Algae Research Facility for Biofuel Development

AN ALGAE RESEARCH FACILITY FOR BIOFUEL AND BYPRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
INTEGRATING ALGAE CULTIVATION SYSTEM TO BUILDING ARCHITECTURE
A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
School of Architecture, Industrial Design & the Built Environment Mapua Institute of Technology
Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap
Adviser
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in Architectural Design 11 (AR200 S/ -2S) for the
Degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE
Presented by
Robielyn Navarro Ang
2007105974 AUGUST 2011

This is to certify that I have supervised the preparation of and have read the ALGAE RESEARCH FACILITY FOR BIOFUEL AND BYPRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT prepared by ANG, ROBIELYN N. and that the said thesis proposal has been recommended for acceptance and approval for oral
defense by the Thesis Evaluation Committee.
__________________________________
Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap
Adviser
As members of the Thesis Evaluation Committee, we certify that we have reviewed and examined this thesis proposal with the grade of
__________ and hereby recommend that it be accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements in AR200/ -2S –Architectural Design 9 for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture.
_________________________ _________________________
Arch. Aristeo Garcia Arch. Socorro Gacutan
Panel Member 1 Panel Member 2
_________________________
Arch. Daniel Dayan
Committee Chair
This thesis proposal is hereby approved and accepted by the School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture.
____________________________
Arch. Gloria B. Teodoro, fuap, piep
Dean School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment

Abstract
Today’s technology and knowledge in science and architecture
can help reduce waste and improve quality of life.
Most innovation and developments are in concern about global issues
such as climate change that causes global warming.
In Architecture, Green development promotes sustainability and biodiversity
while reducing the carbon dioxide impact to the built environment.
The promising solution is being proposed
as Algae research and development based energy,
fuel and food will answer challenges globally, particularly in the Philippines.
The proposal aims to contribute solution to the economic crisis in imported oil
as a source of energy and encourage researchers
to develop programs that would contribute to the growth of local industries.

Acknowledgement
First and foremost I would like to thank God, our creator for his guidance all the time
and for giving me strength in order to live life, learn, and particularly to work this thesis proposal,
hereby completing my degree in Architecture.
To all who have been part of this proposal, I would like to express my deepest thanks
without you guys such piece would have not been finished.
To my Thesis Adviser(s) Architect Junar Tablan and Architect Michelle Pernia,
who have guided me through all with patience and encouragement.
To my Parents, Juan Ang and Leonida Ang who had been supporting me from the start,
with love, care, guidance, understanding and patience. Thank you and I love you both with all my heart.
To my colleagues and Friends who had been there with me in my college life,
thank you for the adventures we shared along these years of ups and downs.
To Epeks; Gem, Steph, Karen, Joy, and Lek for every contribution you guys have shared with me.
For the discussions, support, advice, encouragement, hangouts, sleepovers, and to everything
we have shared along these years and to coming more years. I love you guys a lot! Thank you very much.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies 3
1.4 Significance of the Research 4
1.4.1 Industrial Significance 4
1.4.2 Environmental Significance 4
1.4.3 Economic Significance 4
1.4.4 Architectural Significance 4
1.5 Scope and Limitations 5
1.6 Research Framework 5
1.7 Review of Related Literature 5
1.7.1 Worldwide Algae Research and Development 5
1.7.2 Algae to Biofuel 7
1.7.3 RA 9367 (Biofuel Act of 2006) 9
1.7.4 Algae Architecture 11
CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 12
2.1.1 Archival 12
2.1.2 Focused Interviews 12
a. Research Instruments 12
b. Oral Investigation 13
2.2.3 Case Studies 15
a. Research Support Facility (RSF) 15
b. Carbon Capture Corporation – ARC 17
c. CELLANA : Algae based products for a sustainable future 18
2.2.4 Findings and Design Recommendation 19
a. Summary of Findings 19
b. Design Guidelines / Recommendation 19
CHAPTER 3 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA 22
3.1 Project Profile and Analysis 22
3.1.1 Description of the Project 22
3.1.2 Project Rationale 22

3.1.2 Project Practicability 22
3.2 Site Profile and Analysis 23
3.2.1 Criteria for Site Location 23
3.2.2 Site Options 24
3.2.3 Site Selection and Justification 24
3.2.4 The Site 25
3.2.5 Laws and Ordinance (Site) 25
3.2.6 Site Analysis 30
3.2.7 Site Development Options / Schemes 32
3.2.8 Site Pictures 33
CHAPTER 4 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION 34
4.1 Design Concepts 34
4.1.1 Architectural 34
4.1.2 Structural 34
4.1.3 Utility 35
4.1.4 Lighting 36
4.1.5 Water and Sewage 36
4.2 Design Objectives 37
4.3 Design Strategy 37
4.4 User Analysis 40
4.5 Space Programming and Allocation 41
4.6 Organizational Chart 57
4.7 Behavioural Analysis 58
4.8 Space Circulation 59
4.9 Site Computation 62
CHAPTER 5 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PRESENTATION 63
5.1 Site Development Plan 64
5.2 Architectural Concept 65
5.3 Production Building Plans 66
5.4 Research Facility Plans 67
BIBLIOGRAPHY OR REFERENCES 68
APPENDIX

LIST OF FIGURES AND ILLUSTRATIONS
Research Framework 5
Supersized Algae Bioreactors 6
Algae Simple Cycle 6
US GhG Emission 2009 6
Algae Composition 7
Image of Micro algal as Feedstock 8
Example Image of Cultivation Process 8
Algae Lipid Extraction 9
Algae Processing Plant to Biofuel & By-products 9
Research Support Facility 15
Integrated Bio Refinery Research Facility 17
Carbon Capture Corporation 17
Cellana 18
Mauban, Province of Quezon 24
Calaca, Batangas 24
Manila-Calaca Transportation Map 28
Calaca Zoning Map 30
Micro Site Analysis 31
Site Pictures 33
LIST OF CHARTS AND TABLES
Algae Biodiesel Methods 9
Integrated Algae Research 19
Architectural Feature 20
System Application Computation 21
Site Criteria 24
Buffer Zone 25
Slope Classification & Ecosystem Profile 29
SWOT Matrix for Industry 30
Renewable Energy Diagram 35
Lighting Concept 36
Water & Sewage Concept 36
Building System 37
Algae Louvers 38
Cultivation System 38
Hydroelectric System 39
User Analysis 40
Space Programming & Allocation 41
Space Program 56
Organizational Chart 57
Behavioural Analysis 58
Space Circulation 59
Site Computation 62
Site Distribution 62

F O R B I O F U E L A N D B Y P R O D U C T D E V E L O P M E N T
I N T E G R A T I N G A L G A E C U L T I V A T I O N S Y S T E M T O B U I L D I N G S T R U C T U R E
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CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM
1.1 Introduction / Background
“Development goals that do not recognize the importance of science
and technology in economic transformation are likely to fail, especially those
aimed at reducing poverty and raising income levels" (Harvard, 2011)
Today’s technology and knowledge in science can help reduce waste and
improve quality of life. Oil one of the major sources of energy in the world is also
being used mainly in transportation that by far the highest contributor of CO2
which mainly the cause of global warming.
Global warming's effects can be seen worldwide, and many experts believe it's
only going to get worse. In fact, the latest report news says carbon dioxide
responsible for 60 percent of greenhouse gases - the primary cause of Global
warming and when carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, it stays there
for about 100 years. (Sciencedaily, 2007)
America is by far the largest contributor to global warming, releasing a quarter of
the world's carbon dioxide (Sciencedaily, 2007). However, They are also the
leading researcher to study technology producing oil from algae, and this
research has been around since 1940's, but only in late 1970's it started taking off
through Aquatic Species Program at the National Renewable Energy Lab a part of
the US Department of Energy (Colorado State University, 2006).
“Algae are important as primary producers of organic matter at the base of the
food chain; they also contribute to economic wellbeing in the form of food,
medicine and other products” (Smithsonian: National Museum of Natural History).
So Researchers explores ways to develop technology in producing biodiesel fuel
from algae - an environmentally friendly solution to greenhouse gas emission,
high gas prices and finite fossil fuel supplies. According to Prof. Julia of BBSRC
Chief Executive (Sciencedaily, 2006), "Algae fix around half of the world's carbon
so it is vital that we can understand what affects their growth and well being. And
by improving our understanding at this level we can discover how to maintain the
health of ecosystems at a global level."
The Algae as biofuel is promising because the rise of large companies getting
involved is a proof of what this research is about in the future. In other countries,
Scientist and engineers from Universities, Oil Companies, Private industry and
other research institute are teaming up in getting involved with the research. In
our country, Utilizing Public Private Partnership (PPP) will stimulate growth in
renewable energy sector. Large company Chevron and Royal Dutch Shell, the
Ateneo University Innovation Center teaming up with Alson Aquaculture Inc. the
leading researcher in the Algae-Biofuel research in the nation.

