This document provides information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) including its history, current statistics on cardiac arrest, the goals and steps of CPR, and guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA). It details the adult BLS sequence of assessing for responsiveness, activating emergency services, providing chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and use of an automated external defibrillator. Advanced cardiac life support techniques like defibrillation, intubation, and use of resuscitation drugs are also summarized. New recommendations from the AHA on compression rate, ventilation volume, and capnography monitoring are highlighted.
The document outlines guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) presented by interns at KIMS, BBSR. It discusses BLS guidelines including CPR technique and choking, and provides ACLS algorithms. Key aspects of BLS covered are assessing carotid pulse, initiating chest compressions if no pulse, and reassessing after 2 minutes of CPR. ACLS algorithms outlined include those for adult cardiac arrest, post-cardiac arrest care, tachycardia, and bradycardia. Identifying unstable patients using HASIA criteria is also summarized.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION- BLS & ACLS-2020 AHA UPDATEAryaDasmahapatra
This document provides information about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocols. It begins with definitions of CPR and its purposes to support life through circulation and prevent brain damage from lack of oxygen. The history of developments in CPR techniques from chest compressions to defibrillation are outlined. Adult and pediatric BLS protocols are described, including assessing responsiveness, calling for help, performing high-quality chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and using an automated external defibrillator. Differences in CPR for adults, children and infants are also summarized.
BLS(basic life support) & ACLS with PALS by Dr. ShailendraShailendra Satpute
This document provides information on Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). It defines cardiac arrest, outlines its causes and types including ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity. It describes the signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest. It also summarizes the steps of BLS including chest compressions, airway management, rescue breathing, and defibrillation. Advanced techniques like intubation, use of laryngeal mask airways, endotracheal tubes, and automated external defibrillators are also outlined.
The document provides information on basic life support (BLS) training. It begins with an introduction stating that BLS skills are vital for healthcare providers to learn and re-learn. The document then defines BLS and its key components, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), maintaining an open airway, and chest compressions. It provides guidance on performing CPR for adults, children, and infants. The document emphasizes the importance of early recognition of emergencies and prompt treatment, as well as following the proper techniques and timing for chest compressions. It concludes by noting some key points to remember when performing BLS, such as positioning oneself at the victim's side and avoiding obstructing the airway during
Cardioversion is a procedure that uses electric shock or drugs to convert an abnormal heart rhythm back to normal. There are two main types - electrical cardioversion, which delivers a synchronized electric shock, and pharmacological cardioversion, which uses antiarrhythmic drugs. Electrical cardioversion can be elective or emergency, while pharmacological cardioversion utilizes various classes of drugs like beta blockers, sodium channel blockers, and calcium channel blockers to restore normal rhythm. The document outlines the differences between cardioversion and defibrillation, indications and contraindications for cardioversion, recommendations, procedure steps, complications, and drug options for pharmacological cardioversion.
The document provides information on basic life support (BLS) including definitions, the adult chain of survival, call or CPR first considerations, signs requiring CPR, approaching a victim, and high quality CPR techniques. It discusses refining the recognition of cardiac arrest and initiation of CPR or calling emergency services. Emphasis is placed on minimizing interruptions during chest compressions and avoiding excessive ventilation.
The document defines basic life support (BLS) and outlines the key steps and components of BLS. It explains that BLS includes performing high-quality CPR, using an automated external defibrillator (AED), and relieving an obstructed airway. The "chain of survival" is introduced as assessing response, activating emergency services, performing chest compressions, checking airway/breathing, defibrillating if needed, and continuing resuscitation until help arrives. Key BLS maneuvers like chest compressions, rescue breathing, and AED use are summarized.
The document outlines guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) presented by interns at KIMS, BBSR. It discusses BLS guidelines including CPR technique and choking, and provides ACLS algorithms. Key aspects of BLS covered are assessing carotid pulse, initiating chest compressions if no pulse, and reassessing after 2 minutes of CPR. ACLS algorithms outlined include those for adult cardiac arrest, post-cardiac arrest care, tachycardia, and bradycardia. Identifying unstable patients using HASIA criteria is also summarized.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION- BLS & ACLS-2020 AHA UPDATEAryaDasmahapatra
This document provides information about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocols. It begins with definitions of CPR and its purposes to support life through circulation and prevent brain damage from lack of oxygen. The history of developments in CPR techniques from chest compressions to defibrillation are outlined. Adult and pediatric BLS protocols are described, including assessing responsiveness, calling for help, performing high-quality chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and using an automated external defibrillator. Differences in CPR for adults, children and infants are also summarized.
BLS(basic life support) & ACLS with PALS by Dr. ShailendraShailendra Satpute
This document provides information on Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). It defines cardiac arrest, outlines its causes and types including ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity. It describes the signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest. It also summarizes the steps of BLS including chest compressions, airway management, rescue breathing, and defibrillation. Advanced techniques like intubation, use of laryngeal mask airways, endotracheal tubes, and automated external defibrillators are also outlined.
