The stealth planes.

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2. STEALTH
FIGHTERS
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3. INTRODUCTION
• Stealth technology referred as “VLO” ie “VERY LOW
OBSERVABLE TECHNOLOGY”
•Fighter planes are made so they are harder to be detected
by the radar and other devices
•The first combat use of stealth aircraft was in December
1989 during Operation Just Cause in Panama
•Well known examples include the United States' F-117
Nighthawk (1980s-2008), the B-2 Spirit "Stealth Bomber,"
and the F-22 Raptor
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4. HOW IT WORKS ?
The airplane can be covered in materials that absorb radar
signals
The airplane can be shaped so that any radar signals it
reflects are reflected away from the radar equipment.
Noise cosiderations. 06/29/15 4

5. SHAPE OF AIRCRAFT
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coventional aircraft stealth fighter

6. SHAPING OF STEALTH
•The shape should be flat or rectilinear and at the same
time oblique to the incoming waves
•Another method bounce back on a very limited
number of directions, maybe only one or two
•a compact, smoothly blended external geometry to
achieve a continuously varying curvature
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8. LIMITATION WITH SHAPE
 In addition, surfaces on a stealth aircraft can
be treated so they absorb radar energy as
well. The overall result is that a stealth
aircraft like an F-117A can have the radar
signature of a small bird rather than an
airplane. The only exception is when the
plane banks -- there will often be a moment
when one of the panels of the plane will
perfectly reflect a burst of radar energy back
to the antenna.
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9. HISTORY
 During the First World War, an attempt to reduce
the visibility of military aircraft through the
experimental use of "Cellon" plastic transparent
covering material resulted in single examples of the
Fokker E. I Eindecker fighter monoplane, the
Albatros C.I two-seat observation biplane, and one
German heavy bomber design, the Linke-Hofmann
R.I all being covered with the "Cellon" material; the
latter two aircraft had all-wooden structures
covered with the "Cellon" material, which degraded
rapidly in direct sunlight and were not proceeded
with any further.
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10. HISTORY
•Nearly three decades later, a
more serious attempt at
"invisibility" was tried with the
Horten Ho 229 In addition to the
aircraft's shape, which may not
have been a deliberate attempt
to affect radar deflection, the
majority of the Ho 229's wooden
skin was bonded together using
carbon-impregnated plywood
resins designed with the
purported intention of absorbing
radar waves.
•SR 71 the first Stealth airplane
launched. It is well known as
'black bird'.
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12. MODERN AIRCRAFT
 Modern stealth aircraft first became possible
when Denys Overholser, a mathematician
working for Lockheed Aircraft during the 1970s,
adopted a mathematical model developed by
Peter Ufimtsev, a Russian scientist, to develop a
computer program called Echo 1. Echo made it
possible to predict the radar signature an aircraft
made with flat panels, called facets. In 1975,
engineers at Lockheed Skunk Works found that
an aircraft made with faceted surfaces could
have a very low radar signature because the
surfaces would radiate almost all of the radar
energy away from the receiver
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13. DEVELOPMENT
 The first combat use of purpose-designed stealth
aircraft was in December 1989 during
Operation Just Cause in Panama. On 20
December 1989, two USAF F-117s bombed a
Panamanian Defense Force barracks in Rio Hato,
Panama. In 1991, F-117s were tasked with
attacking the most heavily fortified targets in
Iraq in the opening phase of
Operation Desert Storm and were the only jets
allowed to operate inside Baghdad's city limits.

14. 5 CONSIDERATIONS
 RAM
 RAS
 IR stealth
 Plasma stealth
 OTH
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15. RAS (RADAR ABSORBENT STRUCTURE”)
RAS or Radar absorbent surfaces are
the surfaces on the aircraft, which can
deflect the incoming radar waves and
reduce the detection range. RAS
works due to the angles at which the
structures on the aircraft's fuselage or
the fuselage itself are placed. These
structures can be anything from wings
to a refueling boom on the aircraft.
The extensive use of RAS is clearly
visible in the F-117 "Night Hawk". Due
to the facets (as they are called) on the
fuselage, most of the incoming radar
waves are reflected to another
direction. Due to these facets on the
fuselage, the F-117 is a very unstable
aircraft. 06/29/15 15

16. RAM (RADAR ABSORBING
MATERIAL)
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 RAS totally depends on the material
with which the surface of the aircraft is
made. Though the composition of this
material is a top secret. The F-117
extensively uses RAM to reduce its radar
signature or its radar cross section.
The RAS is believed to be silicon based
inorganic compoundRAM coating over
the B-2 is placed like wrapping a cloth
over the plane. When radar sends a
beam in the direction of the B-2, the
radar waves are absorbed by the plane's
surface and is redirected to another
direction after it is absorbed. This
reduces the radar signature of the
aircraft

