Colon cancer develops when healthy cells in the colon develop genetic mutations, causing abnormal cell growth. Risk factors include older age, family history, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, smoking, and a diet low in fiber and high in fat. Symptoms include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, and abdominal discomfort. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, colonoscopy, and biopsies. Treatment may include surgery to remove the cancerous tissue, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Supportive care focuses on relieving pain and improving quality of life.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
Ovarian cancer is when abnormal cells in the ovary begin to multiply out of control and form a tumor. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to other parts of the body. This is called metastatic ovarian cancer.
The ovaries are two female reproductive glands that produce ova, or eggs. They also produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and stomach. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is more difficult to treat and can be fatal.
Ovarian cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages. Later stages are associated with symptoms, but they can be non-specific, such as loss of appetite and weight loss.
Blood test to measure cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels. This is a biomarker that is used to assess treatment response for ovarian cancer and other reproductive organ cancers. However, menstruation, uterine fibroids, and uterine cancer can also affect levels of CA-125 in the blood.
Biopsy. This involves removing a small sample of tissue from the ovary and analyzing the sample under a microscope. A biopsy is the only way your doctor can confirm whether you have ovarian cancer.
Surgery and chemotherapy are generally used to treat ovarian cancer.
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
Ovarian cancer is when abnormal cells in the ovary begin to multiply out of control and form a tumor. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to other parts of the body. This is called metastatic ovarian cancer.
The ovaries are two female reproductive glands that produce ova, or eggs. They also produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and stomach. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is more difficult to treat and can be fatal.
Ovarian cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages. Later stages are associated with symptoms, but they can be non-specific, such as loss of appetite and weight loss.
Blood test to measure cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels. This is a biomarker that is used to assess treatment response for ovarian cancer and other reproductive organ cancers. However, menstruation, uterine fibroids, and uterine cancer can also affect levels of CA-125 in the blood.
Biopsy. This involves removing a small sample of tissue from the ovary and analyzing the sample under a microscope. A biopsy is the only way your doctor can confirm whether you have ovarian cancer.
Surgery and chemotherapy are generally used to treat ovarian cancer.
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
CCSN welcomed back Helene Hutchings to discuss anal and colorectal cancer in this educational webinar. Helene discussed the symptoms & risk factors of these cancers, as well as treatment options that are available.
She also discussed prevention of anal and colorectal cancers and the benefits of peer-to-peer support groups.
For Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, CCSN welcomed back Helene Hutchings to discuss anal and colorectal cancer in this educational webinar. Helene discussed the symptoms & risk factors of these cancers, as well as treatment options that are available.
She also discussed prevention of anal and colorectal cancers and the benefits of peer-to-peer support groups.
There was a Q&A session following the webinar.
Please share this video with anyone who may be interested!
Watch all our webinars: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4dDQscmFYu_ezxuxnAE61hx4JlqAKXpR
In this webinar:
● Understanding colorectal and anal cancer, including symptoms, risk factors
● Treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiation and biologics
● Preventing colorectal and anal cancer
View the video: https://youtu.be/q0z8N1_L-JQ
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Liver cancer is a life-threatening illness and one of the fastest-growing cancer types in the United States. There are two kinds of liver cancer: primary and secondary. Primary cancer starts in your liver. Secondary cancer spreads to your liver from another part of your body. This article is an overview of primary liver cancer.
Like many kinds of cancer, healthcare providers can do more to treat liver cancer during the disease’s early stage. Unlike many kinds of cancer, healthcare providers have a good idea of what increases someone’s risk of developing liver cancer. With that in mind, healthcare providers are intent on identifying who may be at increased risk so they can catch and treat primary liver cancer as early as possible.
GALLBLADDER CANCER UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE AND TREATMENT OPTIONS AVAILABLE....Lovina Kapoor
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ in the upper right side of the abdomen below the liver. Its prime function is to store and deliver bile (a fluid secreted by liver to digest fats).
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. SOME TIMES IT WILL BE CALLED AS COLORECTAL
CANCER…………………………..
3. • A cancer of the colon or rectum, located at the
digestive tract's lower end.
4.
5. CAUSES
• In most cases, it's not clear what causes colon
cancer. Doctors know that colon cancer occurs
when healthy cells in the colon develop errors
in their DNA.
• Inherited gene mutations that increase the
risk of colon cancer can be passed through
families, but these inherited genes are linked
to only a small percentage of colon cancers.
7. RISK FACTORS
• Older age. The great majority of people diagnosed
with colon cancer are older than 50. Colon cancer can
occur in younger people, but it occurs much less
frequently.
• African-American race. African-Americans have a
greater risk of colon cancer than do people of other
races.
• A personal history of colorectal cancer or polyps. If
you've already had colon cancer or adenomatous
polyps, you have a greater risk of colon cancer in the
future.
• Inflammatory intestinal conditions. Chronic
inflammatory diseases of the colon, such as ulcerative
colitis and Crohn's disease, can increase your risk of
colon cancer.
8. • Inherited syndromes that increase colon cancer
risk. Genetic syndromes passed through generations of
your family can increase your risk of colon cancer.
These syndromes include familial adenomatous
polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal
cancer, which is also known as Lynch syndrome.
• Family history of colon cancer. You're more likely to
develop colon cancer if you have a parent, sibling or
child with the disease. If more than one family member
has colon cancer or rectal cancer, your risk is even
greater.
9. • Low-fiber, high-fat diet. Colon cancer and rectal
cancer may be associated with a diet low in fiber
and high in fat and calories. Research in this area
has had mixed results. Some studies have found
an increased risk of colon cancer in people who
eat diets high in red meat and processed meat.
• A sedentary lifestyle. If you're inactive, you're
more likely to develop colon cancer. Getting
regular physical activity may reduce your risk of
colon cancer.
