2. Early Egypt
Irrigation and farming techniques led to an (1)
EXCESS of food, so people had time to weave,
sculpt, make pottery, and make weapons and tools
This led to trade among Egyptian settlements and
eventually other (2) CIVILIZATIONS
It also created a need for a (3)
CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT.
3. Governments Emerge
Village chiefs unified area
villages into small (4)
KINGDOMS
By (5) 4000 BC, two strong
kingdoms remained: (6)
LOWER EGYPT IN
THE NILE DELTA,
AND UPPER EGYPT
UP RIVER IN THE
SOUTH
4. Unification
C. 3100 BC, (7) MENES, also known as Narmer, was
king of Upper Egypt
He invaded Lower Egypt with his army and ruled from the
new capital, (8) MEMPHIS, on the border between Upper
and Lower Egypt
To symbolize unification, Menes wore a double crown
The white helmet-like crown represented (9)UPPER
EGYPT
The open (10) RED crown represented Lower Egypt
5. The Narmer Palette
The falcon represents
Narmer, wearing the crown Horus, the god of kingship
of Upper Egypt, a false
beard, and tail, ready to
strike the enemy.
Reed plants, which grow in
A royal sandal bearer the Nile Delta, represent
carries Narmer’s shoes Lower Egypt
6. First Dynasty
Menes and his family were the first Egyptian
(10) DYNASTY, or series of rulers from the
same family or ethnic group
Overall, Egypt had (11) 31 dynasties between
3100 BC - 322BC
7. Old Kingdom: 2686-2125 BC
During the Old Kingdom, Egypt was (12)
PEACEFUL, which led to growth and prosperity
Pharaohs built cities, expanded trade, and strengthened
the government
(13) TRADE was primarily with Nubia and the east
coast of the Mediterranean
It came to an end when the dynasties grew weak because
(14) GOVERNORS CHALLENGED THE
PHAROH’S POWER
8. Middle Kingdom: 2055-1650 BC
A time of (15) PEACE and order
Money was spent on (16) PUBLIC
WORKS INSTEAD OF WAR
Weaker rulers came to power and foreign
invaders took over
9. New Kingdom: 1567-1069 BC
Strong princes came to power and drove out
foreigners
Created huge (17) ARMIES made of foot
soldiers, mounted warriors, and charioteers
with bronze swords and armor, a major
advantage
This was the high point in Egyptian history
10. After the New Kingdom
(18) CIVIL WAR weakened the country
and ended the New Kingdom
In (19) 332 BC, Alexander the Great of
Macedonia conquered Egypt
The (20) ROMANS conquered
Egypt in 31 BC