The document provides information on basic life support (BLS) training. It begins with an introduction stating that BLS skills are vital for healthcare providers to learn and re-learn. The document then defines BLS and its key components, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), maintaining an open airway, and chest compressions. It provides guidance on performing CPR for adults, children, and infants. The document emphasizes the importance of early recognition of emergencies and prompt treatment, as well as following the proper techniques and timing for chest compressions. It concludes by noting some key points to remember when performing BLS, such as positioning oneself at the victim's side and avoiding obstructing the airway during
Cardioversion is a procedure that uses electric shock or drugs to convert an abnormal heart rhythm back to normal. There are two main types - electrical cardioversion, which delivers a synchronized electric shock, and pharmacological cardioversion, which uses antiarrhythmic drugs. Electrical cardioversion can be elective or emergency, while pharmacological cardioversion utilizes various classes of drugs like beta blockers, sodium channel blockers, and calcium channel blockers to restore normal rhythm. The document outlines the differences between cardioversion and defibrillation, indications and contraindications for cardioversion, recommendations, procedure steps, complications, and drug options for pharmacological cardioversion.
The document provides information on basic life support (BLS) including definitions, the adult chain of survival, call or CPR first considerations, signs requiring CPR, approaching a victim, and high quality CPR techniques. It discusses refining the recognition of cardiac arrest and initiation of CPR or calling emergency services. Emphasis is placed on minimizing interruptions during chest compressions and avoiding excessive ventilation.
The document defines basic life support (BLS) and outlines the key steps and components of BLS. It explains that BLS includes performing high-quality CPR, using an automated external defibrillator (AED), and relieving an obstructed airway. The "chain of survival" is introduced as assessing response, activating emergency services, performing chest compressions, checking airway/breathing, defibrillating if needed, and continuing resuscitation until help arrives. Key BLS maneuvers like chest compressions, rescue breathing, and AED use are summarized.
The document summarizes key changes in the 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. It thanks contributors and provides an introduction. Major changes included in the adult basic and advanced life support section are emphasized, such as enhanced algorithms, early CPR and epinephrine administration, monitoring CPR quality, and improved post-cardiac arrest care. New recommendations are highlighted regarding various resuscitation practices.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) involves three key steps:
1) Assessment of the collapsed victim to determine unresponsiveness and activate emergency services.
2) Performance of chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute and depth of 5-6 cm, allowing full chest recoil between compressions.
3) Use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) as soon as it is available to analyze the heart rhythm and deliver a shock if needed.
The document outlines the basics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and managing foreign body airway obstructions (FBAO), including the importance of early CPR in the chain of survival. It provides guidance on performing chest compressions and rescue breathing for adults, children, and infants, including correct hand positioning, compression rates and depths. The document also describes signs of effective CPR and complications to avoid when performing resuscitations.
This document provides an overview of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and discusses key topics including:
1. Definitions of CPR, clinical death, and biologic death and the goals of resuscitation.
2. The history and development of CPR techniques.
3. Steps of basic life support (BLS) including airway control, rescue breathing, and chest compressions at a rate of 100 per minute with a depth of 1.5-2 inches.
4. Complications that can occur with CPR and factors that impact survival rates.
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
The document outlines an educational program on cardiac arrest for 4th year nursing students. The objectives are to review cardiac arrest, basic life support, advanced life support, and demonstrate skills like basic life support, airway insertion, and defibrillation. The program agenda includes topics on cardiac arrest, basic and advanced life support, defibrillation, drugs used in advanced life support, and demonstrations of skills. It provides details on cardiac arrest, basic life support procedures like chest compressions and rescue breathing, and advanced life support including defibrillation and drugs.
This document provides information on basic life support (BLS) procedures for adults. It discusses that cardiac arrests are a major health issue, but that bystander CPR and early defibrillation can significantly increase survival rates. The key steps of BLS are described as CAB: assessing the airway, checking breathing, and performing chest compressions. 30 chest compressions should be provided initially before giving 2 rescue breaths. Foreign body airway obstruction is also addressed, with descriptions of back blows and abdominal thrusts to relieve mild to severe obstructions. Defibrillation is the final link in the chain of survival.
CPR is an emergency procedure performed to manually preserve brain function and restore partial blood flow when someone is in cardiac arrest. It involves opening the airway, giving rescue breaths, and performing chest compressions to pump the heart and circulate blood. The history of CPR began in the 19th century with pioneers discovering methods of external chest compression and effective artificial respiration. The 2010 AHA guidelines updated CPR procedures, recommending a "C-A-B" sequence without pulse checks and use of AEDs for children over 1 year old. Bradycardias and tachycardias are treated differently based on rhythm and regularity.
This document provides information on basic life support (BLS). It begins by defining cardiac arrest as the cessation of normal blood circulation due to heart failure. It describes reversible causes of cardiac arrest including pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, and various toxins or electrolyte imbalances. The basics of BLS are then outlined, including chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and defibrillation. Steps of BLS like assessing the scene, checking for breathing and pulse are explained. Chest compression techniques, rescue breathing methods like mouth-to-mouth and bag valve mask, and use of an automated external defibrillator are described. Finally, drugs commonly used in cardiac arrest like epinephrine
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT- BLS (CPR) -American Heart AssociationTheRoyAshish
This document provides information on basic life support from the American Heart Association. It discusses the chain of survival, recognition of cardiac arrest, stroke and foreign body airway obstruction. It then details procedures for adult and pediatric CPR, including airway management, rescue breathing, chest compressions and use of an AED. Key steps are outlined for assessing responsiveness, providing breaths, checking pulse and administering chest compressions and rescue breaths in a cyclic fashion for adults and children.
