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2. NATURE OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
• 2 perspectives:
• People’s actions and attributes: we
communicate through the use of eyes, touch,
body movement…
• Elements (not part of people) that
communicate thru’ people’s use of them:
clothes, furniture, color…

3. Characteristics of non-verbal
communication

4. 1.Nonverbal communication: more ambiguous
The same nonverbal cue can have
multiple meanings
meanings vary by culture, context
and degree of intention
A stare at someone?
it is not possible to accurately
understand the messages conveyed
by non-verbal behaviour.

5. 2. Nonverbal communication is
continuous

6. 3. Nonverbal communication is
multichanneled
• Verbal symbols: heard or seen
• Nonverbal cues: heard, seen, felt, smelled,
tasted
Eg. I love you = tone of voice, facial expression,
hand movement, touch, eye contact,

7. 4. Non-verbal is more trusted in case
of conflicting messages
• Eg. Do you like my new shirt?
• Yes (with indifferent look) => No

8. 5. Nonverbal communication gives
more insight into emotional states

9. 6. Some nonverbal cues are universal

12. Body motions (kinesics)
• Eye contact
• Facial expression
• Gesture: Movements of hands, arms, fingers
• Posture: position and movement of body
• Haptics: touching behaviour

13. Illustrators
 To complement/support a message:
describing/emphasizing

14. Emblems
• Substitutes for words
• Culture-specific

15. Affect/mood displays
• Body movements that reveal emotional state

16. Regulators
• monitor, maintain, or control the speaking of
another individual
• regulators might suggest that the speaker
keep talking, clarify, or hurry up and finish

17. adaptors
• Movements that satisfy personal needs
• Adaptor: unintentional but people can attach
meaning to them.

18. haptics
• Appropriateness of touch differs with
• individual preference
• context
• culture

19. Paralanguage (vocalics)
How something is said
Pitch: highness or lowness of tone
Volume: loudness or softness of tone
Rate: speed
Quality: sound of a person’s voice
Intonation: variety, melody, or inflection in one’s
voice
Vocalised Pauses

20. Use of vocal characteristics
• complement
• Contradicting
• Reflecting attitudes
• Substituting
• Regulating

21. practice
• Read the following sentence differently to
convey different messages
I didn't tell her you were stupid
(I told someone else.)
(I told her you're still stupid.)
(I told her something else about you.)
(I emphatically did not.)
(I told her someone else was stupid.)
(Somebody else told her.)
(I implied it.)

23. Oh, really!
• I don’t believe what you just said
• Wow! That’s interesting!
• I find your comment boring

24. paralanguage
• Vocal characteristics
• Vocal
inferences/vocalised
pauses/fillers
• Silence, laugh,
scream, sigh…
breaks in verbal communications
that interrupt your speech:
ah, um, so, and, oh, like, you know,
I mean

28. chronemics
• Study of people’s use of time
• Edward T. Hall: 3 time systems:
• Technical time: scientific measurement of time
• Formal time: time that society formally defines
• Informal time: personal use of time

29. Informal time
 Duration: how long we allocate for a particular event
 Punctuality: meeting a time expectation
 Activity: what should be done in a given period of
time

30. Proxemics
study of people’s use of space
Informal space: the distance you try to maintain
when you interact with other people.

31. • Intimate zone: (0-46cm)
Reserved for lovers, children, close family
members, close friends, and pet animals.

32. Personal zone
• 46 cm - 120 cm away.
• used in conversations with friends, to chat
with associates, and in group discussions.

33. Social distance (1.2-3.7cm)
• in business transactions, meeting new people
and interacting with groups of people

34. Public distance (>3.7m)