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Philippines is already full-bore into ethanol from other plant source, and biodiesel
from coconut, jatropha etc, and now focusing in another alternative biofuel in
algae. “A visiting scientist says Philippines can opened a lot of doors and
opportunities in looking to the potential and benefits of algae not only in biofuels,
but in the areas of nutraceuticals and high value organic fertilizers as well”
(Lesaca, 2011), for we are given the advantage on a natural habitat for algae
providing us good investment in the future.
According to an article (Lesaca, 2011), the formulation of roadmap for Algae
Production in the Philippines will institutionalize the needed push to jumpstart the
industry that will eventually commercialize and utilize the potential of algae in
terms of industrial and agricultural use and is expected to finish by august this
year.
The Congressional Commission on Science Technology and Engineering
(COMSTE) is looking to expand Research and Development (R&D) efforts into
exploring the use of algae as biofuel. According to Senator Edgardo Angara Chair
of COMSTE "Developing innovative Renewable Energy Systems can aid in
achieving the long term goal of energy independence.” Seeing technologies
pushing the frontier of biofuel production will provide to economic growth of
industry. Also, Sen. Angara says COMSTE is supporting the expansion of R&D in
to the use of Algae-Biofuel, explaining that other countries are developing the use
of it thus; Philippines should continue to support the RE research and sources.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Presently Philippines, is one of the highest consumer of oil in Asia apart from
having abundant natural resources. Government Agencies and Departments are
now being concern on engaging solution to the countries continues price hike on
oil. Finding Alternative green fuels in concern to greenhouse gas emission which
causes global warming are being pushed by the government, green organization
and other private oil companies. Leading countries like US and China which
contributes most in the global carbon emission are now conducting studies that
would help minimize carbon emission. One of their leading research programs
being supported by the government is the study on Algae as food and green
energy source.
This Proposal will develop ways of integrating Research facility and
production of products from algae. Adding the algae cultivation method as an
architectural feature of the building supporting its energy while considering the
flow of spaces and its aesthetic.
The following shall be taken in consideration in concern to what must be done in
the problem:

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o What are the needs of DoE, DoST and R&D sectors on putting up an Algae
Research Center for Biofuel and Byproduct development that will focus on
Algae study and production?
o How to Integrate Algae Processing Plant with other building use such as
research facility and product development spaces?
o How to integrate method of cultivating algae to building Architecture as an
architectural treatment/feature?
1.3 Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies
Primarily the goal of the proposal is to provide a research facility and a
recreational center for algae-biofuel production in which scientist, researchers,
students and other public people whom are interested in the study is encourage to
interact with each other. It also aims to formulate new ideas, innovation and study
that will help develop the capability of the research and adds on the knowledge in
science and education.
The integrated Facility will conduct updated and advance research in Algae-
Biofuel research and production in which these people will be exposed on the
knowledge of improving the research and development program of the
Philippines.
To be able to achieve these goals, the objective and strategies must be
done:
 To find out what preference and activities do the individual department and
researchers wants in a research facility.
o Interview DOST, DOE, and some institutional facility that conduct study
in Biofuel.
 To determine spaces needed for high advance research facility for Algae
based fuel and products.
o Gather data's about the Algae-Biofuel production. (International and
Local)
o Gather information about how the process of research is conducted
o Gather data of activities of department and researchers
o Observe the different laboratories conducting research studies
 To create a research facility with a state-of-the-art advance technology that
will attract local and international researchers, scientist, investor and other
experts in conducting studies and research, Also to provide economic
growth for industry in the Philippines.
 To provide Architectural new building design approach in the Integrated
Industrial and other Building types like Institutional and Residential.
o Gather Information about new and advance sustainable technology that
can incorporate in the building design.
o Research about new trends, ideas and advance building technology.

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o Make a case study or observe different types of research facility
internationally and make a comparison of what is missing and what can
be integrate in the facility.
 To provide an adaptable site for the Processing Plant and Research Facility.
o Gather information through books, net and survey professional
individuals on what they prefer or expect in this facility.
o Create a Site Selection Criteria
o Locate the best suitable site for this proposal
1.4 Significance of the Research
The study is significance in production of our own fuel and a research study
in algae, which will offer a major focus on developing new ideas and solution to
the nation independency in fuel consumption. In addition this facility will promote
an integrated research center for researchers, scientist, engineers and
practitioners to the purpose of education and scientific research and development.
The study will also be exploring on different field like Architecture, Industrial,
Economic and other field that would be part of making the structure sustainable
and adaptive in the Philippines.
1.4.1 Industrial Significance
The study is significant to the industry, because study reveals that once the
operation of biofuel is conducted the nation independence on imported fuel will
lessen. On the other hand, once Algae development as biofuel is close to other
industrial facility and water treatment it will help eliminate CO2 in air and convert it
to oxygen and also filter inorganic nutrients so is toxins in water.
1.4.2 Environmental Significance
The Process of cultivating algae is significance to the environment for it helps
reduce GHG emission for it feeds on CO2 which is the main reason of climate
change. A Green Development Project which will be sustainable, energy efficient
and at the same time creates balance when located along with other industrial
plant that emits large amount of CO2.
1.4.3 Economic Significance
The facility is significance to the economy; A facility that would contribute to the
progress of oil industry in the country. Also the research center may open new
opportunities to the Filipino researchers and scientist. If we could provide a study
and manufacture this fuel from algae it can be a leading industry of biofuel in the
Philippines.
1.4.4 Architectural Significance
The significance of this study to Architecture will be the new way of integrating an
industrial to other building structure. Also industrial architecture will incorporate
new trend of building structure design and approach along with its research
center. Technology and other trend will adapt in building design.

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Data Gathering
Data Analysis
Algae Research Center and Processing Plant for Biofuel and
Byproduct Development
Formulation of Solution
-Design Guidelines
-Design Solution
Expert Studies
Internet Source
-Local
-News & Articles
-International
-Existing Facility
-News, Reports,
Articles
Oral Investigation
Local Government
Possible Client
Algae-Biofuel
Processing Plant
Defining the Problem
Algae Research
Center
1.5 Scope and Limitations
The main purpose of the study is to develop Reseach and Development of
the country by supporting an Integrated Algae based research facility and
processing plant that will help in the economic growth of the Philippine Industry.
The proposal involves Site Planning, Design of a research facility and processing
plant based on Algae, Supporting facilities for communities to interact in natural
element of the building structure. The research study will include only existing
algae production and process and promote locally and international. Other than
Algae Production Process other fields like Structural and non-architectural details
will not be included. The research will focus on Sustainable design and interaction
with natural elements in building Structure.
1.6 Research Framework
In finding the solution to this proposal, a step by step method is used in
order to draw necessary data and analysis. First is to identify the problem, gather
data for preference and analysis. This would help us formulate the design and
guideline solution. Also conducting Oral Investigation like interviews to local
governmental departments and for possible clients. With the review of related
literature, research on local and international news, reports and articles that might
help on the formulating a solution. By analyzing all the data and information that
have gathered a solution will follow.
Figure 1.6 Research framework
1.7 Review of Related Literature
1.7.1 Worldwide Algae Research and Development
According to (Kram, 2007) Biodiesel Industry is facing a feedstock crisis and
desperately looking for alternatives. The dilemma is many biodiesel producers are
getting their feedstock from vegetables supply thus competes with the food
supply. Looking for alternatives they see a high potential on Algae research,
nearly all this study are in the development stage however Algaelink N.V is now
manufacturing and selling commercial-scale algae system which is a big step
toward the commercial viability of the product.

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Figure 1.7.1.1 Supersized Algae Bioreactors
Bio Architecture Lab (BAL) a US based research and development for algae
bio-fuel that explore and develop ethanol from algae supported by Statoil and
Global Oil aim to develop necessary technology to make this algae bio-fuel
commercially viable. They also received above $34M in sponsor and investment
with its growing partnerships (Renewable Power, 2010).
Algae Process
Figure 1.7.1.2 Algae Simple Cycle
The increase in oil fuel for energy consumption leads to finding alternatives that
will suffice are reliance in imported oil. Many scientists worldwide have been
studying fuel-related sources that are green and helps environment. One of the
alternative fuels in the next 10years in time would be the Algae. It is more
environmentally-friendly source of oil fuel, and it can be massively produced and
converted into fuel.
Figure 1.7.1.3 US GhG Emission 2009
According to (Bringing Calamities to Communities, 2005), Coal is the dirtiest,
most carbon intensive of all fossil fuels, emiiting 29% more carbon per unit of
energy than oil and 80% more than gas, Also one of the leading contributors to
climate change.
This Algae Process is an eco solution that feeds on carbon dioxide from industrial
plant like coal power plant providing a greenhouse gas mitigation benefits. Unlike
2nd
Generation biofuel feedstock this algae doesn’t compete with food production
(WAPSEC, 2003).