This document outlines the care of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). It discusses the levels of care in the ICU from general ward care to intensive care. It describes the comprehensive management of critically ill patients which includes monitoring, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nutritional, infection control and psychological support. Key aspects of care include pain management, reducing anxiety, preventing complications like delirium, sleep disturbances, and meeting the needs of family members of critically ill patients. The overall aim is to provide optimal care, support rehabilitation and improve the patient and family experience in the ICU.
Compression only life support (cols) by tushar chokshidr tushar chokshi
1) The document provides guidelines for compression-only life support (COLS) to be performed by untrained laypersons on victims experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest outside of a hospital setting.
2) COLS involves early recognition of medical emergency, beginning chest compressions immediately, and early transfer to emergency medical services.
3) The guidelines aim to provide a simple, uniform resuscitation process across India that can be performed by anyone, as doctors and paramedics are not always immediately available.
This document provides information and guidelines regarding code blue protocols at King Khalid Hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of the code blue team members, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists and others. It describes how a code blue is initiated when cardiac arrest occurs, including notifying the switchboard to announce the code over the PA system. It provides guidance on termination of resuscitation efforts and responsibilities after the code. Key points covered include adopting standards from the Saudi Heart Association for BCLS and ACLS, requirements for certification in life support protocols, and ensuring the code blue team and crash cart are available 24/7.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) algorithms and interventions for cardiac arrest. The seminar will cover rhythms that can cause cardiac arrest, monitoring during CPR, establishing vascular access, advanced airways, medications for arrest rhythms, and interventions not recommended for routine use. Key points include: the importance of high-quality CPR and timely defibrillation to increase return of spontaneous circulation and survival; using vasopressors, amiodarone, or lidocaine for refractory rhythms; monitoring end-tidal CO2, coronary perfusion pressure, and central venous oxygen saturation to guide CPR quality; and avoiding routines use of atropine, calcium,
This document summarizes guidelines for emergency medicine training in resuscitation. It discusses adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including a focus on high-quality chest compressions. It also reviews the treatment of cardiac arrest, including defibrillation and drug therapy. Additional sections cover bradycardia, tachycardia, cardiac rhythms like atrial fibrillation and flutter, and management approaches.
Suctioning is a procedure used to clear secretions from the trachea of patients with artificial airways who cannot cough effectively. It involves inserting a suction catheter into the airway and applying negative pressure to remove secretions. There are therapeutic indications like coarse breath sounds or visible secretions, and diagnostic indications to obtain sputum samples. The procedure must be done carefully to avoid hazards like hypoxia, trauma, or arrhythmias. Both open and closed suction systems are used depending on the patient's ventilation needs. Monitoring, preparation with oxygen, and assessment of outcomes are important parts of the procedure.
This document discusses oropharyngeal airways, which are curved plastic devices inserted into the mouth to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway. They are indicated for unconscious patients without a gag reflex. The proper size is selected by measuring from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw. The airway should be inserted upside down and rotated sideways as it passes the tongue, then positioned with the flange at the teeth to maintain the airway. Failure to manage the airway properly can lead to preventable death, so early detection, rapid intervention and continual reassessment of the airway are important.
This document provides information and guidelines for managing a Code Blue situation. It defines a Code Blue as indicating a patient requiring resuscitation or immediate medical attention due to respiratory or cardiac arrest. The Code Blue team is described, including roles of nurses, doctors, and other staff. Steps for responding to a Code Blue are outlined, including activating the code, performing CPR, using the crash cart, and giving resuscitation drugs like epinephrine. Responsibilities of nurses during the code are defined. The document provides treatment guidelines for cardiac arrhythmias and discusses resuscitation activities and documentation.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a basic life support technique used to manually maintain brain and heart function until further medical help arrives. It involves chest compressions to pump the heart and artificial ventilation to oxygenate the lungs. The steps of CPR include assessing for unresponsiveness, checking for breathing and pulse, calling for help, performing chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute, and giving rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio. Advanced life support may involve use of an automated external defibrillator, endotracheal intubation, intravenous drugs and fluids, and other emergency medical interventions to restore normal heart rhythm and breathing. Proper and timely CPR can
GEMC- Advanced Cardiac Life Support- for ResidentsOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Rockefeller Oteng from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
The document summarizes key changes in the 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. It thanks contributors and provides an introduction. Major changes included in the adult basic and advanced life support section are emphasized, such as enhanced algorithms, early CPR and epinephrine administration, monitoring CPR quality, and improved post-cardiac arrest care. New recommendations are highlighted regarding various resuscitation practices.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) involves three key steps:
1) Assessment of the collapsed victim to determine unresponsiveness and activate emergency services.
2) Performance of chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute and depth of 5-6 cm, allowing full chest recoil between compressions.
3) Use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) as soon as it is available to analyze the heart rhythm and deliver a shock if needed.
The document outlines the basics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and managing foreign body airway obstructions (FBAO), including the importance of early CPR in the chain of survival. It provides guidance on performing chest compressions and rescue breathing for adults, children, and infants, including correct hand positioning, compression rates and depths. The document also describes signs of effective CPR and complications to avoid when performing resuscitations.
