2. Types of Communication
Communication in organization can be studied
under
A. Channel or Network – 1)Formal and 2)
Informal.
B. Direction of Message 1) Downward (2)
Upward 3) Horizontal 4)Diagonal
C. Method of Expression :1)Oral
2)Written3)Gestural
3. Channels of Communication
Formal Communication – It refers to the
official communication which takes place
following the chain of command in the
organization.
4. Advantages of Formal Communication
1)Orderly Flow of Information
2)Identified Source
3)Control
4)Answerability for Actions
5)Justification of authority
6)Authentic Information
6. Informal Communication –
Communication between individuals and
groups which are not officially recognised.
7. Grapevine has the following features
1.It transmits in every direction
2.Grapevine is selective with regard to the
person who receives the information.
3.Grapevine is based on people rather than
task.
4.Grapevine does not follow a fixed pattern.
8. 5)Grapevine generally occurs orally.
6)Grapevine extends beyond the formal
hierarchy system of an organization. It can
occur off the job.
9. Channels of Communication
Advantages of Informal Communication
1)Social Relations
2)Need satisfaction
3)Speed
4)Feedback
5)Better Human Relations
10. Channels of Communication
Disadvantages of Informal Communication
1.Incomplete Information
2.Distortion
3.Unrealiability
4.Lack of Authenticity
5.Problem in Fixing Responsibility
11. Types of Grapevine
Single Strand Network
Gossip Network
Probability network
Cluster
12. Direction or Flow of Communication
Downward communication
Upward communication
Horizontal communication
Diagonal communication
14. Downward communication
Merits
1)Mission and Goals
2)Plans and Policies
3)Duty and authority
4)Job satisfaction
Limitations
1.Distortion
2.Incomplete Information
3.Time Consuming
4.Filteration of Information.
22. Merits of Horizontal communication
It speeds up the flow of work in the organization
It facilitates problem-solving among members at
the same level and brings about co-ordination.
It helps in reviewing activities assigned to people
working at identical positions.
It develops mutual trust and confidence.
It relieves top managers burden of solving
problems of lower levels.
23. Limitations of Horizontal
Communication
1.Managers lack knowledge of other
functional areas.
2.Personal likes and dislikes among different
work group can obstruct free flow of
information.
3. Differences in perception and attitudes of
functional heads can be counter – productive
in horizontal communication.