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Today, it is time to switch into alternative and clean power. Based on the report,
within a 10-year plan period, commercial viability of other alternative energy can
reach from 10-20 % utilization. As the Philippine Government faces challenges
concerning in energy supply, economic growth, sustainable development and etc.,
the strategic approach to meet the solution are now being studied.
According to (Newman, 2008) the Open pond is the most natural method of
growing algae for biodiesel production. The weather is a factor and the water
temperature has to be kept at a certain condition. The Vertical growth/closed
loop production has been developed by biofuel companies to produce efficient
and fast algae growth. In this method, Algae are placed in plastic bags that are
exposed in sunlight to protect from contamination and are place with a cover to
protect from the rain. Other method is a Closed-tank bioreactor to help increase
oil rates, indoor plants. Lastly, A Closed-container or closed pond process, this
is to eliminate error and allows growers to control environmental factors. These
methods can be strategically placed near energy plants to capture excess carbon
dioxide that pollute the air.
This types of cultivation process determine what kind of space will be dedicated to
the mass production of biodiesel from algae.
1.7.2 Algae to Biofuel
Figure 1.7.2 Algae Composition
Algae when in good cultivation, can produce protein and energy biomass up to 30
– 100 times faster than land plants. Also, they produce most of the oxygen for
aquatic life and provide more oxygen to the atmosphere than forest and fields
combined that is why they known to be carbon neutral or carbon sequester to
industrial and transportation fumes. On the otherhand, Biofuels are simply a form
of solar energy. By photosynthesis algae convert solar energy into chemical
energy in the form of oils, carbohydrates and proteins. Similar to vegetable oils,
algae oil when extracted out in biomass can be burned directly in diesel engines
because it is green and clean diesel with much less pollutants than other
petroleum diesel.

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Integrated System Approach to Renewable Energy - The US DOE Report about
(National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap, 2010) shows the following study.
Algae as FeedStocks
Figure 1.7.2.1 Image of Microalgal as Feedstock
Algae are diversed group of organism that includes microalgae, macro algae
(seaweeds) and cyanobacteria. These are a variety of natural aqueous habitats
ranging from freshwater, marine and others. Current Feedstocks for biofuels
such as corn, sugar cane and others consumes wide croplands, millions or more
water usage and having bleakly low yield than algae as feedstock.
Cultivation Process
Figure 1.7.2.2 Example Image of Cultivation Process
Types of Cultivation Process are Photoautotrophic methods where algae required
light to grow and create biomass in open or closed pond and Heterotrophic
Methods where algae are grown without light and only fed of sugar and carbon
source to produce biomass. For Macro algae this needs typically require open off-
shore or coastal facilities.
Harvesting / Dewatering
This step can be energy intensive by converting algae to liquid transportation
fuels. This include steam drying, fluid bed and microwave,

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Extraction
Figure 1.7.2.4 Algae Lipid Extraction
The 3 Major components that can be extracted in algae process are the lipids,
carbohydrates that will be converted into biodiesel or fuel and proteins to co-
products such as feeds and fertilizers.
Convertion
Figure 1.7.2.5 Algae Processing Plant to Biofuel and Byproducts
The primary function of the facility is to produce biofuel (Biodiesel,
Bioethanol)from algae research and cultivation process. Other by products such
as Biogas, alcohol, renewable hydrocarbons, animal feeds, fertilizers, and etc. will
be the end use of the convertion.
Table 1 How Algae Biodiesel Method Works?
Image Method
Vertical Growth-Closed Loop Bio-
reactors, Algae are placed into large, clear
a plastic bag, which is allowed to expose in
sunlight increasing its productivity rate.
It also eliminated the possibility of outside
contamination.
Closed-tank Bio-reactors provide the
algae with ideal condition to maximize
growth.
It is indoors and is constructed in steel
drums. Allows operator to control every
aspect of the system.
Source: (Miller, 2009) Table 1.7.2 Algae Biodiesel Methods
1.7.3 (RA 9367) Biofuel Act of 2006
According to the Biofuel Act of 2006, The mandatory use of biofuels shall be
enforced in support to the government's goal in reducing dependence on imported

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fuels with due regard to the protection of public health, the environment and
natural resources.
 To develop renewable clean energy sources to reduce dependence on
imported oil
 Increase in rural employment and income
 Explores alternative source of renewable clean energy without the
damaging the natural ecosystem
By this Law, Private Oil Companies are push to expand their knowledge in
research, as well as to develop viable commercial products from alternative
source of fuel. According to (Press, 2011), initial experiments in the country have
demonstrates that algae holds high potential for biofuel. At the same time, it can
also be utilized as a carbon sink when attached to coal-fired plants reducing the
GHG emission which is the primary source of climate change. On the other hand,
Petron Corporation plans on finding ethanol suppliers to meet their target
compliance with the Philippine Biofuel Law (Torres, 2010). When implemented it
encourages other players to venture into bioethanol production so that money that
would have otherwise been spent to import bioethanol can be spent locally and
benefit the downstream industry of the biofuel sector.
Biofuel Industry in Philippines
According to (Parkavi, 2010), The Philippines was the first country in Asia to
approve the commercial cultivation of corn variety for bio-fuel use. Also we are the
first nation to produce and use of coconut derived biodiesel or coco-diesel. Along
with the Notable Institute that conduct research and studies in the development of
agricultural crops; IRRI, BIOTECH Los Banos, PhilRice, and the Institute of Plant
Breeding in UPLB. Since the signed of RA9367, it has been implementing a
mandatory blend of the biofuel with all petroleum diesel sold in the local. Aside
from incentives to Oil Company, the strong government support, availability of
land, the conditions and technical manpower, makes the country a very good
location for the production and development.
This Act requires oil companies to use biofuel in all “liquid fuels for motors
and engines sold in the Philippines.” (Ari Halos, 2007) The Philippine National Oil
Company (PNOC) mandate to explore, develop and accelerate utilization and
commercialization of alternative fuels in the country. According to “PNOC
president and CEO Peter Anthony Abaya has noted the development of eventual
commercialization of bio fuels from algae as a part of PNOC medium term plan
(Parkavi, 2010).”
According to (Ari Halos, 2007), the country produces more than 400,000
college graduates each year. Approximately 10 percent are engineering

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graduates and least for agriculturists, microbiologists and chemist. In which, most
of whom end up doing jobs in Middle East and other countries. Aside from are rich
agricultural land and natural resources we still rank low compare to the production
of supply in other Asian countries. While our neighboring country sees opportunity
in our land, the government also plans to develop infrastructure and support R&D
programs to improve productivity. One of the promising investor hopes to build its
largest ethanol facility in Asia. The company North Sea Group from Netherlands
would be sourcing multi-feedstock for ethanol plant by expanding and further
broadening its position on global oil market while still being aware of safety,
sustainability and its environment.
According to (Gatdula, 2011) at present the biofuel blend in petroleum is at
5 percent but in February 2012 it will increase to 10 percent as the requirement of
RA9367. The DoE said that "Alternative fuels are currently in various stages of
development and uses as it will become more crucial to the country’s energy mix,"
With only 107million liters available for next year, the market would need at least
480 million liters of bio ethanol to maintain its supply of production. As said by
Energy Secretary Angelo Reyes (Bioenergy Site, 2009), the government will
continue implement its vision to promote and developed local biofuel and
renewable energy industry all together.
Finally, the RA 9367 will ensure sustainable project infrastructure aligning it
with research and development programs. These factors which make Philippines
as an excellent venture of the biofuel industry provide us investment opportunity
and develop our productivity in this field, also making us a good investment
location for biofuel processing plant.
1.7.4 Algae Architecture
Global concern for source of energy, fuel and food leads us to finding
alternative source. From the (Algae International Competition, 2010-2011)
introduced by Robert Henrickson and Mark Edwards houses projects representing
40 countries around the globe. The objective of the competition is to create an
open source collaborator that expands and shares a vision for algae in our future
with design ideas for algae production landscapes, sustainable algae production
system for food, medicine, feed, nutrients, water remediation, carbon capture.
It has 3 main tracks of design as categories; First, the Algae Landscape Design
where production be integrated into future landscapes and eco-communities.
Second is Algae Production System to develop design, engineering and system
for algae production in working effectively and economically on a community
scale. Lastly, the Algae Food Development to create next algae foods and recipes
and the future use of algae as food and feed ingredients.

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CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Archival
DTI Library
According to the Prospects for the Philippine Biofuels Sector (May 2008),
Oil is the Philippines most dominant fuel accounting for more than a third of the
country’s energy requirements. As the government law passed the Biofuel act of
2006, a National biofuel program is formed to promote investments in biofuel
production and encourage the utilization of the project. It contributes on the
economy in terms of generate employment opportunities, decrease foreign
reliance in oil importation, adds on resources of knowledge in the field of biofuel.
Other Government supports and incentives are the EO 226, RA 7196 and JAO
2008 the guideline in biofuel feedstock.
2.2 Focused Interviews
The interviews and research were conducted in the different Government
departments with biofuel concerns to gather data’s for the research proposal.
The following question that the interviewer had been preparing for the
interviewee.
 What is the goal of your department in Biofuel Industry?
o The question is to know if they support studies and project about
biofuel.
 Is research facility for Algae based biofuel plant or culture exist in the
country?
o To know if they support researches and commercialization of biofuel
from algae. It will also give information about algae setting in the
Philippines.
 What is your idea about an Algae Research and Processing plant facility?
o The question is to help the researcher understand the view of
professional individuals in the kind of facility.
2.2.1 Research Instruments
The researcher interviewed different government department to discuss mostly
the feasibility of algae research for biofuel production and byproducts
manufacturing. The questions for the interviewee tackle about algae study and
research, existing research facility and the possibility of supporting such project.
Here are the questions that the researcher prepares for the interviewee.
1. How does your department promote study of biofuel from algae?
 The researcher will know how the biofuel industry touches curiosity of
researchers, scientist, students in the Philippines.