This document provides an overview of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and discusses key topics including:
1. Definitions of CPR, clinical death, and biologic death and the goals of resuscitation.
2. The history and development of CPR techniques.
3. Steps of basic life support (BLS) including airway control, rescue breathing, and chest compressions at a rate of 100 per minute with a depth of 1.5-2 inches.
4. Complications that can occur with CPR and factors that impact survival rates.
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
The document outlines an educational program on cardiac arrest for 4th year nursing students. The objectives are to review cardiac arrest, basic life support, advanced life support, and demonstrate skills like basic life support, airway insertion, and defibrillation. The program agenda includes topics on cardiac arrest, basic and advanced life support, defibrillation, drugs used in advanced life support, and demonstrations of skills. It provides details on cardiac arrest, basic life support procedures like chest compressions and rescue breathing, and advanced life support including defibrillation and drugs.
This document provides information on basic life support (BLS) procedures for adults. It discusses that cardiac arrests are a major health issue, but that bystander CPR and early defibrillation can significantly increase survival rates. The key steps of BLS are described as CAB: assessing the airway, checking breathing, and performing chest compressions. 30 chest compressions should be provided initially before giving 2 rescue breaths. Foreign body airway obstruction is also addressed, with descriptions of back blows and abdominal thrusts to relieve mild to severe obstructions. Defibrillation is the final link in the chain of survival.
CPR is an emergency procedure performed to manually preserve brain function and restore partial blood flow when someone is in cardiac arrest. It involves opening the airway, giving rescue breaths, and performing chest compressions to pump the heart and circulate blood. The history of CPR began in the 19th century with pioneers discovering methods of external chest compression and effective artificial respiration. The 2010 AHA guidelines updated CPR procedures, recommending a "C-A-B" sequence without pulse checks and use of AEDs for children over 1 year old. Bradycardias and tachycardias are treated differently based on rhythm and regularity.
This document provides information on basic life support (BLS). It begins by defining cardiac arrest as the cessation of normal blood circulation due to heart failure. It describes reversible causes of cardiac arrest including pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, and various toxins or electrolyte imbalances. The basics of BLS are then outlined, including chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and defibrillation. Steps of BLS like assessing the scene, checking for breathing and pulse are explained. Chest compression techniques, rescue breathing methods like mouth-to-mouth and bag valve mask, and use of an automated external defibrillator are described. Finally, drugs commonly used in cardiac arrest like epinephrine
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT- BLS (CPR) -American Heart AssociationTheRoyAshish
This document provides information on basic life support from the American Heart Association. It discusses the chain of survival, recognition of cardiac arrest, stroke and foreign body airway obstruction. It then details procedures for adult and pediatric CPR, including airway management, rescue breathing, chest compressions and use of an AED. Key steps are outlined for assessing responsiveness, providing breaths, checking pulse and administering chest compressions and rescue breaths in a cyclic fashion for adults and children.
This document outlines the care of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). It discusses the levels of care in the ICU from general ward care to intensive care. It describes the comprehensive management of critically ill patients which includes monitoring, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nutritional, infection control and psychological support. Key aspects of care include pain management, reducing anxiety, preventing complications like delirium, sleep disturbances, and meeting the needs of family members of critically ill patients. The overall aim is to provide optimal care, support rehabilitation and improve the patient and family experience in the ICU.
Compression only life support (cols) by tushar chokshidr tushar chokshi
1) The document provides guidelines for compression-only life support (COLS) to be performed by untrained laypersons on victims experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest outside of a hospital setting.
2) COLS involves early recognition of medical emergency, beginning chest compressions immediately, and early transfer to emergency medical services.
3) The guidelines aim to provide a simple, uniform resuscitation process across India that can be performed by anyone, as doctors and paramedics are not always immediately available.
This document provides information and guidelines regarding code blue protocols at King Khalid Hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of the code blue team members, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists and others. It describes how a code blue is initiated when cardiac arrest occurs, including notifying the switchboard to announce the code over the PA system. It provides guidance on termination of resuscitation efforts and responsibilities after the code. Key points covered include adopting standards from the Saudi Heart Association for BCLS and ACLS, requirements for certification in life support protocols, and ensuring the code blue team and crash cart are available 24/7.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) algorithms and interventions for cardiac arrest. The seminar will cover rhythms that can cause cardiac arrest, monitoring during CPR, establishing vascular access, advanced airways, medications for arrest rhythms, and interventions not recommended for routine use. Key points include: the importance of high-quality CPR and timely defibrillation to increase return of spontaneous circulation and survival; using vasopressors, amiodarone, or lidocaine for refractory rhythms; monitoring end-tidal CO2, coronary perfusion pressure, and central venous oxygen saturation to guide CPR quality; and avoiding routines use of atropine, calcium,
This document summarizes guidelines for emergency medicine training in resuscitation. It discusses adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including a focus on high-quality chest compressions. It also reviews the treatment of cardiac arrest, including defibrillation and drug therapy. Additional sections cover bradycardia, tachycardia, cardiac rhythms like atrial fibrillation and flutter, and management approaches.
Suctioning is a procedure used to clear secretions from the trachea of patients with artificial airways who cannot cough effectively. It involves inserting a suction catheter into the airway and applying negative pressure to remove secretions. There are therapeutic indications like coarse breath sounds or visible secretions, and diagnostic indications to obtain sputum samples. The procedure must be done carefully to avoid hazards like hypoxia, trauma, or arrhythmias. Both open and closed suction systems are used depending on the patient's ventilation needs. Monitoring, preparation with oxygen, and assessment of outcomes are important parts of the procedure.
