This document discusses flat panel digital fluoroscopy. It begins by explaining that fluoroscopy is a technique that uses a fluoroscope to obtain real-time moving images of a patient's internal structures. It then classifies fluoroscopy into C-arm and under/over table units, as well as conventional and digital units. The document goes on to explain that flat panel detectors have replaced image intensifier tubes and CCD cameras in digital fluoroscopy. Flat panel detectors consist of an array of individual detector elements and use a CsI phosphor, amorphous silicon, and thin film transistors to convert X-rays into light and then electronic signals. In closing, the mechanisms of flat panel detectors and traditional image intensifiers are compared through diagrams

1. By, Akash Das
Student Code- BWU/BRI/19/005
Paper Code- BMRIT-304
Flat Panel Digital Fluoroscopy

2. • Fluoroscopy:
Fluoroscopy is an imaging technique used to obtain real-time
moving images of the internal structures of a patient through
the use of a fluoroscope.
Flat Panel Digital Fluoroscopy
Fig- 3: Direct Fluoroscopy
Fig- 1: C-arm Fluoroscopy
• Classification of Fluoroscopy:
1. a) C-arm & b)Under table or over table units
2. a)Conventional & b)Digital Units
Fig- 2: Under Table Fluoroscopy

3. Fig- 4: Direct Fluoroscopy systems
Flat Panel Detector
Fig- 5: Conventional Fluoroscopy
Fig- 6: CCD (It
Replaced The Video
System)
Fig- 7: Flat Panel Detector Fluoroscopy

4. • Instead of Image Intensifier (II) tube and CCD camera, flat
panel detectors (FPD) are used in digital fluoroscopy.
• It consists of array of individual detector elements (DEL), of
varying size of 200-140μm.
• The commonly used FPD is the indirect solid state system. It is
a CsI phosphor with amorphous silicon and thin film transistor.
It converts X-ray into light and then into electronic signal.
Fig- 8: Constriction of FPD Fig- 9: Conventional Vs Fujfilm’s New Method

5. Mechanism Of Flat Panel Detector
• X-ray
• Cesium Iodide
• Photocathode (Silicon)
• Thin Film Transistor (TFT) array
Mechanism Of Image Intensifier
• X-ray
• Input Phosphor(CsI)
• Photocathode
• Output Phosphor
Fig- 10: Design of Image Intensifier Fig- 11: Design of Flat Panel Detector

6. THANK YOU