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Channels Of Communication
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- 3. Communication is theeffective sharing or transmission of facts opinions or emotions by 2 or more people. The 3 basic elements of communication are :- The Sender The Message The Receiver. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION ?
- 4. METHODS OF COMMUNICATION Communication Video conferencing Blogwriting Web content Tele conferencing
- 5. CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION INAN ORGANISATION In an organization, information flows forward, backwards and sideways. This information flow is referred to as communication. Communication channels refer to the way this information flows within the organization and with other organizations. For example, reports from lower level manager will flow upwards. A good manager has to inspire, steer and organize his employees efficiently, and for all this, the tools in his possession are spoken and written words.
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- 7. What kind ofinformation flow happen in an organization? And Information flow happens between whom? 7
- 8. 8 Types of businesscommunication 1. Internal communication: This is the communication that takes place within an organization. In addition to the usual face to face, telephone, fax or mail; modern organizations may use technology to communicate internally. Technology may be used for e-mails or a linked internal communication. 2. External communication: Communication between the organization and those outside the organization. The communicate with other businesses can be through telephone, fax ,internet etc.
- 9. * External communication • Letters •Fax • Direct mail • Internet • Video • Telephones • Advertising • websites Internal communication • Team briefing • Notices • Reports • Memos • Face to face • E-mail
- 10. Types of communicationin an organization. Formal Communication Chain of command Written word Representative system Informal Communication Gossips Grape vine talks Chit chats
- 11. I. FORMAL COMMUNICATION A.Vertical Communication Vertical communication is communication that flows both up and down the organization, usually along formal reporting lines-that is, it is the communication that takes place between managers and their superiors and subordinates. Vertical communication may involve only two persons, or it may flow through several different organizational levels.
- 12. 1. Downward Communication •Downward Communication occurs when information flows down the hierarchy from superiors to subordinates. • Examples : Orders, circulars, individual instructions, policy statements, Inter- Office Memos, e-mail, notices • It is best suited for organizations where the line of authority runs distinctly downwards. • Main objectives: To give specific directions to subordinates about the job entrusted. To explain organizational policies and procedures. To apprise the subordinates of their performance. To give subordinates the rationale of the job so that they understand the significance of the job in relation to organizational goals.
- 13. 2. Upward Communication Upwardcommunication consists of messages from subordinates to superiors. This flow is usually from subordinates to their direct superior, then to that person’s direct superior, and so on up the hierarchy. Occasionally, a message might by-pass a particular superior. Examples : The typical content of upward communication is requests, information that the lower- level manager thinks is important to the higher-level manager, responses to requests from the higher-level manager, suggestions, complaints, and financial information. Importance : 1.Providing feedback: Whether directions issued are understood by lower staff. 2.Outlet for pent-up emotions : Grievances and problems addressed, solutions are developed and employees feel better after having talked about them. 3.Constructive suggestions: These can be secured for improvement of the organization.
- 14. IIPM SS 11-13i(A2) 14
- 15. B. Horizontal Communication Whereas vertical communication involves a superior and a subordinate, horizontal communication involves colleagues and peers at the same level of the organization. For example : an operations manager might communicate to a marketing manager that inventory levels are running low and that projected delivery dates should be extended by two weeks. Horizontal communication probably occurs more among managers than among non managers. Horizontal communication serves a number of purposes. It facilitates coordination among interdependent units. For example, a manager at Motorola was recently researching the strategies of Japanese semiconductor firms in Europe. He found a great deal of information that was relevant to his assignment. He also uncovered some additional information that was potentially important to another department, so he passed it along to a colleague in that department, who used it to improve his own operations. Horizontal communication can also be used for joint problem solving, as when tow plant managers at Westinghouse got together to work out a new method to improve productivity. Finally, horizontal communication plays a major role in work teams with members drawn from several departments.
- 16. Diagonal Communication *This occurswhen communication occurs between workers in a different section of the organization where one worker is on a higher level. *For example diagonal communication will occur when a department manager converses with an employee in another department. *It allows cross communication between departments
- 17. Helo, officer,tell me,is there an emergency? Hello lieutenant,patroling ecxz speaking sir,I’m rite here at the crime scene
- 18. Diagonal communication isusually verbal. It is a most direct and fastest method of communication.
- 19. Disadvantages It candestroy lines of authority and formal chains of command. It can lead to conflicting orders and hence to further confusion
- 20. II. INFORMALCOMMUNICATION INORGANIZATIONS Communication that takes place in an organization that transcends formal channels and instead follows any of several methods. Fig. 3 illustrates numerous examples of informal communication. F I G U R E 3. Informal Communication in Organizations
- 21. “Grapevine“ 1. a secretmeans of spreading or receiving information 2. the informal transmission of (unofficial) information, gossip or rumor from person-to-person -> "to hear about s.th. through the grapevine" 3. a rumor: unfounded report; hearsay
- 22. Grapevine Characteristics oral mostly undocumented open to change fast (hours instead of days) crossing organizational boundaries
- 23. Grapevine Characteristics inaccuracy: levelling deletion of crucial details sharpening exaggeration of the most dramatic details while the grapevine generally carries the truth it seldom carries the whole truth
- 24. Grapevine Figures 70%of all organizational communication occurs at the grapevine level estimated accuracy rates: 75-90% the incorrect part might change the meaning of the whole message though an estimated 80% of grapevine information is oriented toward the individual while 20% concerns the company
- 25. EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION Communication that takesplace between a manager and external groups Such as - suppliers, vendors, banks, financial institutes etc. For instance - To raise capital the Managing director would interact with the Bank Manager.
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- 27. The communication looksfairly simple 27
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- 29. Now how complicateddoes it look ?
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