a©+π ã¨O|O^è•Å∞ (1727#~°ã≤OǨÔ~_ç¤ ™êǨÏ㨠K«i„`« >ˇb ã‘iÜ«∞ÖòQÍ ‰õÄ_® „Ѩ™ê~°O J~ÚºOk. P u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞¡ –1857), ã¨~Àlh Ô~QÍh, q∂_çÜ«∂ ǨÏ∫ãπ Ѩa¡ˆH+¨<£û, ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£, 2002, ¿Ñl.Ѩ˜+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# áÈ~å@ ~°∂áêÅ∞QÍ Ñ¨i}˜u K≥O^ŒHõ =ÚO^Õ P^èŒ∞xHõ PÜ«Ú^è•Å∞, tHõ∆} 319–320)á⁄Ok# Ãã·xHõ |ÅQÍÅ∞ QÆÅ Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh P u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@¡#∞ #eÑ≤ "ÕÜ«∞_»O`À D Ѩiã≤÷u ZO`« ^Œ∂~°O áÈ~ÚO^ŒO>Ë, D q#ux K«kq# =º‰õΩÎÅ∞QÍx, DJq K«i„`«Ö’ `«y#O`« ™ê÷#O á⁄O^ŒÖËHõáÈÜ«∂~Ú. q+¨Ü«∞O `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#fl Z=Ô~·<å QÍx „ѨHõ˜Oz# "Õ∞~°‰õΩ x*ÏO‰õΩ, PÜ«∞# k"å<£‰õΩ P L`«Î~° ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’ ~°QÆ∞Å∞`«∞#fl „a©+π =ºuˆ~Hõ`« u#flQÍ ^ŒH˜∆} ÉèÏ~°`« q+¨Ü«∞O `≥Å∞Ѩ‰õΩ<åfl, D „ѨHõ@#Å#∞ WHõ¯_ç #∞O_ç `˘ÅyOz<å J@∞=O˜ "å~°∞^Õâßxfl ‰õÄ_® K«∞>ËìâßHõ, x*ÏO ã¨O™ê÷#OÖ’ ‰õÄ_» P „ѨÉèÏ=O ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ |ÅѨ_»™êyOk. ^Õ=Ù_»∞, „Ѩ=HõÎ âßáêxH˜ QÆ∞~°=Ù`å~°x ‰õÄ_® ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKÕO`« =~°‰õΩ "≥o§Ok. D ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ#D áÈHõ_»Å∞ ZO`«=~°‰õΩ qã¨ÎiOKåÜ«∞O>Ë áÈ~°∞ÉÏ@ #_»=O_ç "Õ∞O q∂ "≥O@ LOÏ „ѨHõ@#ÅÖ’ "≥Å∞|∞zÛ# Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å#∞ QÆ=∞x¿ãÎ „Ѩ[ŠѨ@∞ì^ŒÅ, P„QÆǨÏO U™ê÷~ÚÖ’JO@∂ ã¨O™ê÷<ånèâ◊√_çH˜ „Ѩ*ÏhHõO <Õ~°∞QÍ ã¨ÅǨ WKÕÛO`« ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ „a©+π =ºuˆ~Hõ`« L<åflÜ≥∂ J~°úO KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û.<≥·*ÏO ã¨O™ê÷#OÖ’ LxH˜x ã¨O`«iOK«∞‰õΩx TѨO^Œ∞‰õΩOk. " The aid of the Almighty and his prophet is present with Afzal-ud-Doula Bahadur who should not fear and be apprehensive. If fearful he should wear bangles JѶ¨˚Å∞^ÒÌÖÏ ... áÈ~°∞ÉÏ@ #_»=O_ç ! and sit at home..... If AfzulooDowla does not act on this paper, another Soobah will be ready form Delhi...If after reading these papers on hearing it a representation is not Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh áêʼnõΩʼnõΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ, POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ PkèѨ`åºxfl made to the king (Nizam) or his Diwan, ....the oath of the swine is on him and if in case of a Hindu the oath of cow...if this paper removed from