10. • Diabetes. People with diabetes and insulin
resistance may have an increased risk of colon
cancer.
• Obesity. People who are obese have an
increased risk of colon cancer and an
increased risk of dying of colon cancer when
compared with people considered normal
weight.
11. • Smoking. People who smoke may have an
increased risk of colon cancer.
• Alcohol. Heavy use of alcohol may increase
your risk of colon cancer.
• Radiation therapy for cancer. Radiation
therapy directed at the abdomen to treat
previous cancers may increase the risk of
colon cancer.
12. Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of colon cancer include:
• A change in your bowel habits, including diarrhea or
constipation or a change in the consistency of your
stool, that lasts longer than four weeks
• Rectal bleeding or blood in your stool
• Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, gas
or pain
• A feeling that your bowel doesn't empty completely
• Weakness or fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
13. STAGING
• Stage I. Your cancer has grown through the superficial
lining (mucosa) of the colon or rectum but hasn't
spread beyond the colon wall or rectum.
• Stage II. Your cancer has grown into or through the
wall of the colon or rectum but hasn't spread to nearby
lymph nodes.
• Stage III. Your cancer has invaded nearby lymph nodes
but isn't affecting other parts of your body yet.
• Stage IV. Your cancer has spread to distant sites, such
as other organs — for instance, to your liver or lung.
14. DIAGNOSIS
• History collection
• Physical examination
• Using a scope to examine the inside of your
colon. Colonoscopy uses a long, flexible and
slender tube attached to a video camera and
monitor to view your entire colon and rectum.
If any suspicious areas are found, doctor can
pass surgical tools through the tube to take
tissue samples (biopsies) for analysis.
15. • Blood tests. No blood test can tell you if you
have colon cancer. But doctor may test your
blood for clues about your overall health, such
as kidney and liver function tests.
• CT SCAN
• MRI SCAN
18. Surgery for early-stage colon cancer
• Removing polyps during colonoscopy….
If the cancer is small, localized
in a polyp and in a very early stage, your doctor
may be able to remove it completely during a
colonoscopy.
• Endoscopic mucosal resection….
Removing larger polyps may
require also taking a small amount of the lining
of the colon in a procedure called endoscopic
mucosal resection.
19. • Minimally invasive surgery.
Polyps that can't be removed
during colonoscopy may be removed using
laparoscopic surgery. In this procedure, surgeon
performs the operation through several small
incisions in the abdominal wall, inserting
instruments with attached cameras that display
your colon on a video monitor. The surgeon may
also take samples from lymph nodes in the area
where the cancer is located.
20. Surgery for invasive colon cancer
• Partial colectomy….
During this procedure, the surgeon
removes the part of colon that contains the
cancer, along with a margin of normal tissue on
either side of the cancer. The surgeon is often
able to reconnect the healthy portions of colon
or rectum.
21.
22. • Surgery to create a way for waste to leave
your body….
When it's not possible to
reconnect the healthy portions of colon or
rectum, you may need to have a permanent or
temporary colostomy.
This involves creating an
opening in the wall of abdomen from a portion
of the remaining bowel for the elimination of
body waste into a special bag.
23.
24. • Sometimes the colostomy is only temporary,
allowing your colon or rectum time to heal
after surgery. In some cases, however, the
colostomy may be permanent.
25. • Lymph node removal…
Nearby lymph nodes are
usually also removed during colon cancer
surgery and tested for cancer.
26. Surgery for advanced cancer
• If cancer is very advanced or the overall health
is very poor, the surgeon may recommend an
operation to relieve a blockage of your colon
or other conditions in order to improve
symptoms.
• This surgery isn't done to cure cancer, but
instead to relieve signs and symptoms, such as
bleeding and pain.
27. CHEMOTHERAPY
• Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells.
Chemotherapy for colon cancer is usually given
after surgery if the cancer has spread to the
lymph nodes. In this way, chemotherapy may help
reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.
Chemotherapy may be used before surgery to
shrink the cancer before an operation.
• Chemotherapy can also be given to relieve
symptoms of colon cancer that has spread to
other areas of the body.
29. SUPPORTIVE (PALLIATIVE) CARE
• Palliative care is specialized medical care that
focuses on providing relief from pain and
other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative
care specialists work with the patient,
patient’s family and other doctors to provide
an extra layer of support that complements
ongoing care.
• When palliative care is used along with all of
the other appropriate treatments, people with
cancer may feel better and live longer.
30. • Palliative care is provided by a team of
doctors, nurses and other specially trained
professionals.
• Palliative care teams aim to improve the
quality of life for people with cancer and their
families.
• This form of care is offered alongside curative
or other treatments you may be receiving.
31. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Alternative treatments that may help relieve
distress include:
– Art therapy
– Dance or movement therapy
– Exercise
– Meditation
– Music therapy
– Relaxation exercises
32. NURSING MANAGEMENT
• prepare the patient for surgery, as indicated.
• Provide comfort measures and reassurance for
patients undergoing radiation therapy.
• Prepare the patient for the adverse effects of
chemotherapy and take steps to minimize this
effects.
33. • Use strict aseptic technique when caring for
I.V. catheters.
• Have the patient wash his hands before and
after meals and after going to the bathroom.
• Listen to the patient’s fears and concerns, stay
with him during periods of severe stress and
anxiety.
34. • Encourage the patient to identify actions and
care measures that will promote his comfort
and relaxation.
• Monitor the patient’s bowel patterns.
• Monitors the patient’s diet modification, and
assess the adequacy of his nutrition intake.
35. • Direct the patient to follow a high fiber diet.
• Caution him to take laxatives or an
antidiarrheal medications only as prescribed
by the doctor.
• Inform the patient about screening and early
detection.