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Lennard Funk
Shoulder Instability
lenfunk@shoulderdoc.co.uk
www.wrightington.com
Evolution of Instability Surgery
1. Hippocrates cautery – 460 BC
2. Putti-Platt
3. Bristow
4. Open Bankart repair
5. Thermal Shrinkage
6. Arthroscopic Bankart
7. Tailored Approach – Arthroscopic / Open / Combined
www.wrightington.com
Plan
Classification
Pathological Lesions
Management Decisions
Procedure Principles
Arthroscopic & Open
Soft Tissue & Bony
www.wrightington.com
Classification
TUBS AMBRI
Range
Stanmore Classification (Bayley Triangle)
Lewis, Kitamura & Bayley
Current Orthopaedics. 18:97-108. 2004
Less
Muscle
Patterning
Less Trauma
Polar Type III
Muscle Patterning
Non-Structural
Polar Type I
Traumatic
Structural
Polar Type II
Atraumatic
Structural
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Pathology of Shoulder Instability
Polar Type 1 (Traumatic)
1. Soft Tissue Lesions:
Soft Tissue Bankart
SLAP Tears
Capsular Tears (HAGL)
2. Bony Lesions:
Bony Bankart (acute)
Glenoid bone loss
Hill-Sachs
Polar Type 2 (Atraumatic)
Capsular insufficiency
Polar Type 3 (Muscle Patterning)
Motor control & patterns
Proprioception
Scapula stability
Kinetic chain
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Pathological Lesions
Bankart Tear
Bony Bankart
SLAP Tear Rotator Cuff Tear
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Soft tissue Bankart tears
Bankart ALPSA
Bankart ALPSA
Bankart ALPSA
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Bony Bankart
Bony Bankart
www.wrightington.com
Glenoid Deficiency
Inverted pear
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Bony Bankart vs. Deficiency
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Capsular Tears (HAGL)
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Capsular Laxity
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Hill-Sachs Lesion
www.wrightington.com
‘Large’ Hill-Sachs Lesion
> 12.5% of the humeral head diameter
Engaging in a functional position of abduction and external
rotation
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Decisions …
Soft tissue lesions:
Soft tissue surgery
Arthroscopic / Open
Large Bony lesions:
Consider bony procedures
Arthroscopic / Open
www.wrightington.com
Open / Arthroscopic ?
Depends on:
! Experience
! Expertise
! Facilities
! Preference
Shall I phone
a friend?
www.wrightington.com
Outcomes
Recurrence Rates:
4% - no bony defects
67% - with bony defects Burkhart, 2001
More Recent:
4.8% - with bony defects (>25%)
Mologne et al, JSEM, 2007
www.wrightington.com
Bankart Repair Principles:
1. Mobilise capsulolabral tissues
2. Prepare the bone surfaces
3. Repair slightly on to the face of the glenoid
4. Obtain knot security and loop security
5. Repair coexisting lesions
www.wrightington.com
Arthroscopic Bankart repair
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Capsular Plication – How much?
Symptoms – direction of instability
EUA – Cofield & Gagey
From: Copeland, Operative Shoulder Surgery
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Capsular Shift / Plication
www.wrightington.com
Glenoid Deficiency – Modified Latarjet
www.wrightington.com
www.wrightington.com
Glenoid Deficiency - Eden Hybinette
www.wrightington.com
www.wrightington.com
Large Hill-Sachs - Remplissage
www.wrightington.com
Remplissage
www.wrightington.com
Large Hill-Sachs - Allograft
www.wrightington.com
Summary
Polar Type I
traumatic structural
Polar Type II
Atraumatic Structural
Polar Type III
Muscle patterning
Non-structural
Large Bankart Lesion
Bony Bankart
Large Hill-Sachs
Associated Lesions
Consider Bony Procedure
Repair all coexisting lesions
Capsular Laxity
Small Bankart Tear
Small Hill-Sachs
Address capsular
laxity
Clinical
(Classification)
MR
Arthrogram
Glenoid
Bankart
Repair
(scope / open)
Deficiency
Latarjet /
Eden-Hybinette
Humeral
Head
Large
Hill-Sachs
Remplissage /
Allograft
Capsule
HAGL
Repair
(open / Scope)
Hyperlax
Shift / Plication
35

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Anterior shoulder instability st4-6