2. Beginning…Beginning…
Ancient Rome begin as a groupAncient Rome begin as a group
of villages along the Tiber Riverof villages along the Tiber River
(Italy).(Italy).
Around 750 B.C. these villagesAround 750 B.C. these villages
united to form the city of Rome.united to form the city of Rome.
3. The Geography of ItalyThe Geography of Italy
The Alps in the north and the Apennines along Italy are the majorThe Alps in the north and the Apennines along Italy are the major
mountain ranges.mountain ranges.
Romans were able to grow a wide variety of crops because of the goodRomans were able to grow a wide variety of crops because of the good
climate.climate.
The Romans used the hills for defense.The Romans used the hills for defense.
They captured water from mountains for crops and drinking.They captured water from mountains for crops and drinking.
8. Divided into three periods:-Divided into three periods:-
ETRUSCAN PERIOD / ROMANETRUSCAN PERIOD / ROMAN
MONARCHY - 753-510BCMONARCHY - 753-510BC
REPUBLICAN PERIOD - 510-44BCREPUBLICAN PERIOD - 510-44BC
IMPERIAL PERIOD / ROMAN EMPIREIMPERIAL PERIOD / ROMAN EMPIRE
- 44-476AD- 44-476AD
9. The EtruscansThe Etruscans
Mystery – their origins are lost toMystery – their origins are lost to
prehistoryprehistory
first humans to live in regionfirst humans to live in region
Migrated from east, north, or south.Migrated from east, north, or south.
Lived north of RomeLived north of Rome
– Region today called “Tuscany”Region today called “Tuscany”
– Enemies of the RomansEnemies of the Romans
Taught the Romans:Taught the Romans:
– Arch in architecture, drainage andArch in architecture, drainage and
sewer-building, phalanx militarysewer-building, phalanx military
formationformation
10. The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic
The Early RepublicThe Early Republic::
division of society into two classes, thedivision of society into two classes, the
aristocratic patricians and the plebeiansaristocratic patricians and the plebeians
The Middle RepublicThe Middle Republic ::
the challenge of Carthage; the Punic Warsthe challenge of Carthage; the Punic Wars
(264-146 BCE).(264-146 BCE).
The Late RepublicThe Late Republic ::
the rise of the equestrian order, a socialthe rise of the equestrian order, a social
class who gained wealth during the Punicclass who gained wealth during the Punic
Wars.Wars.
11. The Early RepublicThe Early Republic
Once a monarchy, the Romans created aOnce a monarchy, the Romans created a
republic.republic.
During difficult wars, the Romans elected aDuring difficult wars, the Romans elected a
dictator (ruler with almost absolute power)dictator (ruler with almost absolute power)
The monarchy was ruled by a king or queen,The monarchy was ruled by a king or queen,
and the republic was lead by elected officials.and the republic was lead by elected officials.
During the first 50 years, the Roman RepublicDuring the first 50 years, the Roman Republic
faced wars with many victories, but also lostfaced wars with many victories, but also lost
many lives and property.many lives and property.
13. Roman SocietyRoman Society
Divided in two groupsDivided in two groups..
Patricians Plebeians
Wealthy, powerful citizens Common people
Nobles Peasants, craftspeople, traders, etc.
Small portion of population Majority of population
Once controlled all aspects of
government
Gained right to participate in govt.
After 218 BC couldn’t trade Could become traders so many became
wealthy
14. PlebeiansPlebeians
In 494 BC plebeiansIn 494 BC plebeians
formed a council andformed a council and
elected their own officials.elected their own officials.
They wanted a changeThey wanted a change
made in the government.made in the government.
Before this, only patriciansBefore this, only patricians
ruled all aspects ofruled all aspects of
government.government.
15. Roman GovernmentRoman Government
Roman government was comprised of theRoman government was comprised of the
Magistrates, Senate, and Assemblies &Magistrates, Senate, and Assemblies &
Tribunes (Tripartite Government = 3Tribunes (Tripartite Government = 3
parts)parts)
– Magistrates - the most powerful/ran the cityMagistrates - the most powerful/ran the city
and in charge of the army/served for one yearand in charge of the army/served for one year
– Senate - advised magistratesSenate - advised magistrates
– Assemblies & Tribunes - represented commonAssemblies & Tribunes - represented common
people.people.
