A brief and useful presentation on the Geological Time Scale and the animals during that time.

1. GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE
Earth and Space
Science- Project

2. • After getting into slide show, use the following home button to
go through all the slides. (home buttons
have hyperlinks)
• There are four rooms each for one eons.
• Each eon has two or more cabins.
• For the fourth eon a context table will be provided for all its
periods. You can easily go through all of them using the above
home bottoms.
• Home button has its specification written side to it.
Instructions

3. • Room no. 1- Hadean Eon
• Room no. 2 – Archean Eon
• Room no. 2 – Proterozoic Eon
• Phanerozoic Context
Eon Content

4. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
• Cabin no. 3
Hadean Eon Cabins
Go Back To Eon
Content

5. (4.6 billion years ago – 3.8 billion
years ago)
Hadean Eon
Go Back To
Hadean Context

6. • Eon is named after Greek god
of underworld- Hades.
• Conditions of earth were
similar to underworld.
Go Back To
Hadean Context

7. • Earth was full of hot magma
and molten rock material.
• Primitive atmospheric
conditions and lack of
oxygen.
Go Back To
Hadean Context

8. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
Archean Context
Go Back To Eon
Content

9. (3.8 billion years to 2.5 billion
years ago)
Archean Eon
Go Back To
Archean Context

10. • High volcanic activity
• No free oxygen in Earth’s
atmosphere. Includes gases
like methane, ammonia and
other toxic gases.
No large continents,
only small patches of
land spread all over the
globe.
Go Back To
Archean Context

11. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
Proterozoic Eon Context
Go Back To Eon
Content

12. (2.5 billion years to 542 million
years ago)
Proterozoic Eon
Go Back To
Proterozoic Context

13. • Scientists hypothesized that life
began in late archean eon.
• But fossils found till now are
from late Proterozoic Eon.
• Eon was still dominated by
bacteria
• Evidences for O2 in atmosphere.
• First pollution crisis- added
more oxygen in atmosphere.
Go Back To
Proterozoic Context

14. • Triassic
• Jurassic
• Cretaceous
• Palaeogene
• Neogene
• Quaternary
• Cambrian
• Ordovician
• Silurian
• Devonian
• Carboniferous
• Permian
Periods of Phanerozoic
Go Back To Eon
Content

15. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
• Cabin no.3
Cambrian Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

16. (542 million years ago to 488
million years ago)
Cambrian Period
Cambrian Context

17. • Metazoan Phylum with hard
parts made its first
appearance.
• Time of great evolutionary
innovation.
• Organisms were represented
by classes.
• Start fish, brittle stars and sea
urchins were unfamiliar and
haven’t evolved yet.
Cambrian Context

18. • Rodinia began to fragment
into smaller continents.
• World climate was mild and
there was no glaciation.
• Oceans became oxygenated.
• Oxygen depleting bacteria
reduces resulting in higher
oxygen levels in waters.
Cambrian Context

19. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
• Cabin no.3
Ordovician Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

20. (488 million years ago to 444
million years ago)
Ordovician
Period
Ordovician Context

21. • Diverse marine invertebrates-
graptolites, trilobites,
brachiopods.
• During upper Ordovician,
major glaciation centred in
Africa occurred resulting in a
server drop in sea level
contributing to ecological
disruption and mass
extinction.
Ordovician Context

22. • Northern area was almost
entirely ocean and most of
the world’s land was
collected into southern
supercontinent- Gondwana.
• Formation of glacier in south
pole caused shallow seas and
lower sea level.
Ordovician Context

23. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
• Cabin no.3
Silurian Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

24. (444 million years ago to 416
million years ago)
Silurian Period
Silurian Context

25. • Stabilization of Earth’s
climate, ending previous
extreme climatic fluctuations.
• Evolution of fishes.
• First clear evidence of life on
land.
• Evolution of vascular plants.
Silurian Context

26. • No major volcanism.
• Major events in Eastern
North America and North-
western Europe to form
mountain chains.
• Rise in sea level created new
habitats.
• Low continental elevations.
Silurian Context

27. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
• Cabin no.3
Devonian Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

28. (416 million years ago to 359
million years ago)
Devonian Period
Devonian Context

29. • Two major animal groups
colonized the land.
• First tetrapods (land living
vertebrates)
• First terrestrial arthropods and
earliest arachnids.
• Devonian Seas were dominated
by brachiopods.
• Spread of terrestrial vegetation.
• Late Devonian saw the
emergence of lycophytes,
sphenophytes, ferns and
progymnosperms.
Devonian Context