this place the cures of God andx~°ã≤ã¨∞Î „Ѩ[Å∞ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~å™êQÍ~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ ™êy# POˆQ¡Ü«∞ =ºuˆ~Hõ „ѨKå~° his prophet will rest on the person removing it..." (Highlights of the Freedom MovementHÍ~°º„Hõ=∂ÅÖ’ „Ѩ^è•#OQÍ =∞øbfiÅ∞, =∞ëêÜ«∞H±Å∞, ¿Ñ+ππ W=∂OÅ∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚʼnõΩ in Andhrapradesh - The Freedom Struggle In Hyderabad, Volume II (1857-1885), Govt. of AP, 1956, Page. 8-9)=ºuˆ~HõOQÍ |^Œú q~À^èŒ∞Å∞QÍ =∂i ~å„uO|=à◊√§ =ºuˆ~Hõ HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅÖ’ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞.P<å_»∞ „Ѩ[ÅÖ’ á⁄_»K«∂Ñ≤# D =ºuˆ~Hõ`« POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ =~°‰õΩ =∂„`«"Õ∞ Ѩiq∞`«"≥∞ÿOk. D PǨfi<åÅ∞, „Ѩ[Å q[˝Ñ¨ÙÎÅ∞ #"å|∞‰õΩ U=∂„`«O Ѩ@ìÖË^Œ∞. „a©+¨~°∞¡ã¨fi^Õj áêʼnõΩ_»∞ <≥·*ÏO ã¨O™ê÷<ånèâ◊√_ç Ѩ@¡ ZO`À Q“~°=O Hõey# „Ѩ[Å∞ PÜ«∞##∞ =∂„`«O =ÚOK«∞H˘ã¨∞Î#fl „Ѩ=∂^•xfl „QÆÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. ã¨OѨ#fl=O`«"Õ∞ H͉õΩO_® F |Å"≥∞ÿ# 25 26
14.
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PO„^茄Ѩ^Õâò =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JǨÏ=∞‡^£=∞^ŒÌ`«∞^•~°∞_»∞ `«=∞‰õΩ ^Œ∂~°"≥∞ÿ`Õ JkèHÍ~°O JO`å `«=∞‰õΩ ^Œ∂~°O HÍQÆÅ^Œx ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_®ì~°∞. áÈ~°∞ÉÏ@Ö’ =∞øbfiÅ =∞ǨÏ`«Î~° áê„`«^ŒH˜∆}Ïk #∞O_ç x*ÏO Hõ#∞Hõ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ áêÖÁæ#fl@ì~Ú`Õ `«=∞ PkèѨ`«ºO JO`«OHÍHõ `«Ñ¨Ê^Œx ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_ç# POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ x*ÏO *ÏiáÈ~Ú#@ì~Ú`Õ JO`å *Ïi áÈ~Ú#>Ë¡ „Ѩ^è•#OQÍ Ãã·x‰õΩÅÖ’, „Ѩ[ÅÖ’ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚŠѨ@¡ q^Õfi+¨O =∞iO`«QÍJ<Õ ã≤Î~°"≥∞ÿ# Jaè„áêÜ«∂xH˜ =KåÛ~°∞. JO^Œ∞=Å# u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ „ѨÉèÏ"åxH˜, „Ѩ=∂^•xH˜ ÃÑOá⁄OkOK«_»OÖ’#∂ P<å˜ Kåi„`«Hõ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞‰õΩ ^è•i‡Hõ ѨO_ç`«∞Öˇ·# =∞øbfiÅ∞,x*ÏO ã¨O™ê÷#O U=∂„`«O QÆ∞iH͉õΩO_® LO_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ `«=∞ âßÜ«∞â◊‰õΩÎÅ q[Ü«∞=O`«OQÍ LÖË=∂Å∞ "≥<≥fl=ÚHõQÍ xeKå~°∞. „Ѩ[Å#∞ „¿Ñˆ~Ñ≤Oz "å~°∞ áÈ~°∞ÉÏ@# #_çKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩHõ$+≤KÕâß~°∞. z=~°‰õΩ x*ÏO#∞ =∞Oz KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∂, x~°O`«~°O PÜ«∞#‰õΩ Ñ¨Å∞ Pâ◊Å∞ `«y# q^èŒOQÍ ã¨#fl^Œ∞úÅ#∞ KÕÜ«∞_»OÖ’ =∞øbfiÅ∞ áê„`« ZO`À LOk. D =∞øbfiÅ∞HõeÊã¨∂Î, „Ѩ^äŒ=∞ ™êfi`«O„`«º ã¨O„QÍ=∂xH˜ ^Œ∂~°OQÍ LOK«QÆeQÍ~°∞. „Ѩ[Å#∞ „¿Ñˆ~Ñ≤OK«_»O, „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«_»O`À ã¨iÃÑ@∞ìHÀÖË^Œ∞ Hõ^Œ#~°OQÆOÖ’ JO^Œi HõO>ˇ =ÚO^Œ∞ xeKå~°∞. HõuÎѨ˜ì Hõ^Œ#~°OQÍ# #_çz W`«~°∞ʼnõΩ =∂~°æ^Œ~°≈‰õΩÅÜ«∂º~°∞. z=~°‰õΩ `≥Å¡"åix `«iq∞...