1. ANCIENT EGYPT
Nile River important water supply; flooded, bringing rich silt for Traded gold, papyrus along the Nile River
farmland. S: Nubia/Kush
Cataract- small waterfalls on the Nile; where cities developed N: Mediterranean Sea borders Europe (Rome)
“Black Land” Egyptians called Kemet (farmland) Hieroglyphs can record trade
“Red Land” Desert on both sides of Egypt (precious metals, gems) (Rosetta Stone.. Shows cooperation between Greece & Egypt)
Deserts on both sides protected Egypt -Division of Upper & Lower Egypt
Pyramids were built out of huge limestone blocks (5,500 lbs) -Narmer/ Menes Unites (Old Kingdom)
Nile: transportation & trade -civil wars
Nubia/Kush to the South -King Menthutotep unites Egypt (Middle Kingdom)
-Hyksos conquer Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt (S) higher land -Ahmose unites Egypt (New Kingdom)
Lower Egypt (N) delta -Ramses II; Syria stops them
-Egypt declines after invasions from other powers
Theocracy: the ruler is a god/ pharoahs- absolute power Polytheism worship many gods
N-Lower Egypt Pharoah – was god/ protected people in afterlife too
S- Upper Egypt (both had own rulers until Narmer/Menes united) Pyramids built as tomb to protect pharoah’s body; filled it with
Dynasty: ruling family jewels, food, slaves, weapons
Old Kingdom- Upper & Lower maintained ids but has same ruler Mummification
-theocracy; Memphis (capital) Hieroglyphs- writing
Middle Kingdom- Civil wars & rebellions until King Methutotep united Frontalism- art
-Thebes (capital) RELIGION: Akhenaten changed main god from Amun to Aten
New Kingdom- civil wars until Ahmose united
-1st pharoah named
Ramses II conquerer
MIX OF RELGION & GOVERMENT