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2. What must be done to promote production of algae research and biofuel
plant in the country?
 To consider the demand to promote R&D locally and internationally
and to be able to understand the growth in economic development.
3. Is there future or current project similar to the proposal in your department?
 To know if other sector sees same potential for commercialization in
the Philippines.
4. Do you know any preference for site location to this kind of facility and
plant?
 To know if other projects have a suitable site to place this kind of
facility.
5. In your opinion is a research facility for algae needed or necessary to be
study?
 To confirm if the study is given importance in the Philippines as of
today or in the later years.
2.2.2 Oral Investigation
The different government departments has different specialty in biofuel production
study. According to the Senior Science Research Specialist of DOE-GD, Mr.
Andresito Ulgado many companies, presenters and researcher conducts
seminar and present the study of Algae as biofuel and the promising production.
He also added the possibility of these project developments is increasing in years
and is not new in the research study but in public eyes.
Interviewee: Mr. Andresito Ulgado
Senior Science Research Specialist
Department of Energy (DOE)
Interviewer: Robielyn N. Ang
Questions: About Biofuel from Algae, Research Facilities and Supports
1. Does your department conduct research about Algae as Biofuel?
 As of the moment they are still looking in this field and much focus on
other agricultural biofuel source like Coconut and Jathropa that are
now in viable on production. They still explore and wait for the viablility
of commercialization of this kind of fuel from algae.
 Many Korean nationals and other foreign country presents same study
in algae production and facility but mostly are not yet been feasible
due on other factors.
3. What must be done to promote production of algae research and biofuel
plant in the country?
 Compliance with the Philippine standard and other guidelines might
help in the development of a facility.

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study?
 It is necessary to conduct researches in this kind of matter and if is
feasible enough and commercially viable they might or will definitely
support it.
Interviewee: Mr. Jowie Domingo
Researcher
Department Of Energy
 As of the moment it is interesting to most of the researcher such
himself but it is not yet in development in the country. But he
recommended that I look for “popular science magazine” because
there’s an article about equipment in algae production that might help
in my proposal.
 There still no facility that they know of that develop mass production of
biofuel from algae. But there’s an interviewee also in the past month
that conduct interview for his oceanic research facility proposal that is
new also in their field.
plant?
 Yes, An Oil that adds additives in gasoline/petroleum in Bataan and in
Batangas a depot that supplies oil in the area. These sites might be
suitable for the production.
study?
 It is new and is promising indeed it is necessary for it might help our
reliance on fossil fuel, but due to the economics and political issue, in
the initial study it is still to be improve in 10years time and it might still
be in practice of interest for many researchers.
Interviewee: Ms. Mel Dimapilis
Science Research Specialist
PCIERD - Phil. Council for Industry andEnergy Research and
Development

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 Being part of the NBB they support biofuel production in the country
and is part of the green alternative renewable energy study.
 The UP Visayas researchers conduct activities on Algae as a biofuel
source they mainly focus on freshwater algae species. Also the
Ateneo de Manila researcher also conducts the kind of focus on algae
research. But aside from these university researcher partnering with
companies there is still none that massively produce algae to make as
biofuel.
plant?
 Partly in Visayas where the UP Visayas researcher conduct research.
study?
 This process of culture to harvesting, drying and extracting oil is
indeed renewable and might on the future helps on our energy
independence from imported oil. If a facility be in development they
will support it.
2.3 Case Studies
2.3.1 Research Support Facility (RSF)
Owner: Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Federal
government.
Occupancy : 822 people, 50 hours per person per week; and 60 visitors per week,
2 hours per visitor per week
Location: Golden, Colorado
Total project cost: (land excluded): $64,000,000
Total built area: 222,000 ft2 (20,600 m2) in a single building
Lot size: 4.25 acres, Previously developed land in a suburban setting
Completion: June 2010
The RSF is a large scale office building housing more than 800 people who
support and conduct research work. This building conceived to serve as an
example of these ideas and a living laboratory for the staff of the RSF to learn
from and work by, providing high-performance workplace aiming at operating zero

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energy. It is a simple architectural response to climate integrated with passive
design strategies. (Archinnovations, 2011)
The building is shaped around the
climate to optimize passive energy
strategies. It forms an H shape to
harness passive energy in respond to
climate. These provide secure separation
between staff work areas in the wing department and collaborative public meeting
spaces in the central part. The design provides 2 exterior courtyards which have
become popular amenities for the workers.
NREL’s state-of-the-art biomass research facilities, researchers design and
optimize processes to convert renewable biomass feedstocks into transportation
fuels and chemicals. (NREL, 2011)
Site Description
The building and the site are part of the overall
system and formed around the natural
resources of the climate. The building respond
to natural resources like sun and wind, also to
the natural lay of the land. The landscape
design are attention to the natural storm water management techniques, native
landscape integration, the use of pavements and excavated rock for gablon walls.
This landscape is proven to be successful creation of habitat because it creates
natural, beautiful and comfortable exterior space to enjoy by the overall master
plan.

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Integrated Bio refinery Research Facility (IBRF)
This expansion was completed in August 2010. A 900m2 high bay laboratory
space houses biomass processing equipment and 900m2 basements that
provides for feedstock, milling and storage. This facility has the ability to test bio
processing technologies for the production of ethanol and other fuels and
chemicals from biomass.
Spaces within are the Process Development Trains – operations include
feedstock washing and milling, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation,
solid-liquid separation. Steam Gun Pretreatment Laboratory – house a 4-L steam
gun reactor that uses high pressure and temperature for dilute acid pretreatment.
Fermentation Mini-Pilot Unit – offers aerobic, fed-batch and fermentation
processing with a flexible system consists of several vessels ranging from 10 L to
100 L. Molecular Biology Laboratories - Composition Analysis and Process
Monitoring Equipment includes a range of spectrometers, control system, mass
spectrometer and other equipment.
Thermochemical Users Facility(TCUF) is dedicated to researching
thermochemical process to produce fuels from biomass. Spaces within are
Thermo chemical Process Development Unit, Catalytiv Fuel Synthesis reactors,
Bench Scale Biomass Conversion System Fuel Synthesis Catalyst test Facility
and others.
2.3.2 Carbon Capture corporation – ARC
The CCC Company (Carbon Capture Corporation) still stands as a leader in
Algae-based Biofuel Industry that cooperates with private parties in achieving the
mission to reduce GHG and produces sustainable fuels and feeds. The Facility
includes Power plant that consist of natural gas-fired General Electric LM6000

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combustion turbine generator equipped with inlet air chiller, zero liquid discharge,
water storage, water treatment systems, natural gas compressor equipment,
electric transmission and interconnection systems that is located in a 10 acre of
land.
It is a 40-acre Algae Research Center that facilitates research study and
cultivation of algae housing a laboratory, offices, warehouse and approximately
31 smaller production Open Pond raceways. It is a part of a 326-acre research
and development facility in Imperial Valley, California (Carbon Capture
Corporation, 2011).
2.3.3 CELLANA : Algae based products for a sustainable future
Location: Kailua-Kona, Hawaii and San Diego, California, (Cellana, 2011)
Component: State-of-the-art facility
Formerly a HR BioPetroleum, Inc., (HRBP) founded in Hawaii 2004, use marine
microalgae to produce feedstock for biofuels, personal care products, nutritional
oils, renewable chemicals while simultaneously reducing industrial emission of
co2. Their goal is to expand economic commercial scale production of feedstock
for biofuel and other byproducts by converting co2 emitted by industry combustion
plant and factories.
It is a 6-acre Land located adjacent to Maui
Electric’s Ma’alaea Power plant. It has a
Demonstration Facility in which algae are
cultivated in its hybrid system using a
combination of open ponds and photo
bioreactors. By having a world class academic research program award them a
more than 100million investment in their technologies through government grants,
partnership, investment venture. One of its progresses through investment is the
construction of commercial microalgae facility as implementing large-scale
production on Maui.
This facility contains similar major spaces in the project proposal, aiming to
develop research study, promote algae as feedstock and manufacture products
locally and international. The site location is near a body of water where marine
micro algae can be cultivated for sustainability and by which could be accessible
by land or marine transportation.