`«iq∞ H˘@ìO_ç ! |Å"≥∞ÿ# ¿ãfiK«Ûù–™êfi`«O„`«º HÍOHõ∆‰õΩ, Hõ~°_»∞Hõ˜ì# „a©+π =ºuˆ~Hõ`«‰õΩ „ѨfHõÅÜ«∂º~°∞. Ѩ~å~Ú áêʼnõΩÅ ÃÑ`«Î#O U=∂„`«O #K«Ûx <≥·*ÏO ã¨O™ê÷#OÖ’x „Ѩ[ÅÖ’ D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ =∞øbfi W„|Ç‘ÏO, =∞øbfi JHõƒ~ü, =∞øbfi JÖÏ¡nÌ<£ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞F~°∞Ê, ã¨Ç¨Ï#O ѨÓiÎQÍ #tOKå~Ú. #"å|∞ q∂^Œ Q“~°=O`À u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«_»"Õ∞ H͉õΩO_® u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞ʼnõΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ xÅz =Ú#∞‡O^Œ∞‰õΩ~å"åeûOkQÍ#∂, POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ ÃÑ`«Î#O #∞O_ç q=ÚHõÎO HÍ"åeûOkQÍ#∂ #"å|∞‰õΩ #_çÑ≤OKå~°∞. <≥·*ÏO ã¨O™ê÷#O ~å[^è•x ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ QÆ_»¤ q∂^Œ `˘e™êiQÍ =∞øbfiPǨfi#O ѨeH˜# ™êfi`«O„`«ºHÍOH∆ÍѨ~°∞Å∞ Jk ™ê#∞‰õÄÅO HÍHõáÈ=_»O`À `«=∞ P„QÆǨxfl W„|Ç‘ÏO u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ ÉÏ=ÙÏ#∞ ZQÆ∞~°"Õâß~°∞. P HÍ~°}OQÍ x*ÏO áêʼnõΩÅ∞,`≥Å¡"åi q∂^Œ‰õΩ =∞o§OKå~°∞. P P„QÆǨÏ*ÏfiÅÅ #∞O_ç `≥Å¡"åifl `«iq∞ H˘@ì=∞x, =∞øbfiʼnõΩ, ^è•i‡Hõ ѨO_ç`«∞ʼnõΩ, ^èŒ~°‡„ѨKå~°‰õΩʼnõΩ, Ѷ¨H©~°¡‰õΩ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ ÃÇÏK«ÛiHõÅ∞ *Ïs=∞@∞ìɡ@ì=∞x x<å^•Å∞ L^ŒƒùqOKå~Ú. P x<å^•Å∞ HÍ™êÎ #QÆ~°O QÀ_»Å g∞^Œ „ѨHõ@#Å KÕÜ«∂eû =zÛOk. J~Ú<å U=∂„`«O ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_»Hõ P ¿ãfiKåÛùaèÖÏ+¨µÅ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êQÍ~°∞.~°∂ѨOÖ’ HõxÊOKå~Ú. ("...Faithful to murder the feringhee..." (History of the Deccan P HÍ~°}OQÍ =∞øbfiÅ∞, Ѷ¨H©~°¡ q∂^Œ POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å∞ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ xѶ¨∂ ÃÑÏì~°∞.Vol-II, JDE Gribble, Mitttal Publications, NewDelhi,1990, Page.257). É’~Ú#Ѩe¡Ö’ F Ѷ¨H©~°∞ „a©+π "åiH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ „Ѩɒ^èŒO KÕã¨∞ÎO>Ë J`«xx |OkèOz D „Hõ=∞OÖ’ POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ ÉèíÜ«∞ÃÑ>ËìO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ѩ[Å∞ L^ÕÌâ◊ºÑ¨Ó~°fiHõOQÍ *ˇ·Ö’¡ "Õâß~°∞. P<å_»∞ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚʼnõΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ „Ѩ[Å#∞, #"å|∞#∞ Ô~K«ÛQ˘_»∞`«∂ѨÅ∞ q^è•Å∞QÍ „ѨKå~åÅ∞ ™êyOKå~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi „aQ∑û q=iã¨∂Î, JO˜Oz# Hõ~°Ñ¨„`åÅ∞ K«∂ã≤ P~å^èŒ<å =∞Ok~åÅÖ’ P q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ „Ѩ™êÎqOz „Ѩ[Å#∞<≥·*ÏO ã¨O™ê÷#OÖ’x =∞O„`«∞Å∞, L#fl`åkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ `Õ<≥ѨÓã≤# Hõ`«∞ÎÖÏ¡ =º=ǨÏiOKÕ Lã≤Q˘ÅʉõΩO_® LO_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∞øbfiÅ∞, Ѷ¨H©~°¡ Ѩ@¡ KåÖÏ Hõiî#OQÍ „Ѩ=iÎOKå~°∞. „a©+π"å~°∞. ÃÑ·H˜ ¿ãflǨÏѨÓi`«OQÍ LO@∂<Õ g∞~°∞ WHõ¯_ç #∞O_ç "≥o§áÈO_ç Jx ã¨ÅǨ =ºuˆ~H˜ Jx z#fláê˜ J#∞=∂#O Hõey<å „Ñ¨u Ѷ¨H©~°∞#∞, „Ѩu =∞øbfix x~°ƒOkèOKå~°∞.WKÕÛ"å~°∞. WHõ¯_ç Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Å∞ ÉÏQÍÖË=Ù. q∂ „áê}ÏʼnõΩ =ÚѨC U~°Ê_»=K«∞Û Jx K≥|∞`«∂<Õ D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞, x*ÏO #"å|∞ ZO`« Hõiî#OQÍ „Ѩ=iÎOz<å „Ñ¨[ÅÖ’ POˆQ¡Ü«∞áêiáÈÜÕ∞ÖÏ KÕ¿ã"å~°∞. áêiáÈ`Õ JkèHÍi Ѩ~°∞=ÙáÈ`«∞Ok. „a©+π „ѨÉèí∞`«fiѨ٠<≥·uHõ =ºuˆ~Hõ „ѨKå~°O x~°O`«~°O ™êyOk. P „ѨKå~°O f„=™ê÷~ÚH˜ KÕ~°∞‰õΩx z=~°‰õΩ|ÅO ^≥|ƒuO@∞Ok Jx "åi L^ÕÌâ◊ºO, Jx P<å˜ Ñ¨iã≤÷`«∞Å#∞ POˆQ¡Ü«Ú_»∞ JHõ∆~°|^ŒúO „Ѩ*ÏhHÍxfl áÈ~°∞ÉÏ@ Ѩ˜ìOK«QÍ, ã¨fi^Õj Ãã·x‰õΩÅÖ’ x~°ã¨# *ÏfiÅÅ#∞ ~°yeOzOk.KÕâß_»∞. (1857 `≥Å∞QÆ∞<å@ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞,_®Hõì~ü ÔH.=∞ǨOHÍo,¿Ñl.17–18). Pã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ +¨O+¨µÖò L„=∂ z#fl ‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»∞ WÃѶÎHÍ~°∞Öò =ÚÖò¯ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞Ö’ „a©+π ã¨fi^Õj Ãã·x‰õΩÅÖ’ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ *ÏfiÅÅ∞=ºuˆ~Hõ L^Œº=∂xfl ÖË=nâß_»x JѨʘ HõÅflÖò _Õq_£ã¨<£ L#fl`åkèHÍ~°∞ʼnõΩ iáÈ~°∞ì XHõ "≥·Ñ¨Ù# „Ѩ[ÅÖ’ áÈ~å@O QÆ∞iOz PÖ’K«#Å∞ ™êQÆ∞`«∞O_»QÍ P PÖ’K«#ÅKÕâß_»∞. x*ÏO‰õΩ, „a©+¨µ "åiH˜ q~°∞^ŒúOQÍ =∂Ï¡_ç# "åi#O^Œix, Jq∂~°∞ QÍx, „ѨÉèÏ=O`À <≥·*ÏO ã¨O™ê÷<åxH˜ K≥Ok# Ãã·x‰õΩÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ *ÏfiÅÅ∞ ~°yÖÏ~Ú.™ê^è•~°} áœ~°∞_»∞QÍx ˆH=ÅO ɡkiOz =kÖËÜ«∞_»O =∂„`«"Õ∞ H͉õΩO_® "åix P Ãã·x‰õΩÅ q∂^Œ PkèѨ`«ºO K«ÖÏ~Úã¨∞Î#fl POˆQ¡Ü«∞ L#fl`åkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ U=∂„`«O MÏ`«~°∞x~°ƒOkèOKåÅx P POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi P*Ï˝Ñ≤OKå_»∞. (ÃÇ·Ï^•~åÉÏ^Œ∞ ™êfi`«O„`Àº^Œº=∞ K«i„`«, KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_® ã¨fi^Õj Ãã·<åºkèHÍ~°∞Å∞, Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞ ÉÏǨ@OQÍ u~°QÆ|_ç HõÅHõÅO ã¨$+≤ìOKå~°∞."≥Å∞ÌiÎ =∂}˜Hõº~å=Ù, ¿Ñl.31). 27 28
