Geologic time scale
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The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into sections called eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on major changes. It describes several important periods including the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. The Paleozoic era saw the first appearance of hard-shelled animals and plants colonizing land. It ended in a mass extinction event. The Mesozoic era was dominated by reptiles such as dinosaurs, until another mass extinction wiped them out. The current Cenozoic era is when mammals and eventually humans evolved.
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Rock Types
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Geology Time Scale
The geologic time scale is a system used by scientists to describe Earth's history by dividing it into standardized units of time based on stratigraphy and significant events. The first geologic time scale was proposed in 1913 and has since been refined using data from radiometric dating and revisions to the fossil record. It divides Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs with the Phanerozoic Eon being the most recent period of time spanning from over 500 million years ago to present day.
Origin of the Earth & Geologic Time
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2) The Mesozoic Era (251-65 million years ago) which was dominated by reptiles like dinosaurs and saw the rise of mammals and the breakup of Pangaea.
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Fossils are the remains or traces of ancient plants and animals preserved in rock. They provide evidence of lifeforms that existed millions of years ago. Fossils form when the hard parts of organisms, such as bones, shells, or bark, become buried and slowly replace with minerals from groundwater. Over millions of years, the remains take on the properties of the surrounding rock. Fossils give insights into early life on Earth and how organisms have evolved over long periods of geological time.
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The document summarizes the geological time scale which divides Earth's history into different eras, periods, and epochs based on fossil and stratigraphic evidence. It describes the four eons of Earth's history starting with the Hadean and Archean eons of the earliest lifeforms like bacteria. It then outlines the major eras - Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic - describing some of the significant lifeforms, events, and environmental changes that occurred during each period within these eras. The largest unit of the geological time scale is the eon, while the smallest is the epoch.
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The document summarizes the formation and early history of Earth and life:
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2) Life first emerged around 3.8-2.5 billion years ago in the form of primitive microbes like cyanobacteria and archea.
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Geological Time Scale
The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into sections including eons, eras, periods and epochs. The largest section is the eon, with the Precambrian and Phanerozoic eons covering over 4 billion years of history. Key events mentioned include the first life forms in the Archean era, marine invertebrates in the Proterozoic, and the rise of dinosaurs, mammals and modern life forms in the Phanerozoic. Several important periods are highlighted such as the Carboniferous, Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
Geologic time scale_1
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The document summarizes the history of life on Earth from its beginnings around 4 billion years ago to the present. It describes how life first emerged on Earth through natural chemical and physical processes, with the earliest life forms being microspheres composed of amino acids and RNA. These eventually developed into the first prokaryotic cells through self-replication of their RNA. Further evolution led to eukaryotic cells through endosymbiosis, and complex multicellular organisms developed over time, with major diversifications and several mass extinction events altering life on the planet.
Earth History ppt
I believe that the more you know about the past, the better you are prepared for the future.
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Fossils
Fossils provide evidence about past life on Earth. A fossil forms when an organism is buried after death and the remains are slowly replaced with minerals over millions of years. Fossils give clues about ancient environments and organisms, and help show how life has evolved over time. The fossil record is incomplete as only a small fraction of organisms become fossilized.
Plate Tectonics
The document discusses plate tectonics and the structure and dynamics of the Earth's interior. It describes how the crust is broken into plates that move atop the mantle due to convection currents, and the three types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they move together, and transform where they slide past each other. It provides examples of associated geological features like mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, volcanoes, and earthquakes.
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This document provides an overview of the history of life on Earth from its beginnings over 4.5 billion years ago to the present. It describes how the early Earth formed and cooled, allowing for the emergence of the first life forms like bacteria in the Precambrian era. The Cambrian explosion saw the first major diversification of multicellular life, including in the seas. Subsequent eras like the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic witnessed further evolution and radiation of life on land and sea, including plants, insects, dinosaurs, mammals, and eventually humans. Mass extinctions periodically wiped out much life, paving the way for new species to evolve and fill ecological niches.
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Rocks
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The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into sections called eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on major changes. The largest eras include Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. The Precambrian saw the emergence of life. The Paleozoic was dominated by marine invertebrates. The Mesozoic was the 'Age of Reptiles'. The Cenozoic era sees mammals rise to dominance. Mass extinctions marked transitions between eras.
