This document provides an overview of communication, including its definition, key elements, types, networks, barriers, and strategies to overcome barriers. It defines communication as the exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions to create mutual understanding. The key elements discussed are the presence of at least two people, the goal of mutual understanding, its ongoing and two-way nature, and its pervasive role in management. The document also examines formal vs informal communication, downward/upward/horizontal/crosswise flows, and formal and informal networks. Common barriers like semantic, psychological, organizational, and personal factors are outlined. Finally, it discusses the importance of communication and strategies to clarify ideas, communicate appropriately, consult others, ensure feedback, listen

1. WELCOME
PROJECT
OF
BOM

2. PREPARED BY
SATYARTH PRAKASH
Email:satyarth1526@gmail.com

4.  The term ‘communication’ is derived from the Latin
word ‘communis’ which means common.
 Communication may be defined as an exchange of
facts ,ideas, openions or emotions to create mutual
understanding.

5.  (1) At Least Two Person : At least two person one who
sends the message and the second who receive .
 (2) Mutual Understanding : Its basic purpose is to
create understanding in the mind of the receiver of
message .
 (3) Continuous Process : It is an ongoing process . It is
a regular process .
 (4) Two Way Process : It is a two way because of
needs of reaction or respond .
 (5) Pervasive Function : It is vital on all level of
management .

7. SENDER MESSAGE
ENCODING
RECEIVER CHANNEL
DECODING

8.  Sender : person who sends message or ideas.
 Message : what is conveyed by the sender.
 Encoding : transmit the ideas or message.
 Channel : medium or route through which message
or idea is passed.
 Receiver : who is supposed to received the
message.
 Feedback : response or reaction by receiver.

9. (1) FORMAL
COMMUNICATION
(2) INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION

10. It refers to interchange of information officially . The
flow of communication is controlled and deliberate
efforts . This makes it possible for the information to
reach the desired place without any hindrance ,at
low cost and in a proper way .
This is also known as “Through Proper Channel Of
Communication .

11.  (1) DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
 (2) UPWARD COMMUNICATION
 (3) HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
 (4) CROSSWISE COMMUNICATION

12. It is used to issue orders and
instructions to employees .
It refers to the flow of information
from a superior (high level) to a
subordinate .

13. Orders
Instructions
Policies
Circulars
procedures
rules
Budgets
Newsletter
Lectures
Annual report

14.  It refers to the flow of communication from
lower levels (subordinates) to higher level
(superiors) .
 Such communication enables the
management to know what is happening
throughout the organization .

15. Requests
Suggestion
Grievances
Complaints
Proposals
Reports

16. Horizontal or lateral
communication
implies exchange of ideas and
information among people working
at the same level of authority .

17. Inter-dependent memos
Inter-personal dialogues
Line and staff parleys
Telephonic conversations
Union management meetings

18.  It means communication between persons
who are neither in the same department
nor on the same level of organizational
structure . It cuts across departmental
lines.
 It generally takes place when members
can’t communicate effectively through
other channels .

19.  Informal communication arises out of
all those channels that fall outside the
formal channels and it is also known
as GRAPEVINE . It is established
around the societal affiliation of
members of the organization . It
doesn’t follows the authority line .

20. Better human relation
Free from barriers
Satisfy social needs
Flexibility
Fill possible gaps

21. Not authentic
May be distorted
Rise to rumors
Rise to gossips
Mislead people
May more talk less work

23. It is a pattern of inter-connected
lines.
It determines the rapidity, accuracy
and smoothness with which the
message flow in the organization.

24. TYPES
• FORMAL COMMUNICATION
NETWORK
(1) Circle network - each person
communicate with two other.

25. CHAIN NETWORK
• Message flow in a
direct vertical line
FREE FLOW
• Every member allowed to
communicate with all
other

26. WHEEL
NETWORK
• A number of
subordinate report
to one superior
Y NETWORK
• One central person
communicates with
other

27. INFORMAL NETWORK
SINGLE STRAND GOSSIP
Y
X
X

28. PROBABILITY CLUSTER
X
X

29. BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION

30. Barriers that Affect
Co-Worker Communication
Sender Message Receiver

31. Types of Barriers
• Semantic Barriers
• Emotional or Psychological Barriers
• Organizational Barriers
• Personal Barriers

32. • Different language
• Words
• Pictures
• Actions
• Poor vocabulary

33. Emotional or psychological
barriers.
• Loss in transmission
and retention
• Distrust of
communicator
• Failure to
communicate
• Undue reliance on
written words
• Inattention of the
receiver

34. Organizational barriers
• Organizational policy
• Organizational rules
and regulations
• Status relationship in
organization
• Structure of the
organization
• Lack of organizational
facilities
• Wrong choice of
channel

35. • Barriers in superiors
• Attitude of superiors
• Fear of challenge to
authority
• Underestimation of
their subordinates
• Ignoring the junior
• Insistence on
following proper
channel

36. Objectives
• Communication plays a vital role for the
growth and development of an Individual,
organization and the Nation.
• Effective communication will not be
possible without proper understanding of
the barriers.
• Proper understanding of the barriers is
necessary to avoid the barriers and make
communication effective.

37. Measures to overcomes the
barriers of communication
• Clarify ideas before communication.
• Communication according to the need of
receiver
• Consult others before communication.
• Ensures proper feed back.
• Be a good listener.
• Beware of language tone and contempt of
message.

38. References ;
• C.B.Gupta Modern business organization
• John chandler , Heather clark .
Organization and management.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C
ommunication&oldid=626112881
• Jump up ^ Harper, Douglas.
"communication". Online Etymology
Dictionary

39. T H A N K S