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2.4 FINDINGS AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATION
2.4.1 Summary of Findings
Many natural factors are being considered in design process of a sustainable
structure. This is to respond to the economic concern in global warming such as
the climate change. A flexible space can adapt to the changing style and ways of
a research facility design. Understanding the process of the research to cultivation
and production helps in solving ways of what might be the future problems in
research, social, technological and economical design.
Field that is most likely to be related in the Algae research:
Chart 2.4.1 Integrated Algae Research
2.4.2 Design Guidelines / Recommendations
The recommendation is to provide a proper building orientation and let natural
elements enters and be part of the building itself making it green, sustainable and
energy efficient kind of Architecture. Also having both sustainable and flexible
movements in the design planning of the structure, it will help on social interaction
for the integrated production development and research center.
Architectural Treatment
Cultivation Style Description
Architectural
Feature
Raceway Pond
 Vary in wide
and length
 Water flows
continuously
with a
powered
paddle wheel.
 Adds as a new
concept for green
design
 Carbon
sequester as it is
open to feed for
co2 emission on
air.
Architecture
•Renewable
Energy System
•Application on
Struture
Renewable
Energy
•Biofuel
Waste
Treatment
•Cleaning of
waste
Medicine
• Proteins
Agriculture
•Fertilizer on
Crops
Animals
•Food
INTEGRATED ALGAE RESEARCH

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Horizontal Tubular Photobioreactors
 Laid on the
ground and
form a
network of
loops.
 It mix and
agitate the
culture.
 May be vary
in algae
species and
color
 An object of
beauty to
landscape if
different algae
color/species are
used in cultivating
 Can also be
place on wide
rooftops
Vertical Stacked Tubular
Photobioreactors
 Vertically
hung from an
iron frame.
 It mix and
agitate the
culture
 Filters pollution
on air as it feeds
on CO2
 Design for
architectu1ral
building façade
 Adds as a
sustainable
feature
Flat Panels
 Narrow
panels that
place
horizontally to
maximize
sunlight
 Attributes to
landscape design
 Can also be
place on rooftops
Table 2.4.2.1 Architectural Feature

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Algae System Application to Building Structure Guidelines Table 2.4.2.2 System Application Computation
Algae are the fastest growing photosynthesizing organism that can compete with
other growing feedstock for biofuel. This species have 50% oil content and can
produce up to 15000 gallons of oil per year per acre of land. The following is
based in oil yield of algae per meter squared of land consumption from the
cultivation. The oil taken from algae would be converted to kilowatt hour to supply
the needed energy for the building.
Algae Cultivation System to Space Requirement in Building
POUND Kilograms
50% of Oil
(kg)
Meter2
Algae Oil
(Gallon)
Kilowatt Hour
(kwh)
Save Cost
1 0.45 0.225 0.09 1.07 43.71 253.00
2 0.9 0.45 0.19 2.15 87.42 506.01
3 1.35 0.675 0.28 3.22 131.13 759.01
4 1.8 0.9 0.37 4.30 174.84 1012.02
5 2.25 1.125 0.46 5.37 218.56 1265.02
6 2.7 1.35 0.56 6.44 262.27 1518.03
7 3.15 1.575 0.65 7.52 305.98 1771.03
8 3.6 1.8 0.74 8.59 349.69 2024.04
9 4.05 2.025 0.84 9.67 393.40 2277.04
10 4.5 2.25 0.93 10.74 437.11 2530.05
50 22.5 11.25 4.65 53.70 2185.56 12650.24
100 45 22.5 9.29 107.40 4371.12 25300.49
500 225 112.5 46.45 536.99 21855.61 126502.45
1000 450 225 92.90 1073.99 43711.22 253004.90
5000 2250 1125 464.52 5369.93 218556.09 1265024.48
10000 4500 2250 929.03 10739.86 437112.17 2530048.96

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CHAPTER III:
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
3.1 Project Profile and Analysis
3.1.1 Description of the Project
Title: Algae Research Center and Processing Plant for Biofuel and Byproduct
Development : Integrating Algae Cultivation System to Building Structure
Location: Calaca, Batangas
The design of the project will consider the importance of a research facility
that supports research development of algae as biofuel and its byproduct for
development. The project will consider utilizing natural resources, mainly the sun
to support the architectural treatment in the building structure. The research
facility will serve as an advance institutional structure which uses modern
equipments and applies sustainable feature. The area for production of
byproducts and biofuel will consider the alga culture farm in its orientation. The
possible client that will support the project are the DoE and DoST collaborating
with the PPP sector possible the Chevron Oil Company.
3.1.2 Project Rationale
Philippine having abundance in natural resources has the potential to
develop algae study and production. The Algae Research Center for Biofuel and
byproducts Development must be able to adapt in the typical weather condition of
the country. The objective of the research is to design a research facility
considering the complex of other spaces in production area.
3.1.3 Project Practicability
The dual goal of the project is to provide a research facility for algae and
grow this for biodiesel extraction and byproduct development. According to
Michael Briggs, he estimated an Algae construction of how much biodiesel is
needed to free the USA from oil independence.
Initial Investment
Alga Farm: 3,200,000 / Hectare
Land Value: 1,500,000 / Hectare
Building Equipments: 50,000,000
Building Construction: 30,000,000
3,200,000 (4 Hectare) + 1,500,000 (6 Hectare) + 50,000,000 + 30,000,000=
298,000,000 Capital
Maintenance & Operation
Alga Farm: 450,000 / Hectare / Year
Building Operation: 120,000 / Hectare / Year
450,000 (4 Hectares) + 120,000 (2 Hectares) = 2,040,000 / Year

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Income
Algae Biofuel Income estimated by Michael Briggs (50,000 Galoon / Hectare /
Year)
Biodiesel Price per Liter (40) X 4 Liter = 160 / Galoon
(50,000(4 Hectares) x 160) = 32,000,000 / Year
Algae By Products
Average of 45,000 / Month X (12) = 540,000 / Year
32,000,000 + 540,000 = 32,540,000 / Year
Profit per Year: 32,540,000 / Year – Maintenance Cost: 2,040,000 / Year =
30,500,000 / Year
ROI = Initial Investment = Year time ____298 M___ = 9.8 Years
Profit / Year 30.5 M / year
3.2 Site Profile and Analysis
3.2.1 Criteria for Site Location
The site for the proposal must consider the following criteria:
 Most preferable site must be near Industrial plant
o According to the researcher’s data the site must be near an
industrial zone because in the process of cultivation the algae
feeds on Co2 balancing the emission from insdustrial zones.
 Must be near a sea port
o The site must have a source of export transportation in their
production as income generating facility as well as institutional.
 Preferably accessible by land transportation
o Since users might be coming from different places, land or sea
transportation should be accessible.
 Availability of lot
o The site must be big inorder to support the integrated facility.
 The proposal must be near a body of water
o As algae needs huge amount of water in process.

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3.2.2 Site Options
Mauban, Province of Quezon
The Municipality of Mauban is a first class
municipality in the province of Quezon,
Philippines. It has a total land area of about
55160 hectares subdivided in 40
barangays. The town has a population of
55’866 people and the center lies at 157km
southeast from manila and 52km from
Lucena the capital of Quezon. Mauban
shares boundaries on the south with pagbilao, tayabas, and atimonan; lucban,
sampaloc and laguna on the west; real on the north and lamon bay on the east.
Calaca, Batangas
The Municipality of Calaca is a 1st
class
municipality in the province of Batangas,
Philippines. It has a total land area of about
11’270 hectares subdivided in 40
Barangays.The town has a population of
64’966 people and the center lies at 125km
southeast from manila. Calaca is bounded on the east with Balayan, Tuy and
Nasugbu; on west is lemery, laurel and north balayan. It is a coastal town which
the lowland ecosystem is moderately suitable for recreational and light industry
purposes, wet diversified crops are fairly to moderate suitable in the area.
3.2.3 Site Selection and Justification
The site was selected from the more advantage site criteria.
Mauban, Quezon
Province
Calaca, Batangas
Near Industrial Plant
(25%)
13% 22%
Near Sea Port (35%) 25% 30%
Accesible in Land
Transportation (5%)
5% 5%
Availability of Land
(20%)
10% 18%
Water Outsourced
(15%)
12% 13%
TOTAL (100%) 65% 88%
Table 3.2.3 Site Criteria

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3.2.4 The Site
The Site is a coastal town located in Calaca, Batangas. Bounded by a body
of water on south (Balayan Bay).
Land Area: 17 Hectares
Location: Brgy. Puting Bato, West of Calaca, Batangas
3.2.5 Laws and Ordinance (pertaining to the site)
The Municipality of Calaca is currently reorganizing the documents and files in
their new Municipal Hall and According to Municipal Planning and Development
Office, the Law and Ordinance for buildings are dependent on the National
Building code and formulating ordinances of the local government are still in
development.
Table 3.2.5 Buffer Zone
Buffer Zone
Zone Meters
Waterline form river & lake channels 5 m
Shores of lakes in Urban Areas 3 m
Agricultural Areas 20 m
Forest 40 m
Easement
Water Bodies 3 m

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SWOT Analysis
Strength
1. The site is near 2 industrial facility and is 5km away from Coal power
plant
2. The site is near a port which might serve as a way of exporting the
production
3. Accessible by land transportation.
4. Along the beach side (sea)
Weakness
1. 2-4Hrs far from urban areas.
Opportunities
1. On Sea Algae cultivation
2. Job opportunities for resident in the area.
3. It will boost local economy source of energy.
4. It will attract foreign and local scientist, researcher, students and
practitioner.
5. It will allow interaction between researcher and practitioner as well as
students in the integrated facility.
Threats
1. Pollution from light Industry.
2. Natural Calamities like Ondoy may cause large waves that might be
offshore.

