Properties of a Well Written Text

1. essay sentence
research
paragraph
story
poem
W R I T I N
G

2. WHAT IS A PARAGRAPH?

3. PARAGRAPH
• a group of at least five
sentences, a paragraph is
half a page long, etc.
• always defined in terms of
length

4. PARAGRAPH
• series of sentences that
are organized and
coherent, and are all
related to a single topic.
https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/paragraphs-and-topic-sentences.html

5. Example:
Sunset is the time of day when our sky
meets the outer space solar winds. There are
blue, pink, and purple swirls, spinning and
twisting, like clouds of balloons caught in a
blender. The sun moves slowly to hide
behind the line of horizon, while the moon
races to take its place in prominence atop
the night sky. People slow to a crawl,
entranced, fully forgetting the deeds that still
must be done. There is a coolness, a
calmness, when the sun does set.

6. What are the PARTS of a
paragraph?

7. PARTS OF A PARAGRAPH
TOPIC
SENTENCE
SUPPORTING
SENTENCES
CONCLUSIONS

8. TOPIC SENTENCE
• Sentence that summarizes the
main idea of a paragraph.
• It is usually the first sentence in
a paragraph.
• Also known as a focus sentence,
it encapsulates or organizes an
entire paragraph.

9. TOPIC SENTENCE
TOPIC
TWO PARTS
CONTROLLING IDEA
names the
subject of the
paragraph
limits or controls
the topic to a
specific area

10. Example:
Topic Sentence:
There are many reasons
why pollution in ABC
Town is the worst in the
world.
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-topic-sentences.html

11. Example:
Topic Sentence:
To be an effective CEO
requires certain
characteristics.
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-topic-sentences.html

12. Identify:
Art, science and thought are the
most strenuous occupations of people.
If you would make good in any of
these, you must scorn delights and live
laborious days. To produce a
masterpiece in art, you must go lean
for many days. People might say to you
what they say to Dante, “shalt thou
achieve the great discoveries of
science and the great creations of art.”

13. SUPPORTING SENTENCES
• provide examples for
the topic sentence.
• the next sentences will
include information
supporting the main
idea in the topic
sentence.
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Write_in_English/WL8_supporting_sentences.html

14. Examples:
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-topic-sentences.html
Ice cream is one of the few desserts
that is enjoyed all over the world! In
Italy, they call their ice cream, gelato. Ice
cream, or helado, can be found on the
street corners of Argentina. The same is
true in Japan, Australia, and New
Zealand. Now I want to travel the world
just to try out all the amazing ice cream
offered in other countries!

15. Examples:
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-topic-sentences.html
Ice cream is one of the few desserts
that is enjoyed all over the world! In
Italy, they call their ice cream, gelato. Ice
cream, or helado, can be found on the
street corners of Argentina. The same is
true in Japan, Australia, and New
Zealand. Now I want to travel the world
just to try out all the amazing ice cream
offered in other countries!

16. CONCLUSION
• They draw together the
information you have
presented to elaborate
your controlling idea
[summarize, repeat/
restate ideas, profess a
hope, advice, opinion]

17. CONCLUSION
• They often link the
current paragraph to
the following
paragraph.
• May be added but not
essential in some
areas.

18. Examples:
Clearly, the negative health risks of smoking
cigarettes indicate that people should not try it.
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-topic-sentences.html
Because of the dangers of driving while using
gadgets, it should not be done by the drivers.
Social media helps people to connect with each
other through time and space. That caused a
massive globalization process and affected
people from all over the world. And now, it is
time to limit the negative influence of Facebook
and takes responsibility for future generations.

19. https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-topic-sentences.html
Native people always talk about how the
naupaka flower got its unusual shape. The flower
has petals on one side only. The legend says that
the marriage of two young lovers on an island was
opposed by their parents. They found the couple
together on a beach and to prevent them from
being together, one of the families moved to the
mountains, separating the young couple forever. As
a result, the naupaka flower separated into two
halves; one half moved to the mountains, and the
other half stayed near the beach. The legend of the
naupaka flower proves that native people have
rich histories of stories.