30. • World’s land was collected
into two supercontinents,
Gondwana and Euro America.
• Collision of North America
and Europe resulted in
massive granite intrusions
and raising of the
Appalachian Mountains.
• Great uplift of sediments
which were deposited in vast
lowlands and shallow seas.
• Mass extinction was triggered
by lowering of global sea
level (glaciation).
Devonian Context

31. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
Carboniferous Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

32. (350 million years ago to 299
million years ago)
Carboniferous
Period
Devonian Context

33. • Term is reference to the rich
deposits of coal (ideal
conditions).
• Amniote Egg: gave ancestors
of birds, mammals and
reptiles to lay eggs.
• Early period had more
uniform, tropical and humid
climate like today.
• Shallow, warm and marine
waters often flooded
continents.
Devonian Context

34. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
Permian Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

35. (299 million years ago to 251
million years ago)
Permian Period
Permian Context

36. • Affected marine communities
most, extinction of most
marine species.
• Extinction of diapsids and
synapsids paved the way for
dinosaur age.
• Earth’s tectonic plates fused
into one supercontinent-
Pangaea.
Permian Context

37. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
• Cabin no. 3
Triassic Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

38. (251 million years ago to 200
million years ago)
Triassic Period
Triassic Context

39. • Largest extinction in history
of life, a time when the
survivors spread and
recolonized.
• Pangaea existence altered
global climate and ocean
circulation.
Triassic Context

40. • Breaking of Pangaea formed
Gondwana in the south and
Laurasia in north
• No occurrence of shallow sea
• Most of inland area was
isolated from the cooling and
moist effects of ocean.
• Globally arid and dry climate.
Triassic Context

41. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
Jurassic Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

42. (200 million years ago to 146
million years ago)
Jurassic Period
Jurassic Context

43. • Great plant eating dinosaurs,
smaller carnivores and
oceans full of fish, squid, and
coiled ammonites, and long
necked plesiosaurs.
• Saw the origin of first birds.
• Different floras, no palm
trees.
Jurassic Context

44. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
• Cabin no. 3
Cretaceous Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

45. (146 million years ago to 65
million years ago)
Cretaceous
Period
Cretaceous Context

46. • Breakup of continent-
Pangaea.
• Creation of large
geographical isolation.
• Increased regional
differences in floras and
faunas.
• Seasons began to grow more
pronounced as the global
climate become cooler.
Cretaceous Context

47. • First appearance of flowering
plants.
• Ferns dominated open, dry
and low nutrient lands.
• Conifer diversity was fairly
low in higher latitudes in
northern hemisphere.
• Modern groups of insects
began to diversify- ants,
butterflies.
Cretaceous Context

48. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
• Cabin no. 3
Paleogene Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

49. (65 million years ago to 23
million years ago)
Paleogene
Period
Paleogene Context

50. • Appearance of early
mammals.
• On land horses, deer, camel,
elephants and primates
began to dominate
(exception- Australia).
• Late Oligocene marked
expansion of grasslands and
prairies.
Paleogene Context

51. • Ice free high precipitation.
• Separation of Antarctica and
Australia created a deep
water passage.
• Marine biotic provinces
became more fragmented as
sea dwellers capable of
withstanding cooler
temperatures.
Paleogene Context

52. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
• Cabin no. 3
Neogene Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

53. (23 million years ago to 2.5
million years ago)
Neogene Period
Neogene Context

54. • Expanding open vegetation
systems- deserts, tundra.
• Mammals and birds
developed new forms.
• Cooling and warming of of
global environment
contributed to enormous
spread of grasslands and
savannas.
Neogene Context

55. • Plate tectonics contributed to
the rise of the Andes
Mountains in South America.
• Many places experiences
acidification.
• Tectonic plates were
somewhat similar to today.
Neogene Context

56. • Cabin no. 1- Intro Slide
• Cabin no. 2
• Cabin no. 3
Quaternary Period Context
Phanerozoic Periods
Context

57. (65 million years ago to present)
Quaternary
Period
Quaternary Context

58. • It was during Pleistocene
Epoch most recent episodes
of global cooling took place.
• Extinction of Pleistocene.
• Saw expansion of our
species- Homo Sapiens.
Quaternary Context

59. • Age of human and space
explorations.
• By late Holocene's humans
spread all over the planet
developing technologies.
Quaternary Context