Geological time scale
The document summarizes the geologic time scale, which is divided into eras, periods, and epochs based on fossil evidence showing changes in Earth's organisms over its 4.56 billion year history. The largest divisions are eras, including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and current Cenozoic. Each era is characterized by the dominant lifeforms and events of that time period. The geologic time scale helps break up Earth's history into more manageable chunks for study.
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Solar System and its Origin)
The document summarizes key features of the solar system. It discusses that the solar system formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust according to the nebular hypothesis. The inner terrestrial planets are rocky with thin atmospheres, while the outer gas giants are low density with thick atmospheres. Recent exploration has found evidence of liquid water on Mars' surface and geological activity on Pluto from images taken by spacecraft like Rosetta and New Horizons.
The geological time scale
The geological time scale records 4.6 billion years of Earth's history divided into eras, periods, and epochs based on studying rock layers and fossils. It begins with the Precambrian era which covers 88% of Earth's history. The timescale includes the Paleozoic era of ancient life dominated by invertebrates like trilobites; the Mesozoic era of middle life dominated by dinosaurs and the breakup of Pangaea; and the ongoing Cenozoic era of recent life dominated by mammals including the evolution of humans.
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Life likely arose between 3.85-3.5 billion years ago, as evidenced by stromatolites and microfossils from that period. Experiments show organic molecules can form naturally through chemical reactions in the atmosphere and near hydrothermal vents on the early Earth. It is proposed that self-replicating RNA molecules were able to evolve through natural selection in an "RNA world" before DNA and proteins existed, allowing for the emergence of the first living cells.
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This slide describes various theories about origin of the earth, like nebular theory, big bang theory, etc.
Geological Time Scale
The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into sections including eons, eras, periods and epochs. The largest section is the eon, with the Precambrian and Phanerozoic eons covering over 4 billion years of history. Key events mentioned include the first life forms in the Archean era, marine invertebrates in the Proterozoic, and the rise of dinosaurs, mammals and modern life forms in the Phanerozoic. Several important periods are highlighted such as the Carboniferous, Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
Geologic time scale_1
The geologic time scale is a system used to describe Earth's history by dividing it into units of time based on changes in lifeforms and rock layers. It begins over 4.6 billion years ago with the formation of Earth and extends to the present. Major divisions include eons like the Precambrian and Phanerozoic, eras like the Paleozoic and Cenozoic, and periods like the Jurassic and Quaternary. Life began as single-celled organisms and evolved over billions of years to include complex plants and animals, with major extinction events periodically wiping out many species. The current geologic period is the Quaternary, which began over 2 million years ago and includes the evolution
Origin of Life
Presentation is about the "Origin of Life". Many theories being proposed to clearly explains how does Life actually came into existence on our planet Earth.
Geologic time (Earth Science)
The document summarizes key topics in geologic time including:
1) Fossils, their types and classification of organisms. 2) Principles of relative dating such as superposition and cross-cutting relations. 3) Dendrochronology and its use in dating features. 4) An overview of the geologic time scale from the Hadean Eon to periods in the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras.
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The document summarizes key events in Earth's history from the formation of the solar system to the present. It describes the origin of life beginning with simple prokaryotes over 3 billion years ago. The first complex eukaryotic cells emerged around 1.7 billion years ago, followed by multicellular organisms over 700 million years ago. The development of land plants and animals is outlined through the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, along with changing climates and configurations of the Earth's continents and oceans. Absolute and relative dating methods are also summarized that are used to determine the age of geological features and fossils.
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The document discusses how geologists use rocks and fossils to understand Earth's history. Rock layers and fossils provide evidence about past life forms and environmental conditions. By analyzing things like rock formations, unconformities, and the fossils contained within rocks, geologists have learned that Earth is much older than previously believed and has undergone geological changes over long periods of time. Radiometric dating techniques also allow geologists to estimate the age of rocks and events in Earth's history.
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The document discusses the Precambrian Eon, which lasted over 4 billion years and comprised approximately 88% of geologic time. During the Precambrian, the Earth had a different atmosphere and hydrosphere than today. The earliest atmosphere was likely hydrogen and helium but was lost to space. Once Earth developed a magnetosphere, volcanism led to an atmosphere forming via outgassing, but it lacked free oxygen and an ozone layer, containing gases like carbon dioxide, ammonia and methane instead.