16. Written LawsWritten Laws
The first Roman laws were carvedThe first Roman laws were carved
into 12 bronze tablets.into 12 bronze tablets.
The laws were displayed in theThe laws were displayed in the
forum (public meeting place), soforum (public meeting place), so
everyone would know the laws.everyone would know the laws.
Although the laws changed overAlthough the laws changed over
time, the Twelve Tablets were atime, the Twelve Tablets were a
symbol of how Roman society wassymbol of how Roman society was
governed by laws.governed by laws.
17. The Roman ForumThe Roman Forum
This is where the Twelve TabletsThis is where the Twelve Tablets
were kept.were kept.
Popular meeting place in thePopular meeting place in the
center of Romecenter of Rome
People went there to shop, talkPeople went there to shop, talk
and gossipand gossip
19. Formation of Roman RepublicFormation of Roman Republic
For more than 200 years, kings ruledFor more than 200 years, kings ruled
Rome.Rome.
In 509 B.C. Rome becameIn 509 B.C. Rome became republicrepublic..
The Roman Senate was an assemblyThe Roman Senate was an assembly
of elected representatives. It was theof elected representatives. It was the
single most powerful ruling body ofsingle most powerful ruling body of
the Roman Republic.the Roman Republic.
20. Roman ExpansionRoman Expansion
Under the leadership of ambitiousUnder the leadership of ambitious
generals, Rome’s highly trainedgenerals, Rome’s highly trained
soldiers took over most of the landsoldiers took over most of the land
surrounding the Mediterranean.surrounding the Mediterranean.
The ancient Romans called theThe ancient Romans called the
Mediterranean---Mediterranean--- mare nostrummare nostrum,,
meaning “our sea”.meaning “our sea”.
21. Julius CaesarJulius Caesar
Born 100 BCBorn 100 BC
Consul 60 BCConsul 60 BC
Conquest of Gaul 58-49 BCConquest of Gaul 58-49 BC
Attempted invasion of Britain 55 BCAttempted invasion of Britain 55 BC
50-45 BCE: Civil War; Caesar wins50-45 BCE: Civil War; Caesar wins
22. The End of the Roman RepublicThe End of the Roman Republic
Julius Caesar, was a governor of theJulius Caesar, was a governor of the
territory of Gaul and managed to taketerritory of Gaul and managed to take
control of many nearby territories.control of many nearby territories.
Fearing him the Roman Senate orderedFearing him the Roman Senate ordered
him to resign…but he had other ideas.him to resign…but he had other ideas.
Caesar fought for control and won,Caesar fought for control and won,
becoming the dictator of the Roman world,becoming the dictator of the Roman world,
ending the Roman Republic.ending the Roman Republic.
24. The Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire
Less than a year after gaining powerLess than a year after gaining power
a group of angered Senators stabbeda group of angered Senators stabbed
Caesar to death on the floor of theCaesar to death on the floor of the
Roman Senate. (March 15, 44 B.C.)Roman Senate. (March 15, 44 B.C.)
This caused a civil war that lastedThis caused a civil war that lasted
several years.several years.
In 27 B.C., Caesar’s adopted son,In 27 B.C., Caesar’s adopted son,
Octavian was named the firstOctavian was named the first
emperor of Rome.emperor of Rome.
26. The Roman EmpireThe Roman Empire
AnAn empireempire is a nation or groupis a nation or group
of territories ruled by a singleof territories ruled by a single
powerful leader, or emperor.powerful leader, or emperor.
As emperor Octavian took the nameAs emperor Octavian took the name
Augustus.Augustus.
Augustus ruled the Roman EmpireAugustus ruled the Roman Empire
for more than 40 years, known asfor more than 40 years, known as
the Augustan Age.the Augustan Age.
