Fluoroscopy is a medical imaging technique that uses x-rays and an image intensifier to obtain real-time moving images of the internal structures of the body. It allows physicians to see the movement of internal body parts and is commonly used for procedures like barium swallow exams. The key components of a fluoroscope system include an x-ray generator, x-ray tube, image intensifier tube, focusing lenses, video camera, and CCD. The image intensifier tube converts x-rays into a visible light image using a photocathode, phosphor, and PMT to multiply electrons and allow real-time x-ray images to be captured by the video camera and displayed on a monitor.

1. BASICS OF
FLUOROSCOPY /IMAGE
INTESIFIER TUBE
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
SYED HAMMAD
AKHTER
2012-BM-071
PRESENTED TO
ENGR. FAHAD
AKBER

2. What Is Fluoroscopy ?
 Study of moving body structures.
 Similar to an x-ray
 Fluoroscopy is also an imaging tool.
 Allows physicians to look at various
body systems
 Show continuous x-ray image
 Images taken quickly allow for this to
happen
 Shows movement of body parts
“Fluoroscopy is a common technique used by clinical
physicians to obtain real time images of moving body parts and
internal structures of a patient”
A barium swallow exam taken via fluoroscopy

3. Some fluoroscope images

4. Why Fluoroscopy ?
ADVANTAGES OVER NORMAL X-RAY MACHINE
primary advantages
 Real time imaging
 No dark room required
Secondary advantages
 Mobile/moveable
 Easy to locomate as compared to x-
rays
Display motion images produced
at a maximum rate of 25-30 complete
images per second.
Brightness The principal advantage of
image intensified fluoro is an increased
brightness
Mobile fluoroscopic system for routine
procedures during surgery

5. Components of Fluoroscope
 X-ray Generator
selection of (kVp) and (mA)
 X-ray Tube
Converts electrical energy
provided by the generator
into an x-ray beam.
 Image Intensifier
converts incident x rays into
a minified visible light image
 Focusing lenses
To converge
 Video Camera
To record the images
 CCD
Capture real time image &
display
Ac current DC

6. Image Intensifier tube
Input
phosphor
Cesium
Iodide CsI
photo
Cathode
P
M
T
Output
Phosphor
(Zinc
Cadmium
sulfide)
Concave
Lens
Monitor
/CCD
camera
Light
e
e
Light
X-ray
photon
Input phosphor made of cesium iodide which convert x-ray into visible light
Photocathode convert visible into electrons
PMT multiply the electrons with the help of dynode
Output phosphor made of zinc cadmium sulfide
convert e- to visible light
Focusing lens used to converge the light to CCD
CCD use to capture real time x-ray and display on
monitor screen
Block Diagram

7. PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBEVIDEO CAMERA
Monitor/CCD
Better way ?