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MACRO Analysis

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TRANSPORATION Analysis
Land Transportation
The Site is approximately 3 hrs drive from
manila. It can be reached from 2 entry points.
One to the western part passing through Balayan
via Tagaytay City and the other is on the eastern
side passing thru Lemery via Calamba, Laguna
from SLEX. In the area, Jeepneys are the major
means of transportation in going to and from the
town and tricycles are secondary means of
transportation for special trips in the vicinity.
 From Balayan (Batangas), buses and vans
are available going to Batangas city that would
pass by the Calaca Town Proper.
 From Batangas City, there are buses going
to Nasugbu, or Vans going to Balayan which
would pass thru Calaca Town Proper.
Figure 3.2.5.2 Manila – Calaca Map

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From Lipa City, Jeepneys or buses going to lemery. Then from lemery PUV’s are
available going to Calaca Town Proper. To go to the Site from Manila
 From Manila, take provincial buses with Nasugbu-Calaca-Calatagan-
Balayan route.
 If Private cars, take route in Aguinaldo Highway or South Luzon Expressway
(SLEX) through Tagaytay, Nasugbu and Balayan; or
 Or Aguinaldo Highway or South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) through
Tagaytay and Lemery via Diokno Highway; or
 And South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) then Southern Tagalog Arterial Road
(STAR) through Cuenca and Lemery.
Marine Transportation
The Municipality is a coastal town along the Balayan bay that has three (3)
Ports, The NPC located in Brgy. San Rafael which is Government operated;
Alsons Port located in the same barangay and Bacnotan Port located in Brgy.
Salong, both privately operated but at present Alsons Port is non-operational.
These means of marine transportation if open to public might enhance local
advantages for goods and travelers and is a gateway to national and even global
trading.
Slope Classification
The Municipality of Calaca is a coastal town bounded by the balayan bay on
the south. The upland area of calaca is composed of igneous materials and the
lowland area of sediment origin carried in the coastal area by water and wind
actions.
Table 3.2.5.3 Slope Classification and Ecosystem Profile
Ecosystem Profile Barangay Soil Sustainability
Coastal (0-3 %, 3-
8%)
10 Barangays
Moderate to high
suitability for
residential and
recreational use.
Lowland
(0-3%, 3-8%, 8-18%)
18 Barangays
Moderate to High
suitability for
residential,
recreational and light
industry.
Upland
(8-18%, 18-30%,30-
>50%)
12 Barangays
Moderate to high
suitability for
residential and
recreational use.
High Sustanability for
Forest use.

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SWOT Matrix for Industry
The area requirement for industrial land use of 2010 has a total of 297.42
Hectares. The goal of this is to promote the Municipality of Calaca as a haven for
small and medium scale industries by providing possible location, improving the
existing road networks and other support facilities therefore could encourage
investor to establish projects in the vicinity.
Table 3.2.5.4 SWOT Matrix for Industry
3.2.6 Site Analysis
Macro Site Analysis
Figure 3.2.6.1 Calaca Zoning Map
Strengths Strategies Weakness Strategies
Opportunities
Geographic Advatage
due to Balayan Bay
Favorable Site for light
and medium Industry
Attract investors by
providing suitable site
for industrial
development
Information campaign
to promote light to
medium industries
Provision of Jobs and
facilities
Threats
Air and Water pollution
Traffic Congestion
Change in Local
government priorities
Require industries to
put up their own anti
pollution
Strict government
environmental
monitoring system
Encourage active
involvement of the
people in local
government for Calaca
economic
development.

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Micro Site Analysis

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The Site is an agricultural site which sometimes planted with rice and other
agriculture crops with existing bearing mango trees and coconut in the south
portion of the site. Taal Loam located at the northern portion of the municipality
coverin an area of 7889.66 Hectares. Taal Sandy Loam located at the southern
portion of the municipality covering an area of 3381.28 Hectares.
The Prevailing wind during the month of January to April is the Northeast with
2mps recorded speed. It shifted to Southwest in May to September with 1mp
during May to June and from July to September with a speed of 2mps. From
October to December the prevailing wind returned to Northeast with a speed of
2mps.
3.2.7 Site Development Options/Schemes
Scheme 1 Scheme 2
a. Industrial Park g. Storage of Supply
b. Research Center h. Parking
c. Algae (Farm) Culture i. Waste and Water treatment
facility
d. Supporting Facility to house staff
e. Production of Biofuel and byproducts
f. Manufacturing of Biofuel and byproducts

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3.2.8 Site Pictures
View from the Main Street
View from the Sub Street
View from the East Side of the Site
View from the West Side of the Site

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CHAPTER IV:
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION
4.1 Design Concepts
4.1.1 Architectural
From a view of microscopic algae, the form of a circle is developed in a shape of
a building, thus applying the hierarchy of each spaces and function. Orienting
each spaces in its best with the study of site potential and analysis. The form itself
is a flexible form that can accommodate for flexible and expansion of research for
it can maximize its space on the open space in every wing of the building. The
other building is also related to it with much simpler approach of cube plans to
maximize its potential for development. The Laboratory, Offices, Production,
Special Control Algae and the algae system itself are combined to fit in a solitary
manner. The structured is based to the circulation between each space and its
user. The necessity on future development of the study in the facility and its
function is incorporated in the design process.
4.1.2 Structural
The basic of construction will still be followed applying new method to allow
passive cooling. A load bearing Steel Column to carry the overhanging floors, A
steel framing will be used on the 60% of the building to carry algae system in the
façade. Glass covering the core of the building allowing natural light to enter and
minimize energy used and also providing 360 views outside the building. The
structural will also study the flow of renewable energy and sustainable design in
the construction to maximize potential of the building.
Drywall System (Light Metal Steel Framing)

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Steel framing, alternative to wall partition for interior, it can maximize use of space
and easily installed and detached unlike the concrete wall that is much messy
than steel framing. This framing has much strength and withstand earthquake,
and fire resistance for steel is not combustible. Resistance to water and insect
damage to wood, environmental friendly than traditional wood framing.
Unfortunately steel is excellent conductor of heat, but it the process of prevailing
winds, cooling system of the structure will neutralize the heat in the steel. And
because of the max use of water and the site location along a body of water will
not affect the lack of energy efficient of steel.
4.1.3 Utility Concept
Renewable Energy Concept
Figure 4.1.3.1 Renewable Energy Diagram

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Lighting Concept
Figure 4.1.3.2 Lighting Concept
Water and Sewage Concept
Figure 4.1.3.3 Water and Sewage Concept

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4.2 Design Objectives
To achieve the main goal of the proposal, the following design objective will
aid on the design process of the proponent in the development of form and
spaces.
- Design spaces that equally attuned users need as for the machinery
need.
- Design a facility that integrate the flexibility of spaces for future
development and expansion
4.3 Design Strategy and Criteria
Figure 4.3.1 Building System
The design is to create a green, environmental, and solutionize energy
consumption to fit the research facility and eco-friendly industrialproduction site.
Dividing the site and building with the advance algae cultivation system and algae
farm with other green space to maximize and tendering the whole area as a zero-
emitting carbon.
Flexibility of Spaces
Laboratories and experimental spaces should consider the change, expansion
and contraction of spaces to increasingly adapt easily in wide range of study
functionality and disciplines. Structure and spaces must support the initial use, yet
be adaptabke to changes over the life of the building.
Considering how the space interlock and be made flexible to work
Transparency of Spaces
Respond to the setting of the site and the use of the building, the transparency of
spaces is to foster a facility-wide interaction of science discovery by interlacing
corridors, informal gathering areas, common areas and extend it to the open
green space of the structure and raises public interest.
Zero-Carbon Concept
The proposal is the first in the country to practice a carbon neutral structure which
in the process of releasing carbon dioxide to harness oil and convert it in energy
is being balanced by an equivalent amount sequestered in the process of algae
cultivation system in the building and its farm.

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Sustainable Design
Sustainable design is the philosophy of designing services complies with the
principles of economic, social and ecological sustainability. This design is toughen
through years as required by the building codes and laws in increasing energy
efficient.
Lighting & Natural Lighting System
ALGAE SYSTEM LOUVERS – SKYLIGHT – SOLAR TUBES
The orientation rotates the building to minimize energy load and maximize the use
of natural energy such as light. Butterfly panels ; an aluminum ceiling panel
created for Singapore airport, uses a system that control the positioning of panels
depending on the sun and weather situations.
Figure 4.3.2 Algae Louvers
Highlighting the importance of roof design not only for aesthetic design but
for its sustainability contribution in architecture. The design is not about putting up
photovoltaic to collect energy but to harvest light and let it enter into the building
with new technologies to diffuse its light and permit the heat to enter. Skylight and
automated roof panels will help achieve sustainable design and also LEED rating.
Natural and Passive Ventilation Concept
Orienting the opening based on the site
components, Use of passive cooling in the
building system as part of minimizing the use of
ventilation equipment.
Self-sustaining Renewable Energy Building System
A. Algae to Energy – Algae Cultivation System and farm
Figure 4.3.3 Cultivation System
Algae has many uses and one of the major it can provide human is its abundance
in oil when harness which can be converted to energy. This oil produce by the
facility by its advance system applied in the building structure can suffice its
energy need and also provide for (oil sales).

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B. Hydro Energy
Figure 4.3.4 Hydroelectric System
Hydro energy system is energy that is taken from water and being converted to
electricity. It is a form of renewable energy accounting for 16% of global electricity
consumption. The system is most common in hydroelectric dam which consume a
lot of land, body of water to supply energy in its area. A numbered of its
advantages are loss of land, flow shortage, methane emission (reservoirs),
relocation; All of this does not apply in the innovative system of the proposal.
The site near the body of water is an advantage to be used in many ways for the
structure and its users. The system will be applied as another source of power for
the structure. As a Solar water pump will pump up water in the highest point of the
building and will be let to fall back through an area causes turbines to rotate and
capture the energy through a generator that will convert energy to electricity, as
for the water it will be generated back to the body of water or on some point will
be used as a recycled water for the building system.

