1. Group membersGroup members
Asikuzzaman- 151041031
Mamunur Rahman- 151042031
Wahidul Islam- 151043031
Serajum Monira- 151045031
PH Rubel Ahmed- 151046031
Amino acidsAmino acids
Submitted toSubmitted to
Ekhlas UddinEkhlas Uddin
Lecturer of MicrobiologyLecturer of Microbiology
DepthDepth
Primeasia UniversityPrimeasia University
2. AMINO ACIDSAMINO ACIDS
What are amino acids?What are amino acids?
Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are a
group of organic compounds containing two functional groups
amino and carboxyl.
3. Classification of Amino acidsClassification of Amino acids
Amino acid forms a larger component of body in the form ofAmino acid forms a larger component of body in the form of
proteins and can be classified as-proteins and can be classified as-
•Structurally amino acids can be classified on the basis of
functional groups locations as, alpha, beta, gamma and delta
amino acid.
•Other classification related to polarity.
•Acidic, basic and neutral.
•Nutritional classification.
4. Nutritional ClassificationNutritional Classification
1- Essential or Indispensable amino acids:1- Essential or Indispensable amino acids: Can’t be synthesized
in the body & have to be taken in the diet.
e.g. Valine, Isoleucine, leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenyl
Alanine, Threonine, Tryptophan .
2-Semi-essential Amino acid:2-Semi-essential Amino acid: Synthesized by animal. e.g.Synthesized by animal. e.g.
Histidine & Histidine.
3- Non essential or Dispensable amino acids:3- Non essential or Dispensable amino acids: Can be
synthesized in the body & may not be the component of diet.
e.g. Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Cysteine, Asparagine, Glutamine,
Tyrosine, Arginine and Proline.
5. Essential and Non-essentialEssential and Non-essential
amino acidsamino acids
• There are 20 different amino that make up all proteins in the
human body.
• These amino acids are needed to replenish tissue, red blood
cells, enzymes, and other substances.
• 9 - 12 can be manufactured by the body-nonessential amino
acids, not obtained from the diet.
• The remaining 8 to 11 -essential amino acids, must be
obtained from the diet.
6. METHODS FOR PRODUCTIONMETHODS FOR PRODUCTION
OF AMINO ACIDSOF AMINO ACIDS
1.1. EXTRACTIONEXTRACTION:: Hydrolysis of proteins to isolate amino acids like cys, tyr, leu.
1.1. CHEMICAL SYNTHESISCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS:: can result in racemic mixture (D and L amino acids), most
applications are for L-form sometime DL or D may be required.
2.2. MICROBIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS:MICROBIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS:
a. Direct fermentation: MO use carbon sources and produce aa. Carbon like glu,
fructose, alkanes, ethanol, glycerol, molasses, starch, methanol etc.
b. Conversion of metabolic intermediates to amino acids.
c. Use of enzymes (microbial) or immobilized cells: resting cells, crude cell extracts,
immobilized cells can be used.
9. ApplicationApplication
FOOD INDUSTRYFOOD INDUSTRY
•Flavor enhancers, MSG, glycine, alanine. Tryptophan and histidine act as
antioxidants to preserve milk powder. For fruit juices cysteine is used as an
antioxidant.
•Aspartame, dipeptide (aspartyl-phenylalanine-methyl ester) produced by
combination of asp and Phe is 200 times sweeter than sucrose. Used as low
calorie artificial sweetener in soft drink industry.
•Essential amino acids are those deficient in plant based foods like lys, met,
thr, Trp improves nutritional quality of food and feed additives (animal).
Bread: lysine, soy products or soyabean meal (pigs/animals): methionine.
10. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRYPHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Used as medicines, infusions to patients with post operative treatment
CHEMICAL INDUSTRYCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
• Used as a precursor for production of several cpds.
• Glycine used to manufacture GLYPHOSATE.
• Threonine used for AZTHREONAM (Herbicide).
• Poly methyl glutamate: Manufacturing Of synthetic leather.
• N-acyl derivatives of amino acids used for making cosmetics.
ApplicationApplication