17. PLASMA STEALTH
•Plasma stealth is a proposed process that uses ionized gas (
plasma) to reduce the radar cross section (RCS) of an aircraft.
Plasma stealth technology is what can be called as "Active stealth
technology" in scientific terms. This technology was first developed
by the Russians
In plasma stealth, the aircraft injects a stream of plasma in front of
the aircraft. The plasma will cover the entire body of the fighter and
will absorb most of the electromagnetic energy of the radar waves,
thus making the aircraft difficult to detect.
Plasma stealth will be incorporated in the MiG-35 "Super Fulcrum /
Raptor Killer".
•the wave can be absorbed and converted into thermal energy
rather than reflected.
•plasma might also be used to modify the reflected waves to
confuse the opponent's radar system 17

18. DETECTION BY INFRARED
RADIATION
•Passive IR detection devices rely on the fact that every atom of
matter, including clouds and rain, continuously sends out
electromagnetic radiation at an IR wavelength which
corresponds to its temperature.
•For aircraft detection, IR seekers look for contrasts between hot
parts on the airframe
•
•In engine exhausts, carbon dioxide produces most of the IR
signature at 4.2 microns
•IR sensors can 'see' at two different wavelengths, (medium: 3-5
microns and long:8-14 microns) to provide good target
discrimination. 18

19. Another main aspect that
reduces the IR signature of a
stealth aircraft is to place the
engines deep into the fuselage.
This is done in stealth aircraft like
the B-2, F-22 and the JSF.The IR
reduction scheme used in F-117 is
very much different from the
others.The engines are placed
deep within the aircraft like any
stealth aircraft and at the outlet,
a section of the fuselage deflects
the exhaust to another direction.
This is useful for deflecting the
hot exhaust gases in another
direction.
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REDUCING IR
EMISSION

20. OTHER METHODS
•to degrading the performance of IRST systems is to ensure that
the exhaust dissipates as quickly as possible after leaving the
aircraft.
•Some of the techniques are follows
1.engines can be fitted with flow mixers to blend the cold
bypass air with the hot air that passes through the combustor
and the turbine
2.The exhausts geometry can be adapted to a wide and flat
shape
3.Interaction between the exhaust stream and the airflow over
the aircraft can be engineered to create an additional vortex
which further promotes mixing 20

21. OTH Radar (Over the Horizon Radar)
•Over-the-horizon radar is a design
concept that increases radar's
effective range over conventional
radar
•It is claimed that the Australian
JORN
Jindalee Operational Radar Network
can overcome certain stealth
characteristics.
•It is claimed that the HF frequency
used and the method of bouncing
radar from ionosphere overcomes
the stealth characteristics of the F- 21

22. ACTIVE CANCELLATION
•Active cancellation is
a theoretical military
jamming system that
involves the sampling
of an incoming radar
signal, analyzing it,
then returning ths
signal slightly out of
phase, thus
"cancelling" it out. 22

23. LATEST COATING
MATERIAL
Previously CELLON ,CARBON
TITANIUM OXIDE,CARBON
BLACK,TINY IRON SPHERES
were used as coating materials
but latest discovery is NANO
PAINTS.
Nano paints have taken these
aircrafts on the verge of
invisibility
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24. NANO COATINGS
 The Israel-basedYnetNews is Reporting that an Israeli company
called Nanoflight has successfully run a test on dummy missiles that
were painted with the nano-enabled coating and have shown that
radar could not pick them up as missiles.The nanocoating achieves
its radar trickery by absorbing the radio waves emitted by the radar
and scattering them as heat energy enough so that when the radar
gets the bounced back signal it is not regular enough to indicate an
object.
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25. COST OF OPERATION
 Stealth aircraft are typically more expensive
to develop and manufacture. An example is
the B-2 Spirit that is many times more
expensive to manufacture and support than
conventional bomber aircraft. The B-2
program cost the U.S. Air Force almost $45
billion.
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26. USE OF STEALTH AIRCRAFT
stealth aircraft have beenstealth aircraft have been
used inused in
•conflicts,conflicts,
including Operation Desertincluding Operation Desert
Storm, Operation AlliedStorm, Operation Allied
Force and the 2003 invasionForce and the 2003 invasion
of Iraq.of Iraq.
•employed to strike high-employed to strike high-
value targetsvalue targets
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27. FUTURE OF STEALTH AIRCRAFTS
 The F-22 Raptor fifth generation stealth air superiority fighter
 Naval variant of the F-35 Lightning II fifth-generation stealth multi-role
fighter
 A Sukhoi PAK FA fifth-generation stealth multirole fighter
 Stealth aircraft will continue to play a valuable role in air combat with the
United States using the F-22 Raptor, B-2 Spirit, and the F-35 Lightning II to
perform a variety of operations.[
 The Russian Sukhoi PAK FA stealth multi-role fighter is scheduled to be
introduced from 2015, to perform various missions.
 The Sukhoi/HAL FGFA, the Indian version of the PAK FA is scheduled to be
introduced from 2017 in higher numbers, also to perform various missions.
 The People's Republic of China plans to introduce the Chengdu J-20 stealth
multi-role fighter round 2018. A prototype was flown in early 2011.[
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29. How to See Stealth
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NOT
STEALTH
STEALTH
DO NOT HAVE BAY DOORS – THE TWO SIDE-BAY
DOORS ARE OPEN HERE

30. QUERIES
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31. THANK YOU
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