Introduction to Aminoacids the basic unit of proteins,there are about 300 amino acids in which 20 occur in proteins, Definition- amino acids are group of organic compounds containing two functional group (amino and carboxyl group) , Explained Classification on the basis of structure polarity metabolic rate and nutrition , Funtions, Structure, Properties and Reference.

1. TOPIC- AMINO ACIDS
M S . A A F R E E N K H A N A M
A S S T . P R O F E S S O R ( D E P A R T M E N T O F M I C R O B I O L O G Y )
S H R I S H A N K A R A C H A R Y A M A H A V I D Y A L A Y A , J U N W A NI B H I L A I

2. SYNOPSIS
• Introduction
• Definition
• Functions of Amino acids
• General Structure of Amino acids
• Classification of Amino acids
• Structure of Amino acids
• Properties of Amino acids
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
 Amino Acids are the building units of proteins. Proteins are polymers of
amino acids linked together by what is called “ Peptide bond” (see latter).
 There are about 300 amino acids occur in nature, only 20 of them occur in
proteins.
 The key element of amino acids are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)
and nitrogen (N).

4. DEFINITION
• Amino acids are group of organic compounds containing two functional groups
i.e. amino and carboxyl group.
• The amino group (NH2) is basic while the carboxyl group (COOH) is acidic in
nature.

5. FUNCTIONS
• Main function of amino acid is to serve building block of protein.
• Essential for proper functioning of our body.
• Circulatory function- Blood clotting control through protein such as fibrinogen.
• Structural function- Skeleton, muscle. skin and generally all tissues of body are made
up of proteins.
• Motion function- Amino acid make a locomotory movement through muscle fibres.
• Hormonal function- All hormones are formed by amino acid.
• Transport function- Albumin is very abundant protein in the blood.

6. GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AMINO ACID

7. CLASSIFICATION OF AMINO ACIDS
Classification of
Amino acids
Based on
Structure
Based on Polarity
Based on
Metabolic Rates
Based on
Nutritional
classification

8. Based on Structure

12. BASED ON POLARITY

13. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON METABOLIC
RATE
• According to metabolic and degradation products of amino acids they may be :
Glucogenic Amino acids
Ketogenic amino acids
Mixed Glucogenic and ketogenic Amino acid

14. BASED ON NUTRITIONAL
CLASSIFICATION

15. PROPERTIES OF AMINO ACIDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. Solubility
2. Melting Point
3. Taste
4. Optical Isomerism

16. • CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. Amino acids forms salts ( COONa) with bases and esters ( COOR’) with alcohols.
2. Decarboxylation
3. Reaction with Ammonia

17. 4. Reaction with Ninhydrin
5. Transamination

18. 6. Oxidative deamination

19. AMINO ACIDS AS DRUGS
• D-penicillamine (D-dimethylglycine), a metabolite of penicillin is employed in the
chelation therapy of Wilson disease. This is possible since D-penicillinamine can
effectively chelate copper.
• N-acetylcysteine is used in cystic fibrosis and chronic renal insufficiency as it can
function as an antioxidant.

20. REFERENCE
• Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox.
• Microbiology by Powar and Daginawala.
• Biochemistry by U. Satyanarayana.
• Biochemistry by J.L. Jain.