History Of Life On Earth
The document summarizes the history of life on Earth from its beginnings around 4 billion years ago to the present. It describes how life first emerged on Earth through natural chemical and physical processes, with the earliest life forms being microspheres composed of amino acids and RNA. These eventually developed into the first prokaryotic cells through self-replication of their RNA. Further evolution led to eukaryotic cells through endosymbiosis, and complex multicellular organisms developed over time, with major diversifications and several mass extinction events altering life on the planet.
Earth History ppt
I believe that the more you know about the past, the better you are prepared for the future.
-Theodore roosevelt
Fossils
Fossils provide evidence about past life on Earth. A fossil forms when an organism is buried after death and the remains are slowly replaced with minerals over millions of years. Fossils give clues about ancient environments and organisms, and help show how life has evolved over time. The fossil record is incomplete as only a small fraction of organisms become fossilized.
Plate Tectonics
The document discusses plate tectonics and the structure and dynamics of the Earth's interior. It describes how the crust is broken into plates that move atop the mantle due to convection currents, and the three types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they move together, and transform where they slide past each other. It provides examples of associated geological features like mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, volcanoes, and earthquakes.
Origin of the universe
The document discusses the Big Bang theory and how it relates to both science and theology. It provides background on the development of the theory, including key discoveries and scientists like Einstein, Hubble, Gamow, and Lemaitre. It also discusses how the formation and conditions of the early universe allowed for the eventual emergence of life on Earth through natural chemical processes. The document concludes that science and faith are not in conflict but rather provide complementary visions of the world.
History of life on earth
This document provides an overview of the history of life on Earth from its beginnings over 4.5 billion years ago to the present. It describes how the early Earth formed and cooled, allowing for the emergence of the first life forms like bacteria in the Precambrian era. The Cambrian explosion saw the first major diversification of multicellular life, including in the seas. Subsequent eras like the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic witnessed further evolution and radiation of life on land and sea, including plants, insects, dinosaurs, mammals, and eventually humans. Mass extinctions periodically wiped out much life, paving the way for new species to evolve and fill ecological niches.
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Rocks
Rocks are naturally occurring mixtures of minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter that are divided into three main types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - based on how they were formed. Rocks are continually changed over time by various geological processes through the rock cycle, where one type of rock can be transformed into another through weathering, erosion, melting and other changes. The core, mantle and crust act as a recycling machine that redistributes rocks.
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geological time scale
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- Geologists have divided Earth's history into time intervals of varying lengths marked by significant geological or biological events, such as mass extinctions.
- The time scale includes eons like the Phanerozoic Eon which are hundreds of millions of years long and divided into eras like the Cenozoic, Mesozoic and Paleozoic marked by very significant events. Eras are further divided into periods which are also defined by boundary events.
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I had created this presentation for myself about the Geologic timescale and Natural History of the Earth in terms of Galactic Years
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Prehistory 1: Geologic Timeline- Notes on the geologic & life history of Ear...
This document provides information about Earth's prehistory and geologic timeline. It discusses how Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, and life has changed the planet's chemistry over the past 3/4 of geologic time. Five major extinctions have occurred, including the K-Pg extinction that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. Mass extinctions are caused by long-term stresses combined with short term catastrophic events. Recovery of biodiversity after extinctions can take 5-10 million years as weedy species repopulate the planet. The eras of geologic time - Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic - are summarized along with significant developments in life during each period
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Geologic timescale and natural history of the earth
Geologic timescale and natural history of the earth
Prehistory 1: Geologic Timeline- Notes on the geologic & life history of Ear...
Prehistory 1: Geologic Timeline- Notes on the geologic & life history of Ear...
Similar to Geologic time scale
Geologic time scale
The document divides Earth's geologic history into a time scale consisting of eons, eras, periods, and epochs. Major changes in lifeforms or the environment define the boundaries between these divisions. The Precambrian era spanned from Earth's formation 4.6 billion years ago until 542 million years ago and saw the emergence of early prokaryotic and then eukaryotic life. Mass extinctions, such as those at the ends of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, were often caused by catastrophic asteroid impacts or climate change and marked transitions between eras.
geologictimescale-100620233836-phpapp01-161007091843 (1).pdf
The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into units of time based on changes in lifeforms and geology. It describes the largest divisions as eons, which are divided into eras, then periods and epochs. Key periods mentioned include the Carboniferous when coal plants formed coal deposits, the Permian which saw the largest mass extinction, the Jurassic when dinosaurs and mammals emerged, and the Cretaceous when dinosaurs went extinct. The document also briefly outlines the major eras and periods in Earth's history from the earliest Cryptozoic Eon to the current Cenozoic Era.
GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE.pptx
The document summarizes the Geologic Time Scale, which divides Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on major geological events. It describes the four eons - Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic - and provides details about key periods within the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic eons, including major developments in life forms. It also outlines the basic structure and units of the Geologic Time Scale.
Earth Science 3.5 : Time Marches On
The document summarizes key aspects of geologic timescales including:
1) Rock layers at places like the Grand Canyon provide evidence of nearly 2 billion years of Earth's history. Fossils preserved in sedimentary rocks also provide information about geologic eras.
2) Geologists have divided Earth's history into a geologic timescale including eons, eras, periods, and epochs to better study the planet's natural history.
3) Mass extinction events have occurred where a large percentage of species suddenly die off, such as the extinction that ended the Paleozoic era killing nearly 90% of marine species. Climate changes are believed to be a cause of some extinctions.
geologic time scale_gen bio 2.pptx
The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists, paleontologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies, paleomagnetic properties, and fossils. The definition of standardized international units of geologic time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective[1] is to precisely define global chronostratigraphic units of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICC)[2] that are used to define divisions of geologic time. The chronostratigraphic divisions are in turn used to define geochronologic units.[2]
While some regional terms are still in use,[3] the table of geologic time presented in this article conforms to the nomenclature, ages, and color codes set forth by the ICS as this is the standard, reference global geologic time scale – the International Geological Time Scale.[1][
Prehistory 1 new
This document provides information about prehistory and the geologic timeline of Earth. It discusses the major eras - Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic - and how life evolved during each era. Key events include the emergence of oxygen-producing cyanobacteria, the five major mass extinctions, the rise and fall of the dinosaurs, and the dominance of mammals in the Cenozoic era. Interactive labs and videos are suggested to help students learn about Earth's 4.5 billion year history in an engaging way.
GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE.pdf
The document summarizes the Geologic Time Scale, which divides Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on major geological events. The four eons are Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic. Key events included the emergence of life, oxygenation of the atmosphere, formation of the supercontinent Pangaea, the five major extinction events, and the rise of mammals. The current epoch is the Holocene, within the Quaternary period of the Cenozoic era.
Geological Time Scale.pptx
The document provides a timeline of major geological eras and periods from the formation of Earth 4.6 billion years ago to present day. It describes how scientists divided Earth's history into a geological time scale based on studying rock layers and fossils. The eons, eras, periods and epochs are outlined, with key events noted such as the first life in the Archean Era, mass extinctions in the Permian and Cretaceous periods, and the rise of mammals and humans in the Cenozoic Era. Major periods like the Carboniferous, Jurassic, and Quaternary are highlighted for their significance.
Geologic-Time-Scale.pdf
The document provides an overview of the geological time scale by:
1) Describing how Earth's history is divided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on changes in lifeforms seen in the fossil record.
2) Summarizing some of the major events that occurred during different periods of the Phanerozoic Eon, including the appearance of simple life, dinosaurs, mammals, and humans.
3) Explaining two mass extinction events, including one that wiped out the dinosaurs, likely caused by asteroid impacts or volcanic activity altering the climate.
A view of the earth’s past
This document provides an overview of geologic history from the Precambrian era to present day. It describes the major eras, periods, events, climate changes, organisms, and theories of evolution that are recorded in the layers of rock and fossil records. The document is organized chronologically, with each era and period summarized in terms of dominant life forms, environmental conditions, and significant developments or extinctions. Major theories like plate tectonics and mass extinction events are also outlined.
Geological Time Scale
The document summarizes the geological time scale which divides Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on fossil and radiometric evidence. The four eons are the Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and current Phanerozoic eon which is divided into the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and current Cenozoic era. Key periods include the Cambrian which saw an explosion of life, the Devonian which was the age of fishes, and the Mesozoic era in which reptiles dominated until the rise of mammals in the Cenozoic. The geological time scale provides a framework for understanding how life and the planet have evolved over
Narrative Report on Geologic time scale
1. The document outlines the major periods in the geologic history of Earth from the Precambrian Eon to the present Cenozoic Era. It describes the major life forms, events, and changes that occurred during each period.
