Managing the collective collection - print books in maine
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Constance Malpas' Maine InfoNet Collections Summit presentation, May 24, 2013, University of Maine, Orono.
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Managing the collective collection - print books in maine
- 1. The world’s libraries. Connected. Managing the Collective Collection – print books in Maine Right-scaling stewardship Maine InfoNet E-Collection Summit , 24 May 2013 Constance Malpas Program Officer OCLC Research @ConstanceM With thanks to Brian Lavoie & Thom Hickey, OCLC Research
- 2. The world’s libraries. Connected. A ‘system-wide’ perspective on libraries Shift: local group collections service provision infrastructure management strategies • Data intensive analyses • Frameworks for decision making • Building a shared evidence base for collective action http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/swo.html
- 3. The world’s libraries. Connected. • Core business functions of the library are moving to supra-institutional scale • Network technologies, shift to digital accelerating this trend • Print management functions (among others) increasingly organized at group scale • Appropriate scale of cooperative action will vary, dependent on available infrastructure Sourcing and scaling (Dempsey, Lavoie)
- 4. The world’s libraries. Connected. North American print book resource as of January 2011: 45.7 million distinct publications 889.5 million total library holdings 49,790,608 924,617,036 North American print book resource as of January 2013: 49.8 million distinct publications (+9%) 924.6 million total library holdings (+4%)
- 5. The world’s libraries. Connected. Distribution by library type varies across regions 43%36% 34%35% Data current as of January 2011
- 6. The world’s libraries. Connected. ARL total holdings: 357,419,468 ARL total print book holdings: 232,610,958 (65%) ARL print book titles: 33,355,216 http://www.arl.org/arl/membership/members.shtml ~73% of North American print book collection Asset v Data current as of January 2013
- 7. The world’s libraries. Connected. Selected Public Library Coverage Regional Print Book Collections NYPL: 21% Georgia Public Library : 6% Dallas Public Library : 11% Los Angeles Public Library : 12% San Francisco Public Library: 7% St. Louis Public Library: 5% of ‘extra-regional’ collection Cleveland Public Library: 10% Data current as of January 2011
- 8. The world’s libraries. Connected. Mega-regions & Library Consortia Orbis- Cascade CIC ASERL SCELC MINITEX Boston Library Cons. NERL OCUL TEXSHARE GWLA LOUIS
- 9. The world’s libraries. Connected. Right-scaling stewardship: assessing group-scale options Charlanta could secure 67% of regional collection ChiPitts could secure 58% of regional collection NorCal SoCal could secure 28%-47% of regional collection Data current as of January 2011
- 10. The world’s libraries. Connected. [Title goes here] ? Print books in Maine: • 1,964,419 titles (distinct editions) • 3,691,823 Maine library holdings • 1.88 avg. holdings per title in Maine • 147 avg. holdings per title in WorldCat Data current as of January 2013 Scope of regional print book resource (titles) has increased 3% since 2011 Size of collection (holdings) has increased 4% Density of collection (holdings / title) has scarcely changed Extra-regional duplication of Maine collection has decreased still v
- 11. The world’s libraries. Connected. Print Books in Maine: holdings by library type Majority of regional print book inventory is held by academic libraries N = 3.69 M print book holdings in Maine
- 12. The world’s libraries. Connected. Print Books in Maine: institutional infrastructure … yet, academic libraries represent a small part of regional ecosystem N = 127 library holding symbols in WorldCat Traditionally, stewardship responsibility concentrated here
- 13. The world’s libraries. Connected. Right-scaling Stewardship: the challenge for Maine Few institutions with preservation capacity or mandate, a collective collection that is widely duplicated elsewhere: … 99% of collection is duplicated in Bos-Wash mega-region … 68% of collection is held by >99 libraries in WorldCat … 37% of collection is duplicated in HathiTrust Digital Library limited options for redistribution of stewardship in state, What part of regional resource should be managed at institution scale? at group scale, via MSCS? at regional scale, through partnerships with BosWash consortia? at network scale, by leveraging Web-scale infrastructure like HathiTrust?