20. https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-topic-sentences.html
Native people always talk about how the
naupaka flower got its unusual shape. The flower
has petals on one side only. The legend says that
the marriage of two young lovers on an island was
opposed by their parents. They found the couple
together on a beach and to prevent them from
being together, one of the families moved to the
mountains, separating the young couple forever. As
a result, the naupaka flower separated into two
halves; one half moved to the mountains, and the
other half stayed near the beach. The legend of the
naupaka flower proves that native people have
rich histories of stories.

22. REVIEW:
Parts of a Paragraph
TOPIC sentence that summarizes
the main idea of a
paragraph.
SUPPORTING
Develop and support the
topic sentence
CONCLUSION
sentence
They draw together the
information you have
presented
sentences

23. Identify the topic sentence, supporting sentences
and the conclusion.
My Dog Romeo is so much fun to play
with. One reason he’s fun is because he
loves to play catch. What’s also fun is that
he follows me around the house with a toy
and drops it on my foot, so I will kick it.
Additionally, he can catch just about
anything, but his favorite thing to catch is a
Frisbee. Finally, he loves it when I pretend
like I’m falling dead, and he runs over to lick
me. All these reasons show why I really
have fun playing with Romeo.

24. Identify the topic sentence, supporting sentences
and the conclusion.
My Dog Romeo is so much fun to play
with. One reason he’s fun is because he
loves to play catch. What’s also fun is that
he follows me around the house with a toy
and drops it on my foot, so I will kick it.
Additionally, he can catch just about
anything, but his favorite thing to catch is a
Frisbee. Finally, he loves it when I pretend
like I’m falling dead, and he runs over to lick
me. All these reasons show why I really
have fun playing with Romeo.

25. What makes a good
paragraph?

26. PROPERTIES
OF A
WELL-
WRITTEN
TEXT

28. • writer’s ideas must
be clear and
logically arranged
• ideas should be
smoothly done
without gaps

29. • all sentences should be
related to one another
and are guided by the
topic sentence.
• Irrelevant sentences
which cause confusion
to the reader should be
avoided.

30. It covers:
• sentence order
• logical flow of
argument
• transitions

31. Making a great cup of tea is
easy if you follow these three
steps. First, heat a cup of water to a
boiling point. Then put the tea bag
in the hot water, and let it seep
into the hot water for at least three
minutes. Finally, add creamer and
sugar to taste. There is nothing
tastier than a strong cup of tea
early in the morning.

32. MAINCOMPONENTS
OF A
WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT
FOUR

33. RELEVANCE
DEDUCTION
ORDER
TRANSITION
WORDS

34. Sentences in a paragraph
should be related yet not
the same.
If the two sentences are
not closely related, you
will lose the readers’
attention, because they
will have to guess where
you are going.

35. Avoid having identical sentences, it will
not add any new information to your
work, and the reader will be annoyed.

36. What makes this paragraph
unclear?
Antonette’s motivation is her
family in all situations. Sometimes,
she is a rebel even she knows that
there are consequences. This would
also explain why she rejects John’s
support on her. They both have
different motivations - John has
nothing left to lose and wants to go
out with a glorious excitement.

37. Find the irrelevant sentence.
There are several ways people can
conserve natural resources. One way is to
turn lights off and appliances when they
are not in use. Another way is to drive
cars less. My favourite kind of car is
convertible. People can also insulate
their houses better. Finally, by reusing
things like bottles and plastic bags,
people can reduce the amount of waste.
By practicing these simple guidelines, we
can save our natural resources.

38. All sentences must be
related to the main idea and
should be arranged logically.

39. This morning was crazy. My alarm clock
was set for PM instead of AM, so I woke up
really late. I just threw on some clothes and
ran out the door. I rode my bike as fast as I
could and thought that I was going to be late
for sure, but when I got there everyone was
outside and there were fire trucks all lined
up in front of school. I guess somebody
pulled the fire alarm before class started. It
worked out though, because nobody really
noticed or minded that I was tardy.

