This document provides guidance on using examples, statistics, and testimony to support ideas in a speech. It recommends: - Using brief examples to illustrate a point and extended examples to engage listeners. Examples should be vivid and delivery should be fine tuned. - Ensuring statistics are representative and from reliable sources. Statistical measures like mean, median, and mode should be used correctly. Statistics can clarify or strengthen a point and quantify ideas. - Citing expert or peer testimony through brief direct quotations or paraphrasing longer quotes. Sources should be accurate, qualified, and unbiased, with full attribution provided. Testimony can support a speech when presented effectively.

1. Ch 7: Supporting Your Ideas

2. 1. ExamplesBrief (use to illustrate a point)Extended (use to engage listeners) *view Olympic SpiritHypothetical (brief and realistic) *view College Cheating

3. When do I use an example?To clarifyTo reinforce your ideasTo personalize *view Coming Home: the other side of war*tip: make your examples vivid, detailed, specific*practice delivery to fine tune the approach (Slower here? Louder here?...what works?)

4. 2. StatisticsBe sure the stats are representative (Do they actually represent the population or issue they are being used to discuss?)Be sure the stats are from a reliable source

5. Use statistical measures correctly:mean: the average of a group of numbersmedian: the middle number when numbers are arranged highest to lowestmode: the number occurring most frequently in a group of numbers

6. When do I use a statistic?To clarify or strengthen your pointTo show seriousness of an issue *view RainforestsTo quantify your ideas* Use statistics sparingly * Identify the sources of the stats in the speech* Explain your statistics* Round off complicated stats* Use visual aids to show trends *view The Economics of Native American...

7. 3. TestimonyExpert or peerDirect quotations: Testimony presented word-for-word should be brief, say it best, and be witty, eloquent or compelling. Paraphrasing: restating the ideas in your own words should be used when a quotation is too complicated or too long

8. Tips for using testimony:Be accurateUse qualified sourcesUse unbiased sourcesIdentify the people you quote or paraphrase:-book, magazine or web document name-author or sponsoring organization-author’s qualifications-date of publication, posting, or updating *view Bursting the Antibacterial Bubble