- 14. The world’s libraries. Connected. Scale Matters: Assessing Preservation Risk >90% of regional resource held by <5 libraries in Maine 3% of regional resource held by <5 libraries in WorldCat
- 15. The world’s libraries. Connected. Regional resource is concentrated in a small number of libraries 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% UNIV OF MAINE AT ORONO BOWDOIN COL BATES COL COLBY COL BANGOR PUB LIBR UNIV OF SOUTHERN MAINE PORTLAND PUB LIBR MAINE STATE LIBR MAINE CARD SERV AG, MAINE STATE LIBR CURTIS MEM LIBR UNIV OF MAINE AT PRESQUE ISLE UNIV OF MAINE AT FARMINGTON UNIV OF NEW ENGLAND UNIV OF MAINE AT MACHIAS MAINE MARITIME ACAD UNIV OF MAINE AT AUGUSTA UNIV OF MAINE AT FT KENT BANGOR THEOL SEMINARY MOULTON LIBR HUSSON UNIV UNIV OF MAINE, SCH OF LAW COLLEGE OF THE ATLANTIC UNIV COL OF BANGOR LIBR UNIV SOUTHERN MAINE LEWISTON AUBURN COL MAINE STATE LIBR BOOK-BY-MAIL SAINT JOSEPH'S COL LIBR CENTRAL MAINE COMMUN COL MAINE COL OF ART LIBR SOUTHERN MAINE TECH COL LIBR Library Coverage of Maine Print Book Collection N = 1,964,419 titles Data current as of January 2013 MSCS institutions alone cover 1% to 34% of regional print book collection The Right Stuff?
- 16. The world’s libraries. Connected. Print Books in Maine: cooperative infrastructure *analysis excludes Bangor Theological Seminary (BTF) Collective collection of 8 MSCS partners* accounts for 85% of print books in Maine N = 1.96M print book titles in Maine What part of this collection represents a distinctive shared asset worthy of MSCS investment? ? Who is responsible for the rest?
- 17. The world’s libraries. Connected. Cooperative Infrastructure – network scale Data current as of May 2013 May 2011 Title – level duplication in collections
- 18. The world’s libraries. Connected. • Typically, selection for local preservation prioritizes unique or rare holdings • Shared print preservation initiatives are an opportunity to direct investment toward ‘group-scale’ priorities • Widely-held titles that maximize collective benefit • Dual format titles that minimize preservation risk, maximize access • Topical collections that represent shared institutional interests • Cooperative print preservation should maximize coherence of shared collection Re-selecting for shared stewardship
- 19. The world’s libraries. Connected. Where to Draw the Line (redux) • Titles that have circulated or are likely to • Local priority / protection Relatively low yield *analysis excludes Bangor Theological Seminary (BTF) Data current as of May 2013
- 20. The world’s libraries. Connected. • Analysis based on scope of local holdings, relative to other topics in collection, and coverage of extant literature represented in WorldCat • Potentially useful as an indicator of shared patterns of institutional investment • Represents content that is distinctive within institutional context, distinctive within group distinctive within system- wide context • Preservation strategy that recognizes existing centers will minimize disruption to library system, maximize coherence of collective collection ‘Centers’ of collection strength
- 21. The world’s libraries. Connected. Places: Maine; Maine—Auburn; Maine—Bangor; Maine – Baxter State Park; Maine--Cumberland County; Maine—Hallowell; Maine— Lewiston; Maine—Pemaquid; Maine – Portland; Maine--Mount Desert Island; Barsetshire (England: Imaginary place) Persons: DeGier, Rinus (Fictitious character); Dowling, Father (Fictitious character); Grijpstra, Henk (Fictitious character); Kelly, Homer (Fictitious character); Maitland, Antony (Fictitious character); Ramage, Nicholas (Fictitious character); Organizations: Colby College; Maine Missionary Society; United States.--Army.--Maine Infantry Regiment, 20th (1862-1865); Boston Red Sox (Baseball team) Topics: Jazz Shared strength: ‘centers’ held by 2 or more MSCS *analysis excludes Bangor Theological Seminary (BTF) Public libraries collect most widely in popular fiction Local history, local publications and authors
- 22. The world’s libraries. Connected. 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Library Coverage of Works related to Maine [fst01204270] N = 54,303 works MSCS partners are the major repositories of literature related to Maine Data current as of May 2013
- 23. The world’s libraries. Connected. Centers reflect institutional priorities, faculty interests Large number of holdings related to Irish literature, specialization of Colby scholar, Prof. JF Carens Perhaps collected to supported work of Prof CJ Weber, prominent Hardy scholar …may represent holdings that Colby will want to protect
- 24. The world’s libraries. Connected. Centers reflect historical collecting priorities Bangor Public Library holds large number of historical posters …may represent holdings that Bangor & Portland Public will want to protect Portland Public Library has a significant collection of ‘altered’ artists’ books from joint project with Maine College of Art
- 25. The world’s libraries. Connected. Identifying potential partners cooperative collection management, cataloging expertise, course development etc.
