The stomach J-shaped. It has two surfaces (the anterior & posterior), two curvatures (the greater & lesser), two orifices (the cardia & pylorus). It has fundus, body and pyloric antrum.
Blood supply
The left gastric artery
Right gastric artery
Right gastro-epiploic artery
Left gastro-epiploic artery
Short gastric arteries
Stomach cancer begins when cancer cells form in the inner lining of your stomach. These cells can grow into a tumor. Also called gastric cancer, the disease usually grows slowly over many years.
It could be:
malignant or benign
primary or secondary
The stomach J-shaped. It has two surfaces (the anterior & posterior), two curvatures (the greater & lesser), two orifices (the cardia & pylorus). It has fundus, body and pyloric antrum.
Blood supply
The left gastric artery
Right gastric artery
Right gastro-epiploic artery
Left gastro-epiploic artery
Short gastric arteries
Stomach cancer begins when cancer cells form in the inner lining of your stomach. These cells can grow into a tumor. Also called gastric cancer, the disease usually grows slowly over many years.
It could be:
malignant or benign
primary or secondary
Sites of the highest risk are the duodenum, for adenocarcinomas, and the ileum, for carcinoids and lymphomas.
In industrialized countries, small bowel cancers are predominantly adenocarcinomas;
In developing countries, lymphomas are much more common.
The incidence of small bowel cancer rises with age and has generally been higher among males than among females.
The risk factors for small bowel cancer include
Dietary factor
Cigarette smoking,
Alcohol intake,
Medical conditions -Crohn's disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, cholecystectomy, peptic ulcer disease, and cystic fibrosis.
The protective factors may include rapid cell turnover, a general absence of bacteria, an alkaline environment, and low levels of activating enzymes of precarcinogens.
stomach cancer is the common melignancy in male and female can leads to death of patient this ppt help in knowing the condition and its management and help nurses for their knowledge, to improve academic performance and application in their clinical practice
Sites of the highest risk are the duodenum, for adenocarcinomas, and the ileum, for carcinoids and lymphomas.
In industrialized countries, small bowel cancers are predominantly adenocarcinomas;
In developing countries, lymphomas are much more common.
The incidence of small bowel cancer rises with age and has generally been higher among males than among females.
The risk factors for small bowel cancer include
Dietary factor
Cigarette smoking,
Alcohol intake,
Medical conditions -Crohn's disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, cholecystectomy, peptic ulcer disease, and cystic fibrosis.
The protective factors may include rapid cell turnover, a general absence of bacteria, an alkaline environment, and low levels of activating enzymes of precarcinogens.
stomach cancer is the common melignancy in male and female can leads to death of patient this ppt help in knowing the condition and its management and help nurses for their knowledge, to improve academic performance and application in their clinical practice
Rectal cancer grows in the rectum cells which are placed beneath the sigmoid colon and over the anus in our body. The rectal and colon that are present in the body come together, that is colorectal cancer. The reason behind these circumstances is that they both are part of the digestive system.
An esophageal cancer diagnosis is life-changing. Liver Pancreas is provides complete treatment for esophageal cancer in Florida. Contact us for esophageal cancer prognosis.
A colonoscopy can be used to detect cancer of the colon or colon polyps. In addition, a colonoscopy may be recommended to diagnose and treat colon and rectum diseases such as : Please visit : http://www.drpsurgery.com/colonoscopy
The Kidney cancer also called renal cancer. It's a disease in which kidney cells become malignant and grow out of control, forming a tumor. Almost all kidney cancers first appear in the lining of tiny tubules in the kidney. This type of kidney cancer is called renal cell carcinoma.