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4.4 User Analysis
Category User Definition
Visitors
Students
Graduate Students
Who are dealing with Oil research and could take a
Researchers and Investors Local and International Researchers that would like to take part on promoting algae as biofuel and
producing more products from it
Public Interested in Algae Oil Cultivation and its product. For business venture.
Admin
ADMINISTATOR
Government
Who
will
run
the
proposed
facility
Local Government like DOST, DoE, COMSTE, and Senator Angara that might take
part on promoting alternative source of oil.
NGO’s Which can be part on investors on promoting algae products and biofuel
Academic Institution Collab with private oil company in doing research to develop algae products and its
system
Private Companies That would lead the research in algae
Employees Will work in the facility (Manufacturing of products)
Service
Processing Personnel Process of products from Algae
Manufacturing Personnel Manufacturing space that will handle Algae Products
Security Personnel Will ensure the security of the people in the facility`
Maintenance Maintains the technical aspect of the facility
Utilities Provide service to ensure cleanliness in the facility

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4.5 Space Programming and Allocation
Spaces Definition/Activity Needs and Preference Equipment User
Max. No. of
User
Space
Factor
Total Area
Public
Public Parking
An indoor and outdoor
space use for vehicle
leaving it unoccupied for
more than a brief of time.
A Parking space allotted
for visitors.
Natural lighting must be
adjacent to the entry and
exit point.
Public
people with
vehicles
300 lots 15 sq. m. 4500 sq. m
Private Parking
Indoor or outdoor parking
allotted for private/staff
vehicles
Natural Lighting, No
obstruction, Accessible to
service and security,
Must be adjacent to entry
and exit points.
Private
Building
Personnel
120 Lots 15 sq. m 1800 sq. m
Garden
A planned outdoor space,
cultivate, display plants
and other nature like. A
landscape or greenery.
Can incorporate natural
and man-made materials
All User 1 Lot 1 Lot Varies
Covered Walk
A pathway, paved one at
the side of a road or
street
Paved walkways All User 1 Lot -do- -do-
Entry and Exit
Entry and exit gateways
to the site. An access in
and out of the site
Provided by Security 24hrs All User 1 Lot -do- -do-
Driveway Type of road that use an No obstruction Vehicles 1 Lot -do- -do-

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access to the site.
Passageway of vehicles
Terminal
A space provided for
shuttle, busses and
tricycles in taking visitors
and other user in the
area.
Trucks,
Shuttle,
Busses and
tricycles
All user 1 Lot 1 Lot 400 sq. m
Fire Exit
An emergency exit way
out of the building in case
of fire
FireCode of the Phil.
Pd1096
No obstruction.
Stairs
A flight of steps leading
from one storey to upper
storey
FireCode of the Phil.
Pd1096
Railings,
etc.,
Total 12,000 +
Lobby
Convergence area for the
users
Time Savers:
The purpose of the lobby is
to furnish an area for the
control of admission,
distribution of traffic.
Building Code:
There shall be at least 1
entrance and another one
for exit.
All User 200 2 sq. m. 400 sq. m
Elevator Lobby
A waiting area for
elevator
Pd1096 All User 1 Lot 1 Lot Varies
Information/ Reception Responsible for Time Savers Information Receptionist 2 4 sq. m 8 sq. m

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welcoming visitors and
people in the building and
serves as the customer
service.
It should be located in the
close proximity to the
building entrance.
Desk/
Reception
table and
chair
Workshop Spaces
A space for people to
meet and
discuss/develop projects.
Workbench,
chairs, etc,.
All User 2 set 120 sq. m 240 sq. m
Audio Visual Room
A space for people to
meet, present
presentation, conference,
seminars and alike
-Acoustic Application
Desk,
chairs,
overhead
projectors,
sound
system,
etc,.
All User 2 Set 120 sq. m 240 sq. m
Multi Purpose Hall
A space used for
exhibitions, lecture
meetings, etc,.
Desk,
Chairs,
Equip with
sound
system
Mini Theater
A space used for
presentation and
seminars
Acoustic Application
Desk,
chairs,
overhead
projectors,
sound
system,
etc,.

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Lecture Rooms
A space where
information, lecture are
held.
Desk,
Chairs
Students and
Staff
3 Set 96 sq. m 192 sq. m
Toilet Room
-He & She
A space provide for
sanitation fixture used
primarily for people to
dress and groom one
self.
Building Code:
Refer to the sanitation
code of the Phil.
Lavatories
and toilets
fixture,
partitions
Visitors and
Admin Staff
1 Lot Varies Varies
Researcher Quarters
A space quarter to house
researchers, scientist and
other professionals
employed/working in the
research facility
Researchers,
Professional
s
1 Lot 1 Lot 2500 sq. m +
Student Quarters
A space quarter for
student that will stay in
the area for research
studies.
Students,
Academic
Facility
Personnel
1 Lot 1 Lot 1500 sq. m +
Total
Student Laboratory
- Biochemistry
A laboratory which
people can perform tasks
related to biochemistry.
provide flexibility,
adaptability and
convertability to
accommodate biochem,
biology, celular, molecular
and genetics
requires
fume hoods
and
biosafety
cabinets,
equipment
space to
Student and
Research
Staff
20-35
1 Set 175 sq. m

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house
incubators,
fer, and
freezers,
lab
benches
and storage
space
- Bio Energy
A laboratory which
people can develop
system in the field of
renewable energy.
-do- -do-
20-35
2 Set 350 sq. m
- Bio Engineering
A laboratory which
develop, studies,
innovate new engineering
equipments for algae
industry
-do- -do- 20-35 1 Set 175 sq. m
- Pharmaceutical
Perform pharmaceutical
studies, development and
research
Workbench
es,
computers,
Medical
equipment,
etc,.
-do-
20-35
2 Set 350 sq. m
- Student Lounge
A space allotted for
student to relax or break
area
Couch,
tables, etc,.
-do- 30-60 2 Set 300 sq. m

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- Toilet
A space provide for
primarily for people to
dress and groom one
self.
Building Code:
Refer to the sanitation
code of the Phil.
Lavatories
and toilets
fixture,
partitions
-do- Varies Varies 140 sq. m
Total
Support Laboratories
Autoclave Room
A space that utilizes
pressurized steam to
sterilize laboratory
instruments, glassware
and other hand materials
and infectious waste.
Overhead
exhaust,
floor drains,
equipment
alarms,
electeicity,
aircondition
ing, hot and
cold water,
steam
Research
Staff
2-6
(2 Set)
5 sq. m 60 sq. m
Environmental Room
used for providing
internal conditions below
or above normal
laboratory conditions.
Control
room
system,
cooling and
heating
equipment
-do-
2-4
(2 Set)
5 sq. m 40 sq. m
Culture Room
A space provided to
culture bacterial and
Shelves,
and other
-do-
4-8
(2 Set)
5 sq. m 80 sq. m

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other biological type in
algae research
culture
equipment
Glassware Room
space for glassware
washing, drying
appliances and carts
high purity
water,
vacuum
and etc.,
-do-
2-4
(2 Set)
5 sq. m 40 sq. m
Computer Room
A space provide for
Control system in algae
system
Computer,
desk,
chairs,
shelves
and others.
-do-
8-12
(2 Set)
5 sq. m 120 sq. m
Dry Research Room
A space provide for
sitting research and
computer research
Computer,
desk,
chairs,
shelves
and others.
-do-
4-8
(2 Set)
5 sq. m 80 sq. m
Total
Algae Laboratory
Algae Laboratory
algae research and
development
Movable
tables,
mobile
base
cabinet,
sinks, lab
equipments
, etc,.
Research
Personnel
6-12
3 Set
6 sq. m 216 sq. m

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Algae Nutrition
Laboratory
specific algae food
research
-do- -do-
2-8
2 Set
6 sq. m 96 sq. m
Fuel Testing Laboratory
A space allotted for algae
oil research and
development
-do- -do- 2-12 6 sq. m 72 sq. m
Laboratory
Management
An office space provided
to head algae research
Desk,
chairs,
computers
-do- 4-20 5 sq. m 100 sq. m
First Aid/Nurse Station
nursing people in urgent
situation
First aid
tools,
chairs,
tables, bed.
Doctor &
Nurse
1 Set 4 sq. m 16 sq. m
Researcher/Staff
Lounge
A space for relaxing and
gathering of staff in break
time
Couch,
tables,
chairs
Research
Personnel
40-60 2 sq. m 120 sq. m
Storage
A space provided to store
unused equipment
Stock -do- 2-4 2.5 sq. m 10 sq. m
Private Offices
Provided for researcher
and staff.
Tables,
Chairs,
couch,
computer,
etc,.
-do-
12 set
(5 Set)
12 sq. m. 144 sq. m.
Conference Room
A meeting room for
researchers and staff
Tables and
chairs
-do- 12-24 2.5 sq. m 60 sq. m
Toilet A space provide for Lavatory, Researchers 1 lot 4 sq. m 44sq. m