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PO„^茄Ѩ^Õâò =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JǨÏ=∞‡^£Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh JkèHÍ~°∞Å P[˝Å#∞ ÉÏǨÏ@OQÍ LÅ¡OѶ≤∞Oz #∂`«# áÈ~å@ D q+¨Ü«∂xfl „a©+π Ãã·xHÍkèHÍi Captain Abbot `«# ÖËYÅÖ’ q=~°OQÍK«i„`«‰õΩ <åOk ѨeHÍ~°∞. ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl_»∞. ZO`«=∞Ok Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å#∞ ZÖÏ Li fã≤Ok, ZÖÏ Ñ¶≤~°OQÆ∞ʼnõΩ Hõ˜ì ¿ÑeÛ B~°OQÍÉÏ^Œ∞Ö’ QÆÅ <≥·*ÏO Ãã·#ºOÖ’x HÍŃÅO x*ÏO ~å[ºO ã¨iǨÏ^Œ∞Ì "Õã≤Ok, ZO`«=∞OkH˜ U q^èŒOQÍ tHõ∆Å∞ "Õã≤Ok PÜ«∞# ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl_»∞. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’^•˜ "≥o§ ã¨fi^Õj áêʼnõΩÅ g∞^Œ ^•_»∞Å∞ [i¿ÑO^Œ∞‰õΩ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ x~åHõiã¨∂Î, x*ÏOˆH u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞ÅÖ’ HõxÊOz# x~°ƒùÜ«∞`«, „ѨâßO`«`«Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® P POˆQ¡Ü«Ú_»∞ã¨~üǨÏ^£ ÉÏǨÏ~ü #Ç‘Ï *ÏÜÕ∞OˆQ–n<£ ˆH TѨ~ü Hõ=∞~ü #Ç‘Ï ÉÏO^ÕˆQ Jx ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ `«# L`«Î~åÅÖ’ q=~°OQÍ #"≥∂^Œ∞ KÕâß_»∞. P<å˜ tHõ∆Å J=∞Å∞, PÜ«∂ ã¨OѶ¨∞@#ńѨHõ˜OKå~°∞. ( We will not cross the frontiers of the Nizams dominions and we will not qâıëêÅ#∞ P JOˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi D q^èŒOQÍ q=iOKå_»∞.fight against our own co-religionists - Highlights of the Freedom Movement in Andhra "Õ∞O "≥Ú^Œ@ Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩ#fl 94 =∞Ok Mˇ·nÅÖ’ XHõix LifâßO. #Å∞æixPradesh - Dr. Sarojini Regani, 1972, Page.8). HÍeÛ K«OáêO. XHõ_çfl Ѷ≤~°OQÆ∞Å`À ¿ÑeÛ"ÕâßO. P ^Œ$â◊ºO ZO`À ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°OQÍ P<å_»∞ L`«Î~°ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊OÖ’ ѨÅ∞ Ѩ~å[Ü«∂Å#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞#fl POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ LOk. "å_ç `«Å ^•^•Ñ¨Ù 20 QÆ*ÏÅ ÃÑ·H˜ ZyiOk. "å_ç Ô~O_»∞ KÕ`«∞Å∞ Ô~O_»∞P „áêO`åÅÖ’x ã¨fi^Õj áêʼnõΩÅ q∂^Œ áÈ~å_»_®xH˜ `«=∞#∞ `«~°e™êÎ~°x ã¨fi^Õj "≥·Ñ¨ÙʼnõΩ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù Zxq∞k QÆ*ÏÅ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ Ѩ_®¤~Ú. "åà◊√§ ZO`À =∂=¸Å∞QÍÃã·xHÍkèHÍ~°∞Å∞, ã≤áê~¸Å∞ ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. 