CENTRAL SYDNEY COLORECTAL SURGEONS provide an integrated and wholistic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of all colorectal conditions. Are you aware of Colonoscopythe best test for detection of cancer? Check http://colorectal-surgeon.com.au/colonoscopy/
This presentation provides an introduction to quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in plant breeding. The presentation begins by explaining the type of quantitative traits. The process of QTL analysis, including the use of molecular genetic markers and statistical methods, is discussed. Practical examples demonstrating the power of MAS are provided, such as its use in improving crop traits in plant breeding programs. Overall, this presentation offers a comprehensive overview of these important genomics-based approaches that are transforming modern agriculture.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir.pptxDenish Jangid
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir
Types of SWM
Liquid wastes
Gaseous wastes
Solid wastes.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE:
Based on their sources of origin
Based on physical nature
SYSTEMS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF THE SOLID WASTE:
OPEN DUMPS:
LANDFILLS:
Sanitary landfills
COMPOSTING
Different stages of composting
VERMICOMPOSTING:
Vermicomposting process:
Encapsulation:
Incineration
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE:
Refuse
Reuse
Recycle
Reduce
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. • MEDICAL HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAM
• UPPER ENDOSCOPY
Endoscope passed down throat to stomach and checked for any signs of
cancer. If suspicious a piece can be collected(biopsy). In endoscope stomach
cancer looks like an ulcer , a mushroom shaped or protruding mass, or diffuse ,
flat, thickened areas of mucosa known as linitis plastia.
sometimes in cases of heriditary diffuse stomach cancers cannot be seen
during endoscopy.
• ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND
In this a small transducer is placed on the tip of an endoscope. The doctor can
see the layers of stomach wall, as well as the nearby lymph nodes and other
structures just outside the stomach. The picture quality is better than a
standard ultrasound because of shorter distance of the sound waves to travel.
• BIOPSY
3. • Biopsies are obtained mainly through endoscopy and are sent to labs to be
seen under the microscope. The sample contain cancer , and if they do,
what kind it is ( for example , adenocarcinoma, carcinoid gastrointestinal
stromal tumor). If a sample contains adenocarcinoma cells, it may be
tested to see if it has too much of a growth promoting protein called
HER2/neu. If they are HER2 positive can be treated with drugs that target
the HER2/neu protein , such as trastuzumab.
• IMAGING TESTS
1. UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL SERIES
For this test, the patient drinks white chalky solution containing barium . The
barium coats the lining of the oesophagus ,stomach, and the small intestine.
Several x rays are taken and since x rays cant pass through the coating of barium ,
this will outline any abnormalities.
2.COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
CT scans can show the stomach clearly and can often confirm the location of
cancer. It also shows the organs in the vicinity of stomach like liver , lymph nodes
and distant organs where cancer might have spread. It helps to determine the
extent of cancer and whether surgery may be a good treatment option.
4. 3. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Used for more information, but used less often.
4. POSITION EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
In this , a radioactive substance is injected into vein. Because cancer cells grow
faster than normal cells , they take up the radioactive substance. PET is useful if
the doctor thinks that the cancer has spread but dosent know where.
5. CHEST X RAY
It can be used to chack if cancer has spread to the lungs.
• OTHER TESTS
LAPROSCOPY
It is done if stomach cancer has already been found out. Used to detect even
small tumors . Doctors do this beore any other surgery or chemotherapy or
radiation to confirm a stomach cancer is still only in the stomach and can be
removed completely with surgery.
5. • LAB TESTS
CBC for anemia
fecal occult blood test to look for stool in blood
7. • Complications of gastric carinoma include
malnutrition
malabsorption
bowel obstruction
gastrointestinal bleeding’
chemotherapy side effects
-anorexia
-bone marrow damage
-constipation and diarrhoea
-hair loss
-increased risk of infection
-mouth sores
-nausea and vomiting
-weakness or fatigue
8. • POST OPERATION COMPLICATIONS OF GASTRECTOMY
wound infection
leaking from where the stomach has been closed or reattached.
stricture
chest infection
internal bleeding
blockage of the small intestines
acid reflux
vitamin deficiency particularly vit B12, C, and D, obtained from the food you eat.
anemia due to deficiency of vit B12
brittle bones and weakened muscles due to vit D infection.
weight loss , eating even a small meal makes them uncomfortably full.