This document discusses oropharyngeal airways, which are curved plastic devices inserted into the mouth to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway. They are indicated for unconscious patients without a gag reflex. The proper size is selected by measuring from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw. The airway should be inserted upside down and rotated sideways as it passes the tongue, then positioned with the flange at the teeth to maintain the airway. Failure to manage the airway properly can lead to preventable death, so early detection, rapid intervention and continual reassessment of the airway are important.
This document provides information and guidelines for managing a Code Blue situation. It defines a Code Blue as indicating a patient requiring resuscitation or immediate medical attention due to respiratory or cardiac arrest. The Code Blue team is described, including roles of nurses, doctors, and other staff. Steps for responding to a Code Blue are outlined, including activating the code, performing CPR, using the crash cart, and giving resuscitation drugs like epinephrine. Responsibilities of nurses during the code are defined. The document provides treatment guidelines for cardiac arrhythmias and discusses resuscitation activities and documentation.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a basic life support technique used to manually maintain brain and heart function until further medical help arrives. It involves chest compressions to pump the heart and artificial ventilation to oxygenate the lungs. The steps of CPR include assessing for unresponsiveness, checking for breathing and pulse, calling for help, performing chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute, and giving rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio. Advanced life support may involve use of an automated external defibrillator, endotracheal intubation, intravenous drugs and fluids, and other emergency medical interventions to restore normal heart rhythm and breathing. Proper and timely CPR can
GEMC- Advanced Cardiac Life Support- for ResidentsOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Rockefeller Oteng from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Bantuan hidup dasar (Basic Life Support/BLS) adalah pertolongan pertama untuk memulihkan pasien yang mengalami henti napas dan jantung dengan melakukan tahapan ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) seperti membebaskan saluran napas, memberikan bantuan pernapasan, dan memijat jantung. Langkah-langkah lanjut seperti pemberian obat, pemantauan EKG, dan penanganan fibrilasi ventrikel biasanya dilakukan di rumah sakit d
Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating effectively due to failure of electrical signaling or pumping function, preventing blood from circulating to vital organs, and CPR involves chest compressions and rescue breaths to manually circulate blood to the brain and heart until spontaneous circulation can be restored through defibrillation or other medical treatment. The document provides details on causes, diagnosis, treatment including the steps of CPR, and outcomes of cardiac arrest.
1. The document discusses advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) guidelines for treating cardiac arrest. It outlines the chain of survival and emphasizes high-quality CPR, defibrillation, airway management, monitoring during CPR, and drug therapy.
2. Key ACLS interventions include chest compressions, rescue breathing, defibrillation, and vasopressor administration to treat cardiac rhythms like ventricular fibrillation.
3. The document also reviews special considerations for cardiac arrest associated with pregnancy and post-cardiac arrest care.
Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) involves artificial ventilation and external chest compressions to establish blood circulation to vital organs after cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. It is indicated for cardiac, pulmonary or respiratory causes of arrest. The key steps of CPR are maintaining airway, providing rescue breathing, and performing external chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute. Signs of successful resuscitation include return of pulse, breathing and consciousness. Ongoing nursing care and monitoring is critical for survival in the hours after resuscitation.
This document provides information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and protocols for basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). It outlines the steps for BLS, including chest compressions, airway management, rescue breathing, and use of an automated external defibrillator. It then describes ACLS, which aims to diagnose the cause of cardiac arrest and provide cause-specific treatment while continuing BLS efforts. Key drugs and procedures covered in ACLS are also summarized, such as defibrillation, intubation, vasopressors like epinephrine, and antiarrhythmics like amiodarone and lidocaine. The document emphasizes the importance of high-quality C
Advanced Cardiac Life support ppt2021.pptxMelakuSintayhu
This document provides an overview of advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). It defines ACLS and describes the chain of survival and cardiac arrest algorithms. It explains how to manage cardiac arrest, including defibrillation, cardiac rhythms, and post-cardiac arrest care. The document outlines the ACLS approach, which continues basic life support efforts to restore spontaneous circulation and neurologic function through interventions like CPR, defibrillation, and advanced medical treatment.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS).pptxRebilHeiru2
discusses the basic and Advanced Life support according to the AHA guidelines.
ACLS, BLS, defibrillation and Advanced medications at Adama Hospital medical college ICU
Advanced cardiac life support, or advanced cardiovascular life support, often referred to by its acronym, "ACLS", refers to a set of clinical algorithms for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke, myocardial infarction (also known as a heart attack), and other life-threatening cardiovascular emergencies.
This document provides information about Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). It begins by defining ACLS as a set of clinical interventions for urgently treating cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to perform those interventions. The document then discusses the American Heart Association protocols that are considered the gold standard for ACLS and how ACLS builds upon the foundation of basic life support. It also reviews the adult and pediatric chains of survival and components of high-quality CPR in BLS before providing details on ACLS interventions like defibrillation, airway management, ventilation, pharmacotherapy, synchronized cardioversion, and post-cardiac arrest care.