- 26. The world’s libraries. Connected. • North American library system is loosely integrated: reliant on ad hoc resource-sharing partnerships with some cooperative governance exercised at group or consortium level • Ongoing shift to digital formats, disintermediation of information provision are contributing to ‘dis- integration’ of traditional library organization • Preserving, maximizing coherence of library system is key to ensuring continued vitality of library value proposition Maximizing coherence
- 27. The world’s libraries. Connected. Thanks for your attention. Constance Malpas malpasc@oclc.org
Editor's Notes
- Asked to provide an update on research related to print management – will provide some context, touch on two recent projects and try to weave in some locally relevant findings.May 24, 2013 9:00 - 9:30 Vendors present to talk to participant during breakfast9:30 - 10:45 Intro and Keynote - October Ivins, Ivins e-Content Solutions11:00 - 12:00 Constance Malpas, OCLC Office of Research & JeremyYork, Hathi Trust 12:00 - 1:00 Lunch with a time for vendors to also talk to librarians 1:00 - 2:45 Short vendor presentations- Each vendor has 12minutes to showcase either product/content (conducted like a lightninground) Vendors invited Include: Overdrive3MFregalIngramEbsco,Baker & TaylorEbrary/EBLProject MuseJSTOR 2:45 - 3:15 Chance for audience to talk to vendors3:15 - 3:30 Wrap up/lessons learned - October Ivins
- Asked to touch on current OCLC research as it relates to print management – need to say a few words about the context for our interest in shared print.A change in scale at which library functions are organized.
- Touch briefly on theme – or meme – that structures a lot of our work, i.e. sourcing and scaling. General idea here is that contours of library service bundle are changing – many activities that used to be sourced and organized ‘internally’ are now being sourced externally – from commercial providers or from library cooperatives.Appropriate to be discussing this work at Econtent symposium, as shift to digital formats is a major driver in reconfiguration of library organizations. Shift to digital increases disintermediation of libraries from information svc provision, enables broader externalization of discovery and delivery.So impact on print management is an area of focus – traditionally a major part of library activity but increasing ‘reorganized’ at group scale. This raises the question of what scale is appropriate – University system level? consortium level? State level? Infrastructure includes technical infrastructure but also policy and organizational infrastructure
- Some of our recent work has focused on understanding the distribution of print books on a regional scale. This is important because many shared print management efforts are being organized on a regional level, though the scale of cooperation varies considerably.Showed this picture last year, won’t dwell on it except to note the extraordinary asymmetries in distribution of resource – what has changed? Total number of titles has increased, and total number of holdings – but at different rates, resulting in net decrease in avg holdings per title, from 19.5 to 18.6.Maine libraries largely part of unincorporated ‘extra-regional’ zone, which accounts for the 3rd largest aggregation of print books in North America – nearly 16M titles.
- Didn’t discuss this last time… Typically, addressing academic audiences so emphasis is on the large inventory in college and university libraries – but public libraries have significant stake in print book management.Avg about 28% -- but some notable outliers, including the ‘unincorporated’ territories outside of mega-regions.
- Every mega-region has one or more ARL institutions that might be expected to take up some share of regional print preservation.And ‘unincorporated’ extra-regional areas includes several. But not in Maine.But would be a mistake to conclude that the 120+ ARL libraries all want to be in the print book business. Print is a diminishing part of expenditures, accounts for a diminishing part of usage, and is something many university libraries would like to ‘manage down’ – we’re not going to see the 65% figure increase over time.
