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تجارب مميزة في البحث النوعي وتطبيقاته
- 1. النادي رعاية تحت الثويني سليمان–القحطاني عبدالرحمن–الفاخري يزيد–السويدي فيصل–عجين أحمده 15سبتمبر2014 الندوة مدير:عجينه سهيل بن أحمد
- 3. What is qualitative research? Why researchers need qualitative research? What are the characteristics of qualitative research? What are qualitative research methods?
- 4. Research design involves specifying your philosophical assumptions, your research method, which data collection techniques you will use, your approach to qualitative data analysis, your approach to writing up, and, if applicable, how you plan to publish your findings The first step is deciding upon a TOPIC 4
- 6. Qualitative Researchers study “phenomena” (people and their thoughts) in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them • Instead of asking how many times consumer use mobile banking, you ask ‘‘WHY...?’’ Texts are means of analysis
- 7. Qualitative research is a type of scientific research that: • seeks answers to value creation and delivery in mobile banking services explore customers’ value perceptions of offered service • collects evidence from service suppliers and consumers 7
- 8. To gain more in-depth information that may be difficult to convey quantitatively To better understand value creation in mobile banking services from banks’ perspectives To gain new perspectives on value perceptions from customers’ perspectives which knowledge is incomplete or need more examination 8
- 9. qualitative research quantitative research Interpretivist Positivists Research process is inductive. Research process is deductive. Exploratory nature Casual and relationship measurement Thematic analysis Statistical analysis Subjective analysis Objective analysis Understanding and description Hypothesis testing Texts Numbers Generalization to context Generalization to theory Uses a relatively small sample Uses a relatively large sample Lincoln & Guba, 1985
- 14. Inductive thinking (Qualitative) Interviewee X: ‘‘The use of mobile banking is easy and convenient. I can access it from anywhere and at anytime’’. Mobile banking adoptionEase of use
- 15. Deductive thinking (Quantitative) Hypothesis 1: There is a relationship between easy of use and mobile banking adoption. Ease of use Mobile banking adoption + / -
- 19. 1. Theming ◦ What is the theme of the interview?
- 20. 1. Theming ◦ What is the theme of the interview? ◦ It’s your Research Questions
- 21. 2. Designing ◦ How will the intended knowledge be obtained?
- 22. 2. Designing ◦ How will the intended knowledge be obtained? ◦ Design your Interview Questions
- 23. Introductory Questions ◦ Warm up questions Followup Questions ◦ Listen for “Red Lights” Probing Questions ◦ Unlimited scope question Specifying Questions ◦ Exact information Direct Questions Introducing a new topic Indirect Questions Projective questions Structuring Questions Transitioning to new topics Interpreting Question Clarifying questions Silences
- 24. 3. Interviewing ◦ Conduct the interviews carefully
- 25. Establish a rapport Treat interviewees with respect Think about your appearance Think about body language Maintain firm eye contact Don’t invade their space
- 26. How are you going to record? ◦ Tape recorder ◦ Pen and paper – must be verbatim ◦ Video recorder But whichever you use, you must do a verbatim recording of the interview, both questions and answers.
- 27. 4. Transcribing ◦ Converting interview into written text
- 28. 4. Transcribing ◦ Converting interview into written text ◦ Must include everything said. Can be in appendix of thesis or on a CD.
- 29. 5. Analysing ◦ Based on the appropriate type of investigation ◦ (Yazeed Alfakhri & Faisal Alswaidi)
- 30. 6. Verifying ◦ Checking that validity, reliability of the findings. ◦ (Ahmed Ajina)
- 31. 7. Reporting ◦ Communicate findings in a scientific and ethical manner.
- 32. 7. Reporting ◦ Communicate findings in a scientific and ethical manner. ◦ In the thesis/ dissertation document
- 38. 1. Preparing the data 2. Developing codes, themes & categories 3. Drawing conclusion
- 39. Transcribing Organising the data (Recorder, Notes, Documents...etc) Translating Read Read Read
- 40. Code ◦ “Tags or labels for allocating units of meaning to the descriptive or inferential information compiled during a study” (Basit, 2003, p. 144).
- 41. Q: Can you tell me more about XX? A: (This company donate and support charity just to show people that it is a good company in order to increase its reputation and not to help the society). Fake Donation
- 44. FINDING CHAPTER: 1 Social Responsibilities 1.1 Economy 1.1.1 Job creation 1.1.2 Developing country economy 1.1.3 Support local production 1.2 Legal 1.2.1 Follow rules 1.2.2 Inform customers 1.3 Ethical 1.3.1 Not to increase price 1.3.2 Cheap labour 1.3.3 High working hours
- 45. Discussion It aims to identify the relations between categories & answer the research questions
- 46. DICUSSION CHAPTER: 1. Research Question 1? Answer: 1.1.............................. 1.1.2....................... 2. Research Question 2? Answer: 2.1.............................. 2.1.1....................... Etc...........
- 55. To put all pieces together. We do not want our house to collapse
- 56. Positivism Terms The need is still existed to maximize the truth VERY IMPORTANT: Subjectivism ≠ Bias
- 57. Repeatability is rejected in qualitative research. i.e. two researchers doing the same research reporting similar findings. Assessing the procedures to make sure they are systematic and accurate. Examples
- 58. Objectivity is rejected in qualitative research i.e. the study is independent form the researcher values. Qualitative is subjective and the research + context providing meaningful interpretation to the data Efforts devoted to ensure that the results show the participants’ view not the researcher’s view. Example
- 59. Validity: the questions measure what we intend to measure. Not fully rejected. In fact these qualitative assess the data differently. Not concerns about the truthiness, but the authenticity. honesty, fairness, and accuracy of the research in reporting the partcipants’ views Example
- 60. Internal Validity: to what extend we are sure that the outputs are results of the inputs. Not fully rejected Results are congruent with reality Examples: prolonged engagement, triangulation, peer debriefing
- 61. The External Validity refers to the ability of data to be generalized. The decision to judge the ability of the data to be generalized is up to the reader. Claim locality, explain the setting Example, Saudi vs. Qatari challenges to learn English
- 62. Thank you….