The document discusses the change from traditional CPR to Cardiocerebral Resuscitation (CCR). CCR emphasizes continuous chest compressions without interruptions and deemphasizes ventilation. Studies have found CCR increases survival rates compared to CPR by up to 3 times by minimizing interruptions in blood flow through continuous, high-quality chest compressions without stopping for ventilation. CCR focuses on circulating oxygenated blood to the heart and brain as the priority for cardiac arrest patients rather than additional oxygenation through ventilation.
The document provides guidance on performing basic life support for adults, outlining the steps to assess an unconscious victim, perform chest compressions and rescue breathing, use an AED, and place a breathing victim in the recovery position to provide essential circulation and ventilation until emergency assistance arrives. Key aspects covered include assessing responsiveness, calling for help, opening the airway, giving rescue breaths, performing chest compressions in a cycle with breaths, and using an automated external defibrillator to attempt to reverse ventricular fibrillation.
This document provides information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It discusses the chain of survival, including early recognition of cardiac arrest, early activation of emergency services, early chest compressions, early defibrillation, and early advanced care. It reviews international CPR guidelines from 2005 and 2010. It also describes the techniques for performing CPR, including chest compressions, ventilations, use of an automated external defibrillator (AED), securing an airway, confirming device placement, identifying cardiac rhythms, defibrillation, pacing, establishing intravenous access, and administering rhythm-appropriate medications such as epinephrine, vasopressin, atropine, and amiodarone.
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) refers to interventions for urgent treatment of cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions. ACLS protocols from the American Heart Association are considered the gold standard and get reviewed every 5 years. BLS with high-quality CPR forms the critical foundation for ACLS. For shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation, the ACLS treatment involves defibrillation, CPR, and administration of drugs like epinephrine and amiodarone. For non-shockable rhythms like asystole, ACLS focuses on identifying and treating reversible causes through CPR and medications while preparing for transport to a hospital.
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) refers to interventions for urgent treatment of cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions. ACLS protocols from the American Heart Association are considered the gold standard and get reviewed every 5 years. BLS with high-quality CPR forms the critical foundation for ACLS. For shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation, the ACLS treatment involves defibrillation, CPR, and administration of drugs like epinephrine and amiodarone. For non-shockable rhythms like asystole, ACLS focuses on identifying and treating reversible causes through CPR and medications while providing post-cardiac arrest care.
This document provides a summary of basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) protocols for treating cardiac arrest. It outlines the key steps in BLS including checking for response, activating emergency services, providing rescue breathing and chest compressions. It emphasizes the importance of high-quality chest compressions during CPR. The document also summarizes ACLS protocols for defibrillation, cardioversion, management of various cardiac rhythms like ventricular fibrillation and asystole, and administering appropriate drug therapies.
This document provides information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and cardiac arrest. It discusses the cardiac arrest rhythms of asystole, pulseless electrical activity, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. It outlines the international guidelines for CPR, including recommendations to improve survival from sudden cardiac arrest. The four links in the chain of survival for cardiac arrest are early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced care, and early access to emergency medical services. Basic life support procedures like checking responsiveness, calling for help, opening the airway, providing rescue breaths, and chest compressions are described. Advanced life support builds upon these with securing the airway, confirming device
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) refers to emergency treatment protocols for cardiac arrest and other life-threatening medical issues. The current ACLS guidelines include algorithms, or flowcharts, to standardize treatment for conditions like ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, and respiratory or opioid emergencies. Key interventions discussed include defibrillation, synchronized cardioversion, and use of medications like epinephrine, amiodarone, atropine, and dopamine for various cardiac dysrhythmias and arrest rhythms. High-quality CPR is emphasized as crucial to ACLS.
Cardiac arrest is a medical emergency where the heart fails to pump blood effectively. It can be caused by cardiac or non-cardiac issues and requires immediate treatment to potentially reverse it, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation. CPR involves chest compressions and rescue breathing to manually circulate blood and oxygen through the body until spontaneous circulation is restored. The appropriate treatment depends on the underlying heart rhythm, with shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation treated with defibrillation.
Similar to cardiopulmonary resuscitation for students (20)
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2. “The most common reason many
people die is because no one near by
knew CPR, or if they did know it, they
did not actually do it .”
-Michael Sayre
3. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
• 1960 CPR program was started by
American Heart Association (AHA)
• 1966, the first CPR guidelines were
developed by AHA.
4. Current Statistics
• 383,000 cardiac arrest in USA/year
• Major cause is Sudden Cardiac Arrest
(SCA)
VF/Pulseless VT most common initial
rhythms in SCA
Other causes are asphyxia, as in
drowning, choking or drug overdose
5. 1. Immediate recognition & activation
2. Early CPR
3. Rapid defibrillation
4. Effective advanced life support
5. Integrated post cardiac arrest care
BLS ACLS
Chain of Survival - Adults
8. Adult BLS sequence
• BLS algorithm is series of sequential
assessments & actions.
• Before approaching the victim, the
rescuer must ensure that the
scene is safe.
9. TAP ON THE SHOULDER & SHOUT “are you all right”
Assessing responsiveness
10. Unresponsive adult
If a lone rescuer finds an unresponsive adult
activate the EMS system, get an AED
return to the victim to provide CPR &
defibrillation
If 2 or more rescuers are present:
one rescuer should begin the steps of CPR
2nd rescuer activates the EMS system & gets
AED.