- Foreshadowing importance of Portland and Bangor Public Libraries in Maine regional stewardship
- Instead, need to focus on existing consortium infrastructure – and there is at least some of this in every mega-region. We have recently been looking at degree to which existing consortia represent an appropriate scale for shared stewardship. Have looked at ASERL, SCELC and CIC. And today we’ll have an opportunity to say something about MSCS.
- What we’re finding is that existing consortia offer potentially useful scaffolding for shared print – though they represent only a fraction of libraries in each region, they provide substantial coverage. The variability in coverage is not just a measure of consortium size or scope, but also the underlying features of the regional collection. So in ChiPitts we see what may seem a surprisingly low level of coverage (given that it includes 13 major ARL libraires) – and this is because public libraries are an important part of the ChiPitts library landscape.
- We’re rebuilding our print books data set for some additional research, so can update this audience of the state of the regional print book collection.Things have changed – but Maine is still cool.A number of possible reasons for decreased duplication of Maine collections – could be that ME libraries are acquiring titles that other libraries simply haven’t set holdings on yet; could be that record merges will result in holdings being restored; etc. Duplication is still significant so not a major source of concern – but worth keeping an eye on, to the extent that Maine relies on external partners.Pepper, A. (Grassie) . (190). What Maine offers and why Maine is cool. Portland, Me.: Maine Central Railroad. [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t76t0t58w]
- A look at the regional resource as it is distributed across libraries in state.Not an unusual distribution – partly a reflection of low activity of public libraries setting holdings in WC (so holdings are undercounted).
- In absolute numbers, other kinds of libraries trump academic libraries in ME – concentration of stewardship responsibility.
- What options are available in regions with limited institutional infrastructure for stewardship?Leverage external networksDeepen reliance on cooperative digital archives
- Here’s a vivid illustration – even a garishly colored one – of why scale matters in assessing preservation risks. If you could find the right four….but diffusion of holdings makes this challenging.
- Here’s a way to begin to think about institution and group scale approaches. These are the top 30 or so institutional print book collections in Maine . The current MSCS partners are called out in red. Looks pretty good …Deb – are you up for preserving 34% of the print books in Maine?
- Collectively the power of this group to affect change in ME libraries is very great – recall that even large consortia like ASERL cover less than 70% of mega-regional resource. Part of what makes Maine cool is the inclusion of public libraries in the shared print strategy.But simply asserting that the 9 MSCS libraries should hang on to everything they’ve already got is not a strategy. A lot of sorting out to be done.
- If you know anything about my past work you will know that I think a strategy that ignores the availability of digital surrogates and digital preservation in print management is wrong-headed.I used a picture like this last year, so I’m including a refreshed version.Not much has changed here….leave it to Jeremy to say more about what Hathi can offer.
- Close with a few quick words about selection for shared print, including some new OCLC Research that we hope will useful in this context.Uniqueness not a reliable indicator of value (local or shared)Centers analogous to ‘local protection’ priorities – Maine as go-to sourceBut this leaves aside the question of how to maximize benefit across library community – Maine will be special, and it will have preserved some rare material of unknown value…who will preserve the core? Is that a problem another group will solve?
- Did this last time too…with different thresholds. Adjusted here after looking at current MSCS strategy which focuses on titles with <10 holdings in WorldCat.
- Topics that are especially prominent in local collection:Size of cluster: how important is topic to institution, relative to other topics in collectionCoverage: how significant holdings are as a measure of extant literature on topicKnowing where Centers exist is important if they are to preserved.
- These are some areas where MSCS collections are collectively strong – more than one library has either many holdings or a high percentage of known titles.
- MSCS are ideal partners if preserving literature related to Maine is a primary goal of the MSCS project – Portland Public Library boasts a collection that is comprehensive as that in the Library of Congress.
- We believe that shared centers may prove useful for identifying shared preservation interests – a way to identify partners.
- In closing, want to observe that we shouldn’t let pragmatic shared print interests obscure the importance of preserving and even maximizing coherence in the system-wide collection. Our present system is only loosely coordinated and it is only becoming less so. We should be focused not just on understanding how the library system is currently organized, but how it might be better organized.Coherent = well organized