40. The paragraph
begins with a
general statement
and continues by
presenting specific
relevant details.

41. Language is the road map of a
culture. It tells you where its people
come from and where they are
going. A study of the English
language reveals a dramatic history
and amazing flexibility. It is the
language of survivors, of
conquerors, of laughter.

42. They help a paragraph flow
more smoothly and show how
each sentence relates to one
another.

43. WITHOUT TRANSITIONS
One of my favorite hobbies is traveling. I
decided to get a job that paid me to travel
because I just couldn’t afford my habit. I
worked for a company called Offroad where I
led bicycle trips. It was a really hard job. I got
to spend two months living and working in
France’s wine country. Riding bikes all summer
was great, and traveling around France was
incredible. The job was too much work and I do
not earn enough. While it fed my traveling
addiction, I knew that job wasn’t for me.

44. WITH TRANSITIONS
One of my favorite hobbies is
traveling. Therefore, I decided to get a job that
paid me to travel because I just couldn’t afford
my habit. I worked for a company called
Offroad where I led bicycle trips. It was a
really hard job. Still, riding bikes all summer
was great, and traveling around France was
incredible; however, the job was too much
work and I do not earn enough. Thus, while it
fed my traveling addiction, I knew that job
wasn’t for me.

45. MOST COMMONLY USED
ADDITION
• also
• again
• besides
• furthermore
• in addition
• likewise
• moreover
• as well as
RESULT
• thus
• therefore
• as a result,
• consequently
• for this
reason
• hence
• otherwise
• subsequently

46. MOST COMMONLY USED
GENERALIZATIONS
• typically
• as usual
• for the most
part
• generally
• usually,
• in general
Introducing
Examples
• for example
• for instance
• as an
illustration
• as an example
• in this case

47. MOST COMMONLY USED
Emphasis
• above all
• chiefly
• especially
• particularly
Similarity
• similar
• together with
• combined
with
• comparatively
• correspondingly
• likewise
• significantly
• most
importantly
• primarily

48. MOST COMMONLY USED
Exception
• aside from
• besides
• except
Restatement
• excluding
• exclusive of
• other than
• outside of
• in essence
• in other
words
• namely
• that is
• in short
• to put it
differently

49. MOST COMMONLY USED
Contrast
/Compare
• in contrast
• conversely
• instead
• on the other
hand
• on the
contrary
• rather
• similarly
• yet
• but
• however
• still
• nevertheless
• in contrast
• comparatively
• likewise

50. MOST COMMONLY USED
Order
(time)
• at first
• to begin with
• at the same
time
• now
• the next step
• in turn
• later on
• meanwhile
• next
• then
• soon
• later
• while
• earlier
• simultaneously
• afterward
• before
• prior
• last
• meanwhile

51. MOST COMMONLY USED
Summary
• in brief
• in
conclusion
• in short
• in summary
• in the final
analysis
• finally

52. Every paragraph you write should follow these
principles:
1.The paragraph must contain a
topic sentence.
2.All remaining sentences should
support and develop the topic
sentence.
3.Only one main idea should be
developed
4.The sentences should flow
smoothly and logically.
5.A concluding sentence may be
added but is not essential.

54. Properties of a Well-Written Text

55. Properties of a Well-Written Text
COHERENCE
arrangement of ideas in a
clear and logical manner
COHESION
all sentences should be
related to one another and
are guided by the topic
sentence.
ORGANIZATION
sentence order, logical flow
of argument, and
transitions.

56. RELEVANCE
DEDUCTION
ORDER
TRANSITION
WORDS

57. Main Components of a Well-Written Text
RELEVANCE
sentences should be related
yet not the same.
ORDER logical arrangement
DEDUCTION general to specific details
TRANSITION
WORDS
relates sentences from one
another

58. KHIZZLE T. FRANCO