1780 „áêO`«OÖ’ Uq^èŒOQÍ<≥·`Õ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü `«=∞‰õΩ qkèOz# tHõ∆Å#∞ QÆ∞iOz q#@O K«∂ã≤ Pâ◊Û~°ºáÈÜ«∂#∞. Ѷ≤~°Oy =ÚO^Œ∞Jb q∂^Œ Ü«Ú^ŒúO KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ Ãã·x‰õΩÅ `«~°eOѨ٠HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xfl ã¨fi^Õj Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞ xÅ|_»¤ =ºH˜Î `«#‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ ™êHõ∆ºO K≥Ñ≤Ê# "å~°∞ ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞x Z^Œ∞@ ã¨=∂^è•#OJ_»¤yOKå~À J^Õq^èŒOQÍ 1857 „áêO`«OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® L`«Î~åkH˜ "≥à◊§_®xH˜ x~åHõiã¨∂Î K≥ѨÊ=Åã≤ =ã¨∞ÎO^Œx „ѨHõ˜OKå_»∞.`«#∞fl Ѷ≤~°OyH˜ Hõ@ì=^ŒÌx HÀ~å_»∞. `å#∞ ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_»#x J<åfl_»∞. <Õ#∞ ##∞fl â◊√„ÉèíѨ~°∞Û‰õΩ<åfl#∞. ^•O`À <å áêáêÅhfl Hõ_çˆQã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl#∞. ZO`«JkèHÍ~°∞Å P[˝Å#∞ ã¨fi^Õj Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞ x~°ã≤OKå~°∞. P x~°ã¨# #∞O_ç L^ŒƒùqOz# `«fi~°QÍ <Õ#∞ ã¨fi~åæxH˜ "≥_ç`Õ JO`« ã¨∞YO Jx LifÜ«∞|_ç# =ºH˜Î J<åfl_»∞...Ѩ@∞ì|_»¤u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞‰õΩ ["Õ∞^•~ü Jg∞~ü MÏ<£, ^Œ¿Ñ¶^•~ü q∂~ü Ѷ≤^• PbÅ∞ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO Mˇ·nÅÖ’ W^ŒÌifl ¿ÑeÛ"ÕâßO, =∞~À #Å∞QÆ∞ix HÍeÛ K«OáêO. #Å∞æiH˜ tHõ∆ `«yæOKåO.=Ç≤ÏOKå~°∞. P ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ Ñ¶≤^• Jb g∞^Œ Ãã·xHõqKå~°} [iÑ≤ PÜ«∞##∞ Li fâß~°∞, =∞~À =O^Œ=∞Ok x~åÜ«Ú^èŒ∞efl KÕã≤ "≥à◊§Q˘ÏìO. F Ü«∂Éèˇ· =∞OkH˜ H˘~°_® ^≥|ƒÅJg∞~üMÏ<£ =∂„`«O POQÆ¡ Ãã·<åºÅ‰õΩ zHõ¯‰õΩO_® `«Ñ≤ÊOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. tHõ∆ qkèOKåO...WOHÍ "Õ∞=Ú KÕÜ«∂eû# W@∞=O˜ Ѩx ZO`ÀLOk. (x*ÏO–„a©+π HõOÃÑh JkèHÍ~°∞Å P[˝Å#∞ `«∞.K« `«Ñ¨ÊHõ áê˜OKÕ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞, ã¨O|O^è•Å∞,ã¨~Àlx Ô~QÍx,q∂_çÜ«∂ ǨÏ∫ãπ Ѩa¡ˆH+¨<£û,ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£,2002, ¿Ñl.326)Ãã·<åºkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞ „ѨHõ˜OK«_»O, POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å`À ã¨~åã¨i `«ÅѨ_»_®xfl ( "...We have already disposed off a goodly number of the 94 prisoners we took in theU=∂„`«O ã¨Ç≤ÏOK«x Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞‰õΩ L^Œ∞º‰õΩÎÖˇ·# first haul of the net; one has been hanged, 4 shot, one blown away