Fluoroscopy systems
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The document summarizes the key components and parameters of fluoroscopy systems. It discusses the image intensifier, which converts x-ray photons into light photons and uses electrodes to focus electrons onto an output screen. Parameters like conversion coefficient, brightness uniformity, and spatial resolution are described. It also covers the image intensifier's connection to a TV system using cameras like vidicons or CCDs, and how this produces a video signal to display fluoroscopy images on a monitor in real-time.
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Fluoroscopy systems
- 1. RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY L16.1: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy
- 5. Part 16.1: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy Topic 1: Example of fluoroscopy systems IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 8. Direct Fluoroscopy: obsolete In older fluoroscopic examinations radiologist stands behind screen and view the picture Radiologist receives high exposure; despite protective glass, lead shielding in stand, apron and perhaps goggles Main source staff exposure is NOT the patient but direct beam
- 9. Older Fluoroscopic Equipment (still in use in some countries) Staff in DIRECT beam Even no protection
- 11. Modern Image Intensifier based fluoroscopy system
- 12. Modern fluoroscopic system components Automatic control display brightness radiation dose film exposure Timer Display control
- 15. Part 16.1: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy Topic 2: Image Intensifier component and parameters IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 16. The image intensifier (I.I.) + I.I. Input Screen I.I.Output Screen Photocathode Electrode E 1 Electrode E 3 Electrode E 2 Electrons Path
- 21. Image distortion
- 23. Line pair gauges
- 28. Part 16.1: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy Topic 3: Image Intensifier and TV system IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 30. VIDICON FILM PM REFERENCE kV CONTROLLER X Ray TUBE kV GENERAL SCHEME OF FLUOROSCOPY
- 31. VIDICON FILM PM CONTROLLER X Ray TUBE kV CINE MODE I 2 Ref. I 3 C 1 I 1 C 2
- 35. Photoconductive camera tube Focussing optical lens Input plate Steering coils Deviation coil Alignement coil Accelarator grids Control grid Electron beam Video Signal Signal electrode Field grid Electrode Electron gun Iris Photoconductive layer
- 38. Different types of scanning INTERLACED SCANNING PROGRESSIVE SCANNING 12 2 14 4 16 18 6 1 8 20 13 15 17 10 11 3 21 19 5 7 9 3 5 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 7 9 11 13 15 17 1 625 lines in 40 ms i.e. : 25 frames/s
- 41. Schematic structure of a charged couple device (CCD)
- 43. TV image sampling SYNCHRO 12 µs LIGHT INTENSITY SAMPLING 64 µs VIDEO SIGNAL (1 LINE) 52 µs IMAGE LINE SINGLE LINE TIME DIGITIZED SIGNAL ONE LINE IMAGE 512 x 512 PIXELS WIDTH 512 HEIGHT 512
- 44. Digital radiography principle Clock Memory ADC I Iris t t ANALOGUE SIGNAL DIGITAL SIGNAL See more in Lecture L20
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