11. Unresponsive adult
If a lone healthcare provider sees an
adult suddenlycollapsing(Witness arrest)
should phone, get an AED, & start CPR
(Phone First)
Aids a drowning victim or victim of likely
asphyxial (primary respiratory arrest)give
5 cycles (about 2 mins) of CPR before leaving
the victim to activate the EMS system.
(Phone Fast)
12. Activate EMS
• Call EMS/ERS
• Centralised Accident & Trauma Services (CATS)
New Delhi 1099
• Medical Helpline, State (Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Goa, Tamil Nadu,
Rajasthan, Karnataka, Assam, Meghalaya,
Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh )108
• Give the following information:
– Location of the emergency
– What happened
– Victims’ specification &Aid being given
13. C - Circulation
• Pulse Check
–Health Care Providers:
•check for carotids for 10 sec
•no definite pulse, begin
compressions
14. CHECKING FOR CAROTID PULSE
Gutter between
trachea and
sternocleidoma
stoid muscles
15. Chest Compression/Technique
• To maximize the
effectiveness of
compressions:
–Victim should lie supine on a
hard surface
–Rescuer kneeling beside the
victim’s thorax.
–Rescuer should compress
lower half of the sternum in
the center of the chest,
between Nipples
17. CORRECT POSITION FOR COMPRESSIONS:
ELBOWS STRAIGHT, SHOULDERS ABOVE THE VICTIM’S
CHEST
18. Chest Compression
–“Effective” chest compressions
essential for providing blood flow
during CPR
–“push hard and fast.” Compress @
about 100/min, with a
compression depth of 2 inches (5 cm)
–Allow complete chest recoil after each
compression
– Minimize interruptions in chest
compressions.
19. A - Airway
Tongue is the most common cause of
airway obstruction in unresponsive
patient
Victim should be lying flat (supine)
HEAD TILT - CHIN LIFT maneuver lifts the
tongue and relieves obstruction
JAW THRUST maneuver in cases of
suspected neck injuries
Quickly remove food particles, or loose
21. HEAD TILT - CHIN LIFT lifts the tongue & relieves obstruction
22. B - Breathing
• Provide 2 rescue breaths
• Each over 1 second
• Small TV, sufficient for a visible chest
rise
• Compression ventilation ratio of 30:2
• Prevents stomach distension
25. D - Defibrillation [BLS]
• In VF, early defibrillation is Class-1
intervention..
• Use of low energy biphasic current for
defibrillation improves outcome.
• 90% patients with primary VF revert to
normal rhythm with defibrillation, if done
within 1 minute.
• New Recommendation: D is now BLS.
26. Why early defibrillation is critical?
Survival rates after VF arrest decrease approx.
7% to 10% with every minute that defibrillation
is delayed
29. Automated External Defibrillator
1. Ease of use by untrained
rescuers
2. Automated detection of
defibrillatable rhythms
3. Advises shock & delivers
it
4. Portable
30. Automated External Defibrillator
AED ELECTRODE PLACEMENT
• Anterolateral
• Anteroposterior
• Antero left infrascapular
• Antero right infrascapular
SIZE: 8-12cm
TRANSTHORACIC IMPEDENCE
• 70-80 Ω.
• use conductive material like gel pads or
electrode paste or self adhesive pads
31. Steps of AED
1) Power on the AED
2) Attach Electrode Pads to pt’s bare
chest
3) Analyze rhythm (ALL CLEAR)
4) Deliver Shock if advisable
32. Resume CPR
• After shock is delivered,
resume CPR
• Start chest compression
• Give cycle of 30:2
• Do not perform pulse or rhythm check
• After 2 min of CPR, AED will prompt you
to repeat steps 3 and 4
33. AED in Special Situation
Hairy Chest
• If pad stick to the hair, press down
firmly on each pad
• Quickly pull of the pads
• If too much hair remains then shave
the area with razor
• Put on a new set of pads
34. AED in Special Situation
Implanted Pacemaker
• Hard lump beneath the skin of the
upper chest or abdomen with visible scar
mark.
• Place the AED electrode pads to either side
and not directly on top of the device.
• If implanted D. is delivering shock, wait for
30-60 sec before giving shock with AED
35. AED in Special Situation
Water
• Do not use AED in water (conduct)
• The patient chest is covered with water-
Wipe the chest quickly before attaching
the electrodes
• The patient is lying on snow or ice: you
can use AED
36. AED in Special Situation
Trans-dermal medical patch
• Do not place AED electrode pad directly on top
of trans-dermal patch( nitroglycerine, nicotine,
analgesic, hormone, anti HTN)
• Block energy transfer and cause skin burns
• Remove the patch and wipe the area clean
37. Unresponsive
No breathing or no normal breathing (gasping)
Get defibrillatorActivate emergency
response
Start CPR
Push hard
Push fast
Check rhythm/ shock if indicated
Repeat every 2 min
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
38. ACLS CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM
Adult Cardiac
Arrest
VF/ VT Asystole / PEA
Rhythm shockable
Start CPR
• give O2
• monitor/
defibrillator
Call for help / EMS
noyes
40. Pulseless VT represents organized electric
activity of the ventricular myocardium.
Neither of these rhythms generates significant forward
blood flow
41. PEA absence of mechanical ventricular activity or
mechanical ventricular activity that is insufficient to
generate a clinically detectable pulse.
42. Asystole represents absence of detectable
ventricular electric activity with or without
atrial electric activity
Asystole
Flat line protocol
• Check lead attachment.
