here i write about Amino acids and its classification in a easy way and in these slides i wrote many mnemonics that will help you to remember this classification more clearly and in these slides i also wrote about Essential and non-essential amino acids and in next day i will also upload some more tricks to remember many essential and Non-essential amino acids in a easy way with very interesting mnemonics okay thank you guys.

1. NAME: MUHAMMAD KHAN
BIOCHEMISTRY
1ST YEAR MBBS
BUMDC.

2. Amino Acids:
Amino acids are group of organic compounds containing
two functional groups amino and carboxyl. The amino group (-NH2) is
basic while the carboxyl group (-COOH) is acidic in nature.

4. Classification
Amino acid can be classified:
According to their polarity
According to the nature of their side chains
On the basis of their nutritional importance.

5. Classification according to polarity.
• Amino acids are classified into 4 groups based on their polarity.
Polarity is important for protein structure.
• 1. Non-polar amino acids: These amino acids are also refered to
as Hydrophobic (water hating). They have no charge on the ''R''
group. The amino acids included in this group are – alanine,
leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan
and proline.

6. • 2. Polar amino acids with no charge on 'R' group:
These amino acids, as such, carry no charge on the "R" group.
They however posses groups such as hydroxyl, sulfhydryl and
amide and participate in hydrogen bonding of protein structure.
The simple amino acid glycine (where R=H) is also considered in
this category. The amino acids in this group are glycine, serine,
threonine, cysteine, glutamine, asparagine, and tyrosine.

7. 3.Polar amino acids with positive ''R'' group:
• The three amino acids Lysine, arginine and histidine are included
in this group.
4.Polar amino acids with Negative ''R'' group:
•The dicarboxylic monoamino acids- aspartic acid and glutamic
acid are considered in this group.

8. Classification According to side chain.
• The side chains of amino acids may differ in chemical nature.
• The amino acids may be divided in to several groups on this basis.
• And these are given below:

15. Imino Acids:
•Proline containing pyrrolidine ring is a unique
amino acid.
•It has an imino group (=NH). Therefore, proline
is an α-imino acid.

16. •Difference between Essential and non-Essential amino acids
Essential amino acids Non-Essential amino acids
The amino acids which cannot
be synthesized by the body and
therefore need to be supplied through
the diet is called essential amino acids.
Ten amino acids comes under this group
The body can synthesize about 10
essential amino acids to meet the
biological needs hence they need not be
consumed in the diet.
Also known as indispensable amino acids Also known as dispensable amino acids
Examples include Phenylalanine, valine,
Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine,
Methionine, Histidine, Arginine, Lysine,
Leucine.
Examples include Alanine, Aspartate,
Glycine, glutamine, cysteine, Asparagine,
Glutamate, tyrosine, proline, serine.

17. •Difference between standard and Non-standard amino acids.
Standard amino acids Non-Standard amino acids
20 Amino acids are used to synthesize
proteins and these are known as
standard amino acids.
The compounds similar to basic
structure of amino acids but do not
occur in proteins.
Standard amino acids includes both
essential and non-essential amino acids.
These are also known as Non-protein
forming amino acids.
These structures similar to the Neutral,
basic, and acidic amino acid.
These are either intermediates or
products of various metabolic pathways.
Examples. Essential amino acids and
non-essential amino acids and semi-
essential amino acids.
These are Homoserine, Homocysteine,
Dihydroxy phenylalanine(DOPA), Mono-
iodo-tyrosine(MIT), Di-iodo-
tyrosine(DIT), Tri-iodo-tyrosine (T3),
Tetra-iodo-thyronine(T4), Ornithine,
Citrulline, Argininosuccinic acid.