This document discusses optical fiber connectors. It begins by introducing the ferrule, which is a cylindrical tube used in connectors to precisely align the fiber cores. The document then covers the major types of connectors that have been introduced, including ST, SC, LC, FC, MU, and MPO connectors. ST and SC connectors became dominant in the 1980s-1990s due to their low loss and ease of use. Newer connectors like LC and MPO provide higher density by reducing size and combining multiple fibers. Proper connectors are important for achieving low insertion loss while providing easy installation and connection/disconnection of fibers.
A brief presentation about optical fiber technology. Presented by Abdessalam BENHARIRA and Laurent PANEK.
Summary
1. What is optical fiber ?
2. How it works ?
3. Different types
4. Uses
5. Advantages and disadvantages
6. Conclusion
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the various dispersion mechanisms that are observed in optical fibers. Some fundamental terms and concepts are also discussed. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Mechanical splicing techniques is optical fiber splicing techniques which are using adhesive epoxy resin.its a simple techniques for optical fiber connecting.
A brief presentation about optical fiber technology. Presented by Abdessalam BENHARIRA and Laurent PANEK.
Summary
1. What is optical fiber ?
2. How it works ?
3. Different types
4. Uses
5. Advantages and disadvantages
6. Conclusion
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the various dispersion mechanisms that are observed in optical fibers. Some fundamental terms and concepts are also discussed. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Mechanical splicing techniques is optical fiber splicing techniques which are using adhesive epoxy resin.its a simple techniques for optical fiber connecting.
it's gives the full description about satellite . it's provide the knowledge about wireless communication.and it's gives the comparison between oft and satellite.ti's gives the basic knowledge about optical fibre
Fiber optic adapter is also called fiber optic coupler. It is used to provide a cable to cable fiber connection.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me. yoyo@kinsom.com
Fiber optic pigtail provides a fast way to make communication devices in the field. It is designed, manufactured, and tested according to protocol and performance dictated by industrial standards, which will meet your most stringent mechanical and performance specifications.Fiber optic pigtail provides a fast way to make communication devices in the field. It is designed, manufactured, and tested according to protocol and performance dictated by industrial standards, which will meet your most stringent mechanical and performance specifications.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
3. Introduction
In last 35 years, many fiber optic calbleswas invented which has lower loss, less cost and easier to install
About 100 fiber optic connectors have been introduced to the marketplace, but only a few represent the
majority of the market.
An optical fiber connector terminates the end of an optical fiber, and enables quicker connection and
disconnection than splicing.The connectors mechanically couple and align the cores of fibers so light can
pass.
4. Ferrule
• Metal, ceramic or plastic
• cylindrical tube with a small hole in one end for the fiber and larger hole on other side for cable jacket.
• It is the most important and costly part of a fiber connector.
5.
6. • First commercially successful fiber optic connector.
• About 3 dB loss.
• Used as on connector in front panel of the original Tektronix
OTDR.
Types of connectors
Deutsch 1000 :
7. Types of connectors
Biconic Connector
• One of the first connectors employed in fiber optic communications links.
• Loss was 0.5-1 dB
8. Types of connectors
SMA (Subminiature assembly) Connector :
• Machined ferrule exactly 3.17mm in diameter (Large core fiber).
• These connectors are still in use on some military and industrial systems.
• Insertion losses of 1.25-2 dB /km at 850nm
• MM only.
9. Types of connectors
NEC D4 :
• The first connector to use ceramic or hybrid ceramic/stainless steel ferrules.
• It uses a smaller ferrule than SCs or FCs.
• It was widely used in telecommunication networks in the 80s to early 90s and some
may still be in use.
10. Types of connectors
• Developed by AT&T and became dominant during the 1980s and 1990s
• usable for both single and multi-mode fibers
• 2.5mm ferrule spring loaded, which means they are easily inserted and removed
• The typical insertion loss is 0.25 dB.
ST (Straight Tip) Connector
11. SC (Square) Connector :
Types of connectors
• 2.5 mm ferrule that is widely used for it's excellent performance.
• Was not widely used at first because it was twice as expensive as a ST
• It's a snap-in connector that latches with a simple push-pull motion
• Used at Kathmandu University
12. Types of connectors
LC (Lucent) Connector :
• 1.25 mm ferrrule
• It's a snap-in connector that latches with a simple push-pull motion
• 1 LC= 0.5 SC (Size)
13. Types of connectors
FC (Fiber Channel) connectors:
• Designed for use in high-vibration environments.
• 2.5 mm ferrule made of zirconia ceramic or stainless steel.
• Spring-Loaded
• The tip is then typically polished to produce a rounded surface
14. • New generation connectors used mainly in dense applications.
• The connector is square and employs a push-pull mating mechanism.
• The different variations of this connector are
Single Mode APC
Single Mode UPC
Multi Mode UPC
›This connector is used for SDH, LAN, WDM.
Types of connectors
MU Connector:
15. Types of connectors
MPO ( Multi-Fiber Optical ) Connector:
Widely used around the world. designed to reduce the amount of time required for fusion splicing
individual connectors.
• It combines lots of fibers in one connector
• Saves a lot of space.
• Generally, there are two popular MPO connector types: 12-fiber MPO connector and 24-fiber MPO
connector.
16. Features
• Low insertion loss
• Ease of installation
• Low cost
• Low environmental sensitivity
• Ease of use
• High return loss (low amounts of reflection at the
interface)