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- He
- She
primarily for disposal of
human excrement.
toilet
fixture, etc,.
and Staff
Library
A space with a collection
of books, information,
useful materials for
common use.
Natural Lighting
Books,
Shelves,
tables,
Chairs,
couch etc,.
Students and
Research
Personnel
40-120 4 sq. m 480 sq. m
Outdoor Break Area
Area provided for break
time engage in outside
especially in natural
setting.
Open Area Chairs, -do- 1 Set 60 sq. m 60 sq. m
Total
Administration
Administrative Office
Serves as the working
area for administrative
personnel
Tables,
chair, filing
cabinet,
couch
Administrativ
e Personnel
40-60 4 sq. m 240 sq. m
Executive Office
Director Office
Serves as the working
area for the head board
member
Tables,
chair,
computers,
filing
cabinet,
couch, etc.,
Director,
Ass. Director
2 12 sq. m. 24 sq. m
Government Personnel
An office room for
government personnel
Government
Personnel
8-20 6 sq. m 120 sq. m
Private Personnel
An office provided for
private sector
Private
Personnel
1-5 6 sq. m 30 sq. m

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Academic Personnel
An office provided for the
head academic
researcher
Academic
Personnel
4-12 6 sq. m 60 sq. m
Executive Lounge
Waiting area for the
executive offices.
Couch,
table
Staff,
Maintenance
12-40 2 sq. m 80 sq. m
Conference Room
A room provided for
meeting, discussion of
projects and alike.
Tables,
chair, etc,.
All Staff 1 set 2.5 sq. m 60 sq. m
Projection Room
A room provided for
meeting and presentation
Tables,
chair, av
equipments
, etc.,
All Admin
staff
1 set 2.5 sq. m 100 sq. m
Storage and Stock
Serves as the stock room
and storage of files and
other office materials
Time Savers:
This area should be lined
with storage spaces of
materials and equipment of
various sizes.
Located near pantry.
Stock
All Admin
Staff
1-2 4 sq. m. 8 sq. m
Recreation Area
Space provided for
relaxing, waiting and
enjoying the nature view
in the site
Greens,
chairs, etc,.
All User 1 set Varies Varies
Production Area
Work Stations
Work station for all the
production staff
Chairs,
Tables,
computers,
and work
Production
Personnel
and Staff
1 Lot Varies 2500 sq. m +

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area
spaces
Manufacturing Area
Work station to assemble
product
Machines Employees 1 Lot Varies 2500 sq. m +
Warehousing
storage of goods and
products
1 Lot Varies 1200 sq. m +
File Area Serves as the file room
Located near Offices and
storage
Chair, Filing
Cabinets,
table
-do- 2-8 2 sq. m. 16 sq. m.
Break Room
a space to consumpt food
and bevverage since it is
not allowed in the
research laboratories
where hazardous
materials are used.
appropriate in size to
accommodate research
staffs
All User 1 Lot Varies Varies
Meeting Room
Serves as the meeting
area
Located near offices and
working area.
Chairs,
Long table,
white
board,
projector.
Building
Personnel
30-60 2 sq. m 120 sq. m
Total
Employee Facilities
Cafeteria
Dining area for the
employees
Time Savers:
Space for dining area is
usually based on the
Tables and
Chairs
All User 50-200 3 sq. m. 600 sq. m

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number of sq. feet per
person seated times the
number of person seated
at one time.
Located near the counter
of the Kitchen which
serves the food
Kitchen
Serves as the cooking
and preparation space of
the food
Time Savers:
Cafeteria with Self-Service
carousel
Dish
washers,
Refrigerator
, oven,
stoves,
lavatory,
cabinets,
and
preparation
tables
Head cook,
Kitchen Staff
5-12 5 sq. m. 60 sq. m
Coffee Lounge
A break area to serve
and prepare coffee or
other hot bevereages
Table,
chairs,
couch,
counter,
etc,.
All User 20-60 1.5 sq. m 90 sq. m
Break Area
A break area for
employees to relax and
break from work
Chairs,
couch
Building
Personnel
40-60 1.20 sq. m 72 sq. m

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Toilet and Locker Room
Serves as the quarters of
production employee,
storage of their things
and toilet facility
Refer to the Sanitation of
the Phil.
Locker
cabinets,
lavatory,
and
partitions
Production
staff
40-120 1.20 sq. m. 144 sq. m
First Aid and Nurse
Station
nursing people in urgent
situation
Bed, chairs,
desk and
first aid kit
and
equipment
Doctor,
Nurse
1 Set 6 sq. m 36 sq. m
Maintenance
Department
Office for the
maintenance personnel
Chairs,
Tables,
Computers,
etc,.
Maintenance
Personnel
20-40 2 sq. m 80 sq. m
Utility Room
Storage for maintenance
equipment’s
Located near the storage
room where it is not visible
to the visitors and
employees
Maps,
Vacuum,
etc.
Utility
Personnel
2 1.5 sq. m. 3 sq. m
Security Office
Space for security
surveillance and quarters
Located near Admin office.
Tables,
Chair,
telephones
Security 8-20 4 sq. m. 80 sq. m
CCTV Office
Space for CCTV
monitoring
Located near Security
Tables,
Chairs, cctv
equipment.
CCTV
Personnel
2-4 2 sq. m 8 sq. m
Mechanical Room
Area where mechanical
equipments are located
Time Savers:
Mechanical Ventilation
Generator,
AC and
Mechanical
Personnel
4-8 9 sq. m. 72 sq. m

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almost always a
requirement.
power
outlets
Electrical Room
A space dedicated to
electrical equipment.
Proportional to the building
size
Switchboar
ds,
transformer
, battery
room, fire
alarm
control
Electrical
Personnel
2-6 6 sq. m 36 sq. m
Power Room
A space dedicated for
main power distribution
Proportional to the size of
the building and equipment
Generator,
distribution
power
switch
Control
System Staff
4-8 6 sq. m 48 sq. m
Total
Special Building System Control
Oil Extraction
A space provided for the
harvest and extraction of
oil out of algae cultivated.
Safety energy intensive
guidelines
Extraction
System
technology
(produced
by CTI
company
and alike)
Research
Staff
4-12 Varies Varies
Computer Control/
Monitoring System
monitoring and controlling
technical needs in algae
cultivation system
Desk,
Computers,
monitoring
equipments
-do- 2-8 4 sq. m 32 sq. m

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Pump Room
A space dedicated for
water treatment system.
Pump
panels and
hydro
system
-do- 2-4 6 sq. m 24 sq. m
Algae Power
Harnessing Room
A space dedicated for Oil
conversion to Energy for
the building
Generator, -do- 2-4 Varies Varies
Resource Recovery
Waste
monitoring and managing
of waste materials
converting it to energy to
fuel for cooking.
ISO14001 Accreditation.
Thermal
treatment
Generator,
-do- 2-4 -do- -do-
Water Storage
A space allotted for water
tanks for building use
Water tanks n/a -do- -do-
Water Treatment
System
water treatment
Waste
water unit
and system
Researchers
and staff
2-4 -do- -do-
Total

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SPACE PROGRAM TABLE CHART

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HEAD
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
SPECIALIST
SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCHERS
NETWORK
RESEARCHERS
ENGINEERS
NETWORK
STAFF
SCIENTIST
RESEARCHER
STUDENT
STAFF
STAFF
4.6 Organizational Chart
Chart 4.6.1 Organizational Chart
Director
Ad inistrative Personnel Acade ic Personnel Private Sector
Board of Director
Security Personnel
Maintenance Personnel
Finance Personnel
Ad in Staffs
Govern ent Personnel
DOST Depart ent
Personnel
DOE Depart ent
Personnel
Research Students
Under Grad &
Graduates
Acade ic
Professionals
Petron Oil
Representative
Researchers
Scientist
Engineers
Production Personnel
Services
Investors

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4.7 Behavioral Analysis
 Visitors at site behavioral pattern
 Employee at site behavioral pattern
 Research and Student at site behavioral pattern

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4.8 Space Circulation

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4.9 Site Computation
DISTRIBUTION OF SITE AREA
Building
Classification
Zoning
Classification
Lot Classification
(BHL)
Building
Height Limit
(FLAR)Floor to Lot Area
Ratio
% of TLA
DIVISION D-1 Lot Zoning
(TLA) total
lot are
Lot type
Location
FLAR
Designation
Rights
Computed
FLAR
Maximun
Buildable
allowable
Open Space
Light Industry Industrial 1
Residential-
Light
Industrial -
Commercial
Mix
170,467 sq.
m
Through Lot
15.00 meters
or must follow
exceed duly
approve BHL
in the major
zone
2.5 0.167539758
50% with fire
wall
50% with fire wall
10% open
space for
A,B,C,D & J
60% without
firewall
40% without
firewall
Max. Total Floor Area 2,045,604
Admin 15% 306840.6
Research Laboratories 25% 511401
Production Area 20% 409120.8
Algae Farm 40% 818241.6

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CHAPTER IV:
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PRESENTATION
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
DESIGN CONCEPTUALIZATION
RESEARCH FACILITY PLAN
PRODUCTION BUILDING PLAN
ARCHITECTURAL INTERIOR PERSPECTIVES
PERSPECTIVES

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