27. The Augustan AgeThe Augustan Age
During the rule of Augustus theDuring the rule of Augustus the
Roman empire continued to expand.Roman empire continued to expand.
Augustus kept soldiers along all theAugustus kept soldiers along all the
borders to keep peace in the Romanborders to keep peace in the Roman
world.world.
During this time architects andDuring this time architects and
engineers built many new publicengineers built many new public
buildings.buildings.
28. The Augustan AgeThe Augustan Age
During this time trade increased withDuring this time trade increased with
olive oil, wine, pottery, marble, andolive oil, wine, pottery, marble, and
grain being shipped all across thegrain being shipped all across the
Mediterranean.Mediterranean.
Lighthouses were constructed toLighthouses were constructed to
guide ships into port.guide ships into port.
This was also a time of great RomanThis was also a time of great Roman
literature.literature.
29. The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of Christianity
After the death of Augustus in 14After the death of Augustus in 14
A.D. a new religion begin to spread:A.D. a new religion begin to spread:
Christianity.Christianity.
At first it took hold in the easternAt first it took hold in the eastern
half of the Roman Empire.half of the Roman Empire.
By 200 A.D. this religion had spreadBy 200 A.D. this religion had spread
throughout the empire.throughout the empire.
30. The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of Christianity
Christians were viewed withChristians were viewed with
suspicion and suffered persecutionsuspicion and suffered persecution
and many were punished or killed forand many were punished or killed for
their beliefs.their beliefs.
Things changed when ConstantineThings changed when Constantine
became emperor of Rome in 306became emperor of Rome in 306
A.D. During his reign ChristianityA.D. During his reign Christianity
became the official religion of thebecame the official religion of the
Roman Empire.Roman Empire.
31. The Fall of the Roman EmpireThe Fall of the Roman Empire
The empire was too large to governThe empire was too large to govern
effectively.effectively.
The army was not what it used to be.The army was not what it used to be.
There was corruption in the military -There was corruption in the military -
dishonest generals and non-Romandishonest generals and non-Roman
soldiers.soldiers.
Civil wars broke out between differentCivil wars broke out between different
political groups.political groups.
Prices increased, trade decreased.Prices increased, trade decreased.
32. The Fall of the Roman EmpireThe Fall of the Roman Empire
The rich became lazy and showed littleThe rich became lazy and showed little
interest in trying to solve Rome problems.interest in trying to solve Rome problems.
The poor were overtaxed and overworked.The poor were overtaxed and overworked.
They were very unhappy.They were very unhappy.
The population was shrinking due toThe population was shrinking due to
starvation and disease. That made itstarvation and disease. That made it
difficult to manage farms and governmentdifficult to manage farms and government
effectively.effectively.
The increased use of slaves put manyThe increased use of slaves put many
Romans out of workRomans out of work
33. FactsFacts
One of the things theOne of the things the
Romans are most famousRomans are most famous
for is their architecture.for is their architecture.
The Romans brought a lotThe Romans brought a lot
of new ideas toof new ideas to
architecture, of which thearchitecture, of which the
three most important arethree most important are
the arch,the arch,
the baked brick,the baked brick,
the use of cementthe use of cement
the use of concrete.the use of concrete.
Roman architectureRoman architecture
inspired the design ofinspired the design of
the U.S. Capitolthe U.S. Capitol
building!building!
34. FactsFacts
The Romans built thousands of miles of
road to connect the entire empire.
These roads were used up until about 100
years ago when technology advanced!
35. Fun Facts About RomeFun Facts About Rome
The Romans were the first to build aqueducts.The Romans were the first to build aqueducts.
36. FactsFacts
Ancient Rome had as many as 900 public baths.Ancient Rome had as many as 900 public baths.
Small baths held about 300 people. The largestSmall baths held about 300 people. The largest
bath held 1500 people. Bathhouses were built allbath held 1500 people. Bathhouses were built all
over the Roman Empire. The most impressiveover the Roman Empire. The most impressive
ones were found in the city of Rome. They wereones were found in the city of Rome. They were
decorated with marble and statues.decorated with marble and statues.