2. The periods are organized into larger divisions of geologic time including eons, eras, and periods. The Precambrian saw the earliest life forms evolve. The Paleozoic saw the Cambrian explosion of life and the rise of fish and land plants.
3. Mass extinctions occurred between periods, including the end-Permian mass extinction which wiped out 95% of marine species. The Mesozoic saw the rise of dinosaurs and mammals. It
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY UNIT 1 PART 3.pptx
The document summarizes the geological time scale which divides Earth's history into standardized units of time. It discusses the major eons, eras, and periods that make up the time scale based on studying rock layers and fossils. Key events include the earliest life in the Archean Era, mass extinctions like the Permian extinction, dinosaurs dominating the Jurassic period, and the asteroid impact that wiped out dinosaurs in the Cretaceous period, paving the way for modern mammals including humans in the Quaternary period. The geological time scale provides context for major developments in Earth's 4.6 billion year history.
geologicaltimescale-180802143533.pdf
The document summarizes the geological time scale which divides Earth's history into different eras, periods, and epochs based on fossil and stratigraphic evidence. It describes the four eons of Earth's history starting with the Hadean and Archean eons of the earliest lifeforms like bacteria. It then outlines the major eras - Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic - describing some of the significant lifeforms, events, and environmental changes that occurred during each period within these eras. The largest unit of the geological time scale is the eon, while the smallest is the epoch.
History of life on earth
The document discusses the history of life on Earth through fossils and the geologic time scale. It describes how fossils provide evidence of past life and how scientists use relative and absolute dating to determine the age of fossils. The geologic time scale divides Earth's history into eras characterized by dominant organisms, including the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Mass extinctions periodically wiped out many species, possibly due to meteor impacts or volcanic activity. Plate tectonics caused the continents to move over time.
The geological time scale
1) The document discusses the geological time scale which is used to divide Earth's history into standardized units including eras, periods, and epochs.
2) Scientists have studied rocks and fossils worldwide to develop the time scale and determine how life has changed over time on Earth.
3) Major events in Earth's history like asteroid impacts have caused mass extinctions and influenced the conditions and diversity of life.
The geological time scale
The document discusses the Geological Time Scale which is used to divide Earth's history into eras, periods and epochs based on fossil and rock evidence. It describes the major eras - Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic - along with key environmental conditions and lifeforms that existed during each era, noting major extinction events. The timeline shows how life on Earth has evolved and changed dramatically over its approximately 4.5 billion year history.
The Geologic Time Scale .pptx
The document provides information about the geologic time scale. It begins by defining the geologic time scale as a timeline that chronologically relates geological eras, periods and epochs based on stratigraphy and life forms throughout Earth's history.
It then outlines the four main divisions of the geologic time scale - eon, era, period, epoch. The rest of the document describes each of the eons, eras, periods and epochs in detail, providing the time ranges and key events that occurred during each period of Earth's history from the Pre-Cambrian eon to the present Holocene epoch. It also includes two short tests at the end to assess comprehension.
GEOLOGIC-TIME-SCALE.pptx
The document provides an overview of the geologic time scale by describing the major eons, eras, periods, and epochs that have occurred throughout Earth's history from 4.6 billion years ago to present day. It notes key events such as the formation of the early Earth and oceans during the Hadean and Archean eons, the emergence of early life forms in the Precambrian eon, the explosion of animal diversity in the Cambrian period, the rise of reptiles and dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era, and the extinction of dinosaurs paving the way for mammals in the Cenozoic era. The summary covers Earth's geologic and biological progression from its formation to the current era.
the geologic timescale general biology 2.pptx
The document provides information about the Geologic Time Scale, which is a system that chronologically relates geological strata and fossils to time periods in Earth's history. It describes the four main divisions of the Geologic Time Scale (eon, era, period, epoch) and discusses some of the major time periods within each, including key events and life forms that existed during these periods, from the earliest parts of Earth's history to the present day. A brief quiz is included at the end to test the reader's understanding.
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Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 1. Geologic Time Scale
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