This document provides instructions on two methods for calculating integrals: substitution and integration by parts.
1. The substitution method explains how to calculate an integral by making a change of variables using a substitution of the form t = φ(x). This allows the integral to be rewritten in terms of the new variable t and then evaluated.
2. The integration by parts method states that for functions u(x) and v(x), the integral of their product can be rewritten as udv = uv - vdu. This formula provides a method for evaluating integrals that involve the product of two functions.