from a gun, a frightful sight indeed ; his head ascended about 20 yard in the air and his arms were„Ѩu XHõ¯i q∂^Œ Hõiî# K«~°ºÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. thrown eight yards in either direction! I was astonished to see how coolly they received intelligence that they were to suffer death..." - The Freedom Struggle In Hyderabad, Volume II (1857-1885) Govt. of AP, 1956, Page. 38-39). ÉèíÜ«∂#Hõ tHõ∆ʼnõΩ ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_»x Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å∞ JO`ÕHÍ^Œ∞ ["Õ∞^•~ü z^•ÌMÏ<£ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiOÖ’ x*ÏO ã¨iǨÏ^Œ∞ÌÖ’¡x |∞ÖÏÌ<åÖ’ „a©+¨~°¡ P[˝Å#∞ kèHõ¯iOz# ã¨fi^Õj Ãã·x‰õΩÅ#∞, Ãã·<åºkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ L^ÀºQÍÅ L#fl ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ HÍŃÅO u~°QÆ|_çOk. u~°QÆ|_ç# Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞ ™êú=~åÅ∞ =^Œe "≥o§#∞O_ç `˘ÅyOKå~°∞. ѨÅ∞=ÙiH˜ Hõiî# tHõ∆Å∞ qkèOKå~°∞. LitHõ∆Å∞, Ѷ≤~°OQÆ∞ʼnõΩ Hõ˜ì áÈÜ«∂~°∞. „a©+¨~°¡‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl áÈ~åÏxH˜ x*ÏO ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O HÀˆ~O^Œ∞‰õΩ¿ÑeÛ"ÕÜ«∞_»O P<å_»∞ Ju ™ê^è•~°} q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿOk. „ѨÉèí∞`«fiO ZO`«˜ H˜~å`«Hõ`åfixH˜ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞ g~°∞_»∞ z^•ÌMÏ<£ Ѩk=∞Ok ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞Å`À ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ =KåÛ~°∞. PáêÅÊ_ç<å u~°QÆ|_»¤ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å∞ =∂„`«O tHõ∆ʼnõΩ U =∂„`«O "≥~°=ÖË^Œ∞, ÉèíÜ«∞HõOÑ≤`«∞Å∞ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞ʼnõΩ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O JO^ŒKÕã≤ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ`À â◊„`«∞`«fiO H˘x `≥K«∞ÛHÀ_®xH˜ x*ÏOHÍÖË^∞. P g~°Ü∂^è∞Å∞ =∞~°}tHõÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® „ѨâßO`«OQÍ ã‘fiHõiOz POˆQÜ∂kèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ Œ ≥ Œ ∆ ¡ « #"å|∞ ã≤^ŒúOQÍ ÖË_»∞. JO^Œ∞=Å¡ z^•ÌMÏ<£ #QÆ~° „Ѩ"Õâ◊O KÕÜ«∞QÍ<Õ PÜ«∞##∞, PÜ«∞#Ãã·`«O Pâ◊º~°ºK«H˜`«∞efl KÕâß~°∞. P =∂~°}HÍO_»‰õΩ ã¨O|OkèOz# ÉèíÜ«∂#Hõ ^Œ$âߺÅ#∞ J#∞K«~°∞Å#∞ JÔ~ã¨∞ì KÕ~ÚOKå_»∞. D K«~°º`À „Ѩ[ÅÖ’ P„QÆǨ"ÕâßÅ∞ ÃÑÅ∞¡aHÍ~Ú.„a©+π JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ K«∂_»ÖËHõáÈÜ«∂~°∞. 29 30
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