• Check lead selection
• Check the gain
• Check power on/off
43. VF/ VT
SHOCK
CPR x 2 min
• IV / IO access
Rhythm shockable ?
CPR x 2 min & epinephrine every 3 – 5 min
Consider advanced airway, capnography
yes
SHOCK
Rhythm shockable ?
yes
SHOCK
CPR x 2 min & amiodarone
treat reversible causes
no
no
• go to Asyst / PEA algorithm
• ROSC +, go to post-cardiac
arrest care
44. Asystole / PEA
CPR x 2 min
• IV / IO access
• epinephrine every 3 – 5 min
• Consider advanced airway, capnography
yes
no
Rhythm shockable ?
CPR x 2 min
• treat reversible causes
Rhythm shockable ?
yes
• go to VF / VT algorithm
• ROSC +, go to post-cardiac
arrest care
no
46. Drugs used in resuscitation
NAME DOSE MECH OF ACTION INDICATION
Adrenaline 1 mg IV/ IO
every 3-5 min
α adr receptor
stimulation
Confirmed adult
cardiac arrest
Vasopressin 40 units IV/ IO Non adrenergic
peripheral
vasoconstrictor
May replace 1st
or 2nd
dose of
adrenaline
Amiodarone Initial 300 mg
IV/ IO f/b 1 dose
of 150 mg IV /
IO
Affects Na, K & Ca
channels and has α &
β adrenergic blocking
properties
VF or pulseless
VT
unresponsive to
shock, CPR or
vasopressor
47. Drugs used in resuscitation
NAME DOSE MECH OF ACTION INDICATION
Lidocaine 1 to 1.5
mg/kg IV IO
every 3-5
min
Na channel blocker If amiodarone
is not available
Magnesium
Sulphate
1-2 gm
diluted in 10
ml 5 %
dextrose IV/
IO
Termination of torsades de pointes
(irregular/polymorphic VT associated
with prolonged QT interval)
49. New Recommendation:
Early institution of EtCO2 monitoring. It correlates well
with CO. EtCo2 > 20 mmHg indicates adequate CO & a
good outcome. Rise of EtCo2 > 40 mmHg is the earliest
sign of ROSC.
New Recommendation:
TV has been reduced to just that which causes the chest
to rise & fall (8-10 ml/kg, O2 – 6-7 ml/kg)
Initial Rescue breaths – 2 over 1 sec each.
Ratio of Compression: Ventilation be 30:2 in adults.
When the airway has been secured, compression rate is
kept 100/min independent of 8-10 ventilation
50. Reversible causes
H s T s
Hypoxia Toxins/tablets
Hypovolemia Tamponade (cardiac)
Hydrogen ion (acidosis) Tension pneumothorax
Hypo/ hyperkalemia Thrombosis,
pulmonary/coronary
Hypothermia/Hypoglycemia Trauma
54. LifeBand / Autopulse
• Conforming, load-distributing band
• Fully releases during relaxation
– Maximizes time for diastolic blood flow
– Allows visual confirmation of inhalation via chest
rise
• Single-use disposable
– Infection control
– Minimal clean-up between patients
55. Patient Specifications
• Chest circumference: 29.9 in / 80.0 cm to
51.2 in / 130.0 cm
• Chest width: 9.8 in / 24.9 cm to 15 in / 38 cm
• Maximum patient weight: 300 lbs / 136 kg
AHA gives LDB-CPR Class II b recommendation.
(Acceptable .Good evidence provides support)
56. • PocketCPR is placed on the chest and chest
compressions are started. The device notifies the
rescuer to “push harder” if the compressions are
less than 1.5 inches. If good compressions are
delivered, PocketCPR will respond “good
compressions”. Four LED lights on the device flash
for a good compression and one LED flashes if the
compression is less than 1.5 inches.
57. Extra-Corporeal Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (ECPR)
• Stage 1:
Placement of femoral artery and vein catheters
• Stage 2: Placement of ECLS Cannulas
• Stage 3: Going on Pump
The ECPR algorithm typically involves 2 physicians.
With the first physician supervising ACLS ( the “code
doc”), the second doctor is responsible for
percutaneous femoral venous and arterial access
( the “line doc”). On average, it takes 20 to 30
minutes to complete all 3 stages
58.
59. • ECMO in the Cardiac Arrest setting2011
• Guidelines for ECPR:ELSO ECPR Supplement to the
2013
• CHEER Trial 2014
60.
61.
62.
63. When to STOP CPR
• Spontaneous return of circulation/Scene
unsafe
• Turn to properly trained personnel(ACLS)
• Operator is exhausted
• Patient has signs of irreversile death
AHA is a non government ,non profitable organisation that fosters ppropriate cardiac care to reduce disability n death caused by cardiovascular ds n stroke.with its head quarters in dallas,texas.
Early recognition: of emergency --activation of emergency response system (ERS/EMS)
Early bystander CPR: can double or triple victim’s chance of survival from VF SCA
.
Early delivery of a shock with defibrillator: within 3 to 5 min - produce survival rates as high as 49% - 75%.
Early advanced life support
Post-resuscitation care delivered by healthcare providers.
Bystanders can perform 3 of the 5 links in the Chain
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Ventilation- 3 means mouth to mouth
Mouth to mask and bag mask