This document contains lecture notes on operational amplifiers (op-amps). It discusses feedback in op-amps and how it determines whether the op-amp acts as an amplifier or oscillator. It also defines what an op-amp is, describes common op-amp models like the μA741, and discusses the internal structure of op-amps. Finally, it outlines several applications of op-amps including inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, differential amplifiers, summing amplifiers, integrators, differentiators, logarithmic/anti-logarithmic amplifiers, analog computers, active rectifiers, and current sources.
3. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
GENERAL PURPOSE OP-AM
μA741 Operational Amplifier
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol Parameter UA741M UA741I UA741C Unit
VCC Supply voltage ±22 V
Vid Differential Input Voltage ±30 V
Vi Input Voltage ±15 V
Ptot Power Dissipation
P Di i ti 500 mWW
Toper Operating Free-air -55 to -40 to 0 to +70 °C
Temperature Range +125 +105
Tstg Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 °C
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
4. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
OP-AM AS A DISCRIMINATOR
Pulse Width Modulator
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
OP-AM AS A DISCRIMINATOR
VIN
VREF _
Y7
R +
_
Y6
R +
_
Y5
R +
_
Y4
R + Bargraph Audio Level Indicator
_
Y3
R +
_
Y2
R +
_
Y1
R +
5. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
INVERTING AMPLIFIER
By 2nd Rule:
d V IN 0V ; V B 0V V A 0V
VIN VOUT
By 1st Rule: I I
R1 R2
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER
By 2nd Rule:
6. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
SUMMING (MIXING) AMPLIFIER
Average Value
