1. The Art of Public Speaking Ch 1: Speaking in Public

2. Conversation and Public Speaking Organize thoughts logically Tailor message to audience Tell stories Adapt to listener feedback

3. Conversation Public Speaking Less structured (interruptions, no time limits) Informal language (“Yo,” “freakin’,” “Fixin’ to go to work”) Casual delivery method (“like,” “you know,” “um,” quiet volume, relaxed posture) More structured (no interruptions, time limits) Formal language (proper grammar and clear, standard language) Formal delivery method (no stock phrases or “ums,” louder volume, good posture)

4. Dealing with Nervousness Practice Prepare (1-2 hours per minute speaking) Positive thoughts (“I’ll be fine”) Power of visualization (imagine your success) Perception vs. Reality (they can’t tell you are nervous) Perfection is a myth (expect the unexpected)

5. Other things that help: Get rest Flex and relax muscles Take deep, slow breaths Nail the introduction Make eye contact Focus on audience, not your thoughts Use visual aids

6. 7 Elements of Speech Communication Speaker—choose your topic wisely Message—words, voice, body language, etc. Channel—direct speaking (no electronics) Listener—different frames of reference Feedback—look for nonverbal cues Interference—things you can’t control Situation—time and place of speech *see p.21-22 for an example of these

7. Cultural Diversity America is a melting pot, so this is a special concern for us. Even nonverbal signals can be misunderstood because of cultural differences. Avoid subtle ethnocentrism. You may not agree with values of a particular culture, but respect them. -Avoid words, phrases or gestures that could be misunderstood. -Ask the audience whether you are being clear. (You may not get a response in Asian and Carribean countries